Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:1.16.3.1 (ceruloplasmin)
5,074 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Relevant biological effects associated with mild to moderate copper deficiency and copper excess are unknown. It is difficult to identify markers of these early changes because limits of the homeostatic range are still undefined and early changes may represent adaptive responses that do not imply necessarily risk of damage. We report here a series of studies carried out to shed light on the responses within the homeostatic range, by assessing classic parameters of copper status in humans at different copper exposure. In adult healthy volunteers that had an estimated daily intake of 0.9 mg Cu/day (approximately 15 microg/kg/d), exposure to additional 50-60 microg of copper/kg/day for three months or up to 150 microg/kg/d for two months resulted in no significant changes of SOD activity in erythrocytes, of copper concentration (in serum, erythrocytes and mononuclear cells) and of serum ceruloplasmin (ANOVA). Neither were found differences by gender or age. As in previous studies in infants, the non-ceruloplasmin copper fraction was positively correlated to serum copper (r = 0.58). Assessing variations on copper absorption, infants supplemented/not supplemented with oral copper (80 ug/kg/14 days), at age 1 and 3 months, showed copper absorption close to 80% at both ages; no effect was observed for age or supplementation, suggesting that either these concentrations do not elicit regulatory mechanisms or that at this age down regulation for copper absorption is not efficient. These studies indicate that in the range of the copper homeostasis area the markers tested are not suitable to detect mild changes (within the homeostatic range) of copper metabolism.
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PMID:Copper exposure and potential biomarkers of copper metabolism. 1257 79

Activities of monoamine oxidase B, Cu-Zn-dependent superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase, the concentration of enzyme-active ceruloplasmin, and resistance of the nerve tissue to oxidative stress were examined in spinal cord preparations from humans (n=43) died at the age of 21-92 years. Age-related activation of monoamine oxidase B was found only in thoracic segments, while age-related decrease in SOD activity was demonstrated in thoracic segments and cervical intumescence of the spinal cord. Age-related accumulation of enzyme-active ceruloplasmin was observed in all segments of the spinal cord. Activation of catalase and increased sensitivity to oxidative stress were observed in the cervical and lumbosacral intumescences. Heterotopic changes in the examined indices suggest that activity of monoamine oxidase B cannot serve as a universal factor of age-related changes in antioxidant defense in the spinal cord and its sensitivity to oxidative stress.
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PMID:Comparative study of age-related activity of monoamine oxidase-B, antioxidant defense enzymes, and tolerance to oxidative stress in various segments of human spinal cord. 1271 9

Dietary nutrient interactions are important factors to consider in the study of nutrient status and requirements. Here, the effects of dietary interactions among copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn) and sulfur amino acids (SAA) on blood cell characteristics and enzyme activities were observed. Male rats (n = 8) were used in a 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 factorial design and fed an AIN-93G-based diet containing dietary Cu (<1 and 5 mg/kg), Fe (10 and 35 mg/kg), Mn (10 and 50 mg/kg) and either L-cystine (LCys) or DL-methionine (DLMet). Blood was analyzed by automated hematology cell counting and by flow cytometry. Severe Cu deficiency was verified by reductions in the activities of serum ceruloplasmin (1% of control), RBC superoxide dismutase (SOD1) (14% of control), liver cytochrome c oxidase activity (25% of control) and serum extracellular SOD (SOD3) activity (20% of controls). Because Cu is required for Fe utilization, many physiologic responses that require Fe were affected by both deficiencies, including lowered blood hemoglobin (Hgb), lower RBC volume and Hgb concentration, and an increased number of reticulocytes. Cu and Fe deficiencies together worsened some conditions, i.e., lower Hgb, lower RBC Hgb, increased RBC distribution width, increased number of reticulocytes and nucleated RBC, and a higher platelet count. Increasing dietary Mn had little effect on most variables, except to reduce serum Cu when dietary Cu was adequate but not when it was low, and to reduce RBC SOD1 activity when dietary Fe was low but not when it was adequate. Hgb concentrations were higher (P < 0.002) in Cu-deficient rats fed LCys than in those fed DLMet. There was no effect in Cu-adequate rats. Hgb was higher (P < 0.004) in Fe-adequate rats fed LCys than in those fed DLMet, with no effect in Fe-deficient rats. Although the anemia of Cu deficiency in AIN-93G-fed rats was not as pronounced as that reported in rats fed the AIN-76A-based diet, other manifestations of the deficiency were prominent.
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PMID:Contrasting and cooperative effects of copper and iron deficiencies in male rats fed different concentrations of manganese and different sources of sulfur amino acids in an AIN-93G-based diet. 1474 82

Relations between exposure to chlorinated compounds and biological markers of response to oxidative stimuli were investigated in swimmers, taking into account the effect of training. Twenty-two male swimmers aged 15-25 years were surveyed twice. Prevalence of irritant symptoms and asthma and number of hours of training were reported. Exposure to nitrogen trichloride (NCl3) and blood response to oxidative stimuli [catalase, superoxide dismutase (Cu2+/Zn2+ SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities and ceruloplasmin, ferritin and total antioxidant concentrations] were measured. Univariate analyses were completed by multivariate analyses. High prevalences of irritant symptoms and asthma were found. Multivariate analysis confirmed the results of the univariate analyses and showed that Cu2+/Zn2+ SOD activity was increased by exposure and by training (P = 0.01, P = 0.0001, respectively). Erythrocyte GSH-Px was decreased, whereas plasma GSH-Px was increased by exposure (P = 0.002, P = 0.002). No other association was found. Higher irritant symptoms and increases in the activities of erythrocyte Cu2+/Zn2+ SOD and of plasma GSH-Px with exposure support the hypothesis that the production of reactive oxygen species is not only related to training but also to exposure to chlorinated compounds. Other athletes tend to have respiratory problems such as asthma, but the exposure to chlorinated compounds may increase the respiratory disease among swimmers.
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PMID:Not only training but also exposure to chlorinated compounds generates a response to oxidative stimuli in swimmers. 1499 64

Biological aging is associated with increased cellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as well as the formation and accumulation of oxidized biomolecules. During evolution, organisms developed a highly-efficient and adaptive antioxidant defense system. Antioxidants can generally be divided into two categories: enzymatic and non-enzymatic. During the aging process the activity of antioxidant enzymes, e.g. SOD, CAT, GSH-Px, and GSSG-R, depends on factors such as race, gender, tissue and subcellular localization of enzymes. The age-dependent decrease in antioxidant enzyme activity may be attributed to oxidative modifications of enzymes. During the aging process, ROS may also lead to the induction of some enzyme activity which is explained as an adaptive phenomenon. The decrease in GSH concentration with age can be explained by decreased GSH synthesis and/or increased GSH consumption in the removal of peroxides and xenobiotics. In plasma albumin, ferritin, transferrin, and caeruloplasmin exert protective action. Plasma proteins can inhibit ROS generation and lipid peroxidation by chelating free transition metals. Plasma protein concentrations changes with age. The major exogenous antioxidants, mostly derived from the diet, are vitamin E, C, A, and beta-carotene. During the aging process the level of vitamins may decrease or increase, depending on such factors as diet, and diseases.
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PMID:[Antioxidative abilities during aging]. 1507 54

In chemical plant workers producing pesticides chronic bronchitis and disturbed pulmonary ventilation are frequent. The aim of the examination of the staff (sewage-treatment plant, waste combustion plant, waste storage, industrial water pumping station)--16 males aged 21-53 years--was to assess: 1. Connective tissue metabolism--serum concentration of type I and III procollagen propeptides, collagen I telopeptide, hydroxyproline, alpha1-AP and alpha2-M antiproteases, interstitial collagenase (MMP-1) activity, as well as urine hydroxyproline and desmosine. 2. Free radical damage--serum malonic dialdehyde (TBARS) and ceruloplasmin concentration, erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes activity (SOD, catalase, GPx, GR), and neutrophils myeloperoxidase reaction. 3. Humoral (serum IgG, A and M, C3 complement component and the circulating immune complexes) and cellular (percentage of CD3, CD4 and CD8 lymphocytes) immunity rates. As compared to controls the following changes were found: 1. decreased MMP-1 activity and increased alpha2-M serum concentration; 2. increased erythrocyte SOD and GPx activities; 3. decreased percentage of T lymphocytes (CD3), increased serum concentration of the C3 complement component and the circulating immune complexes. The results were compared with those in workers of the departments producing liquid pesticides, dust pesticides and chlorfenvinphose, the changes of the investigated parameters were found to be less expressed.
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PMID:[Mechanisms of respiratory system lesions in chemical plant workers of the environmental protection department in comparison with workers of pesticide producing departments]. 1568 47

Soy isoflavone antioxidant effects may help prevent breast cancer re-occurrence, but isoflavone estrogen-like actions may increase breast cancer risk. These isoflavone actions can be reflected by effects on two copper enzymes activities, superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD 1), which has antioxidant function relevant to breast cancer prevention, and ceruloplasmin, which has its synthesis up-regulated by estrogen, and for which high values are associated with high breast cancer risk. A soy isoflavone-rich concentrate supplement was examined for effects on these two copper enzyme activities in post-menopausal breast cancer survivors (n = 7) in a crossover design with a placebo (24 days on supplement or placebo; 14 day wash out). The soy concentrate, but not the placebo, increased erythrocyte SOD 1 activities, but not ceruloplasmin activities or protein. The effect on superoxide dismutase activities was not likely due to increased copper intake since analysis of the soy extract showed little copper. The effect on superoxide dismutase was not accompanied by a change in urinary contents of 8-deoxyhydroxyguanosine, a DNA oxidant product, though perhaps this would change with a longer intervention. In summary, in regard to two copper enzyme activities, an isoflavone-rich soy concentrate showed an antioxidant effect considered relevant to breast cancer, but not an effect associated with estrogenic activity and increased breast cancer risk.
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PMID:Soy isoflavone supplementation elevates erythrocyte superoxide dismutase, but not plasma ceruloplasmin in postmenopausal breast cancer survivors. 1575 23

Sensitivity of the assay for Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase 3 (SOD3), the predominant form of SOD in serum, can be increased, and interferences caused by low-molecular-weight substances in the serum can be reduced by conducting the assay at pH 10 with xanthine/xanthine oxidase and acetylated cytochrome c (cyt c) as superoxide generator and detector, respectively. Serum SOD3 activity was assayed under these conditions in an experiment where weanling, male rats were fed diets for 6 weeks containing 3, 5 and 15 mg Zn/kg with dietary Cu set at 0.3, 1.5 and 5 mg Cu/kg at each level of dietary Zn. Serum SOD3 responded to changes in dietary Cu but not to changes in dietary Zn. A second experiment compared serum SOD3 activity to traditional indices of Cu status in weanling, male and female rats after they were fed diets containing, nominally, 0, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3 and 6 mg Cu/kg for 6 weeks. Serum SOD3 activity was significantly lower (P < .05) in male rats fed diets containing 0 and 1 mg Cu/kg and female rats fed diet containing 0 mg Cu/kg compared with rats fed diet containing 6 mg Cu/kg. These changes were similar to changes in liver Cu concentrations, liver cyt c oxidase (CCO) activity and plasma ceruloplasmin in males and females. Serum SOD3 activity was also strongly, positively correlated with liver Cu concentrations over the entire range of dietary Cu concentrations (R(2) = .942 in males, R(2) = .884 in females, P < .0001). Plots of serum SOD3 activity, liver Cu concentration, liver CCO activity and ceruloplasmin as functions of kidney Cu concentration all had two linear segments that intersected at similar kidney Cu concentrations (18-22 microg/g dry kidney in males, 15-17 microg/g dry kidney in females). These findings indicate that serum SOD3 activity is a sensitive index of Cu status.
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PMID:Serum superoxide dismutase 3 (extracellular superoxide dismutase) activity is a sensitive indicator of Cu status in rats. 1608 Dec 73

The physiological and production effects of feeding additional vitamin E and ruminally protected vitamin C were examined in cattle challenged with bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV 1). Forty-eight individually penned 6-mo-old Angus and Angus crossbred heifer calves with a mean BW of 151 kg were allocated randomly to four diets in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Pelleted diets provided either 15 or 185 IU/kg of DM of vitamin E, with or without 3.7 g of ruminally protected vitamin C/kg of DM. Blood samples were taken at start of the experiment and at wk 4, 5, and 6. At the start of wk 5, half of each of the dietary groups was challenged with BHV 1. Feeding additional vitamin E was associated with greater (P < 0.001) mean plasma alpha-tocopherol. In contrast, feeding ruminally protected vitamin C was not associated with greater (P = 0.59) mean plasma ascorbate concentration; however, feeding ruminally protected vitamin C was associated with lower (P = 0.03) mean blood total superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn SOD and Mn SOD) concentration. Calves fed additional vitamin E had greater (P = 0.05) mean plasma beta-carotene concentrations. There were interactions between dietary intake of vitamins E and C with respect to serum ceruloplasmin concentration (P = 0.01) and G:F (P = 0.05). Bovine herpesvirus 1 challenge was associated with lower white cell count (P = 0.007), lymphocyte count (P < 0.001), and DMI (P = 0.03). Feeding additional vitamin E to calves challenged with BHV 1 was associated with a lower (P = 0.03) serum ceruloplasmin concentration. There was a non-significant trend towards an interaction (P = 0.06) between the feeding of vitamins E and C, with virus-challenged calves fed additional vitamin E alone having greater plasma retinol concentrations. The feeding of vitamins E and/or C in calves challenged with BHV 1 was associated with alterations in the concentrations of other antioxidants. More severe disease may have translated these cellular effects to changes in health and performance.
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PMID:The physiological and production effects of increased dietary intake of vitamins E and C in feedlot cattle challenged with bovine herpesvirus 1. 1616 55

The health consequences of mild copper excess in humans are unknown. In a previous study, 2 mo of supplementation with up to 6 mg Cu/L in drinking water did not induce detectable changes. Here we assessed a copper supplement at the upper level of dietary recommendations for "healthy" adults. The study was a prospective controlled trial; participants (women and men, 18-50 y old), represented the upper and lower 5% of the ceruloplasmin distribution curve obtained from a community-based sample of 800 healthy adults (n = 41/group, each approximately 50% men). Individuals received a single daily dose of 10 mg Cu for 60 d. Before and after supplementation, blood [copper, ceruloplasmin protein, homocysteine, liver aminotranferases, Cu-Zn -superoxide dismutase activity in erythrocytes (eSOD), and glutathione in peripheral mononuclear cells] and urine [copper excretion after a 5-h administration of a chelator 2,3-dimercapto-1-propano-sodium sulfonate (DMPS)] analyses were performed. After 2 mo, liver enzyme activities remained below the clinical cutoff value used to diagnose liver dysfunction, but had increased significantly in both groups and genders. These increases were no longer present 12 mo after the copper loading period was completed. Glutathione in mononuclear cells (mmol/g of protein) also increased after the 2-mo copper loading in both groups and in both genders (P = 0.01). eSOD activity, serum homocysteine concentration, and urinary copper excretion 5 h after DMPS administration were not affected. We conclude that copper administered as described induced a transient, mild, but significant elevation of aminotransferases.
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PMID:Supplementing copper at the upper level of the adult dietary recommended intake induces detectable but transient changes in healthy adults. 1617 97


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