Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:1.16.3.1 (ceruloplasmin)
5,074 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1. Male albino rats of 21 days age were exposed to 10 p.p.m. cadmium (CdCl2 salt) in drinking water, ad libitum, for 90 days. It increased the brain cadmium levels by 76% (P < 0.05) and 165% (P < 0.001) respectively at 30 and 90 days of exposure compared to controls. 2. Cadmium increased blood-brain barrier permeability of fluoroscein dye (24%, P < 0.02) and the levels of brain microvessel malondialdehyde (31%, P < 0.01) at 90 days of exposure. However, these parameters did not alter significantly at 30 days of exposure. 3. Increased activities of microvessel superoxide dismutase (18%, P < 0.02), glutathione peroxidase (20%, P < 0.01) and catalase (28%, P < 0.01) were observed at 30 days of exposure. 4. The continuation of the Cd treatment for 90 days decreased the levels of superoxide dismutase (30%, P < 0.001), glutathione peroxidase (23%, P < 0.005), catalase (25%, P < 0.005), glutathione reductase (18%, P < 0.02), vitamin E (20%, P < 0.01), glutathione (26%, P < 0.01), ascorbic acid (18%, P < 0.05) and ceruloplasmin (13%, P < 0.05) in the microvessal preparation compared to controls. 5. It appears that Cd-induced blood-brain barrier dysfunction may be related to the depletion of microvessel antioxidant substances along with increase in lipid peroxidation at 90 days of exposure.
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PMID:Cadmium-induced alterations in blood-brain barrier permeability and its possible correlation with decreased microvessel antioxidant potential in rat. 873 64

Several in vitro studies have suggested that nitric oxide may be the mediator of cytokine-induced beta-cell destruction. On the other hand, in vivo studies have given conflicting results: some studies suggesting that nitric oxide synthase inhibitors do not suppress streptozotocin-induced diabetes in mice, while others revealed that nitric oxide synthase inhibitors can reduce the incidence of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in rats. The results of the present study indicate that alloxan-induced diabetes in the male Wistar rats can be abrogated to a large extent by prior and simultaneous administration of the precursor of nitric oxide, L-arginine, where as NG-monomethy-L-arginine (L-NMMA), a specific inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, can completely block the beneficial action of L-arginine. Sodium nitroprusside, a nitric oxide donor, also showed significant inhibitory effect on the severity of diabetes induced by alloxan. Alloxan treatment reduced nitric oxide generation, whereas L-arginine and sodium nitroprusside, when given along with alloxan, enhanced nitric oxide production to control values. Induction of diabetes by alloxan in the experimental animals was associated with a marked elevation in plasma lactate, ketone body, and lipid peroxide levels with a simultaneous fall in plasma insulin and nitric oxide levels. Alloxan-induced diabetes also induced a fall in the levels of anti-oxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase, and total glutathione, and antioxidants: vitamin E and ceruloplasmin, and an increase in glutathione peroxidase and glutathione-S-transferase. All these biochemical abnormalities and antioxidant levels have improved to near normal levels in animals treated with insulin, L-arginine, and sodium nitroprusside. From the results of the present study, it is apparent that L-arginine and nitric oxide can prevent alloxan-induced beta-cell damage, and the development of diabetes, and restore the antioxidant status to near normal levels.
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PMID:Effect of L-arginine-nitric oxide system on chemical-induced diabetes mellitus. 982 40

The activities of lipid peroxidation processes and enzymes of antioxidant system in the blood of patient with renal failure have been studied. The results demonstrated stimulation of lipid peroxidation processes in blood serum, cellular membranes of erythrocytes and in urine. The study of the antioxidant system discovered the inhibition of various enzymes: superoxide dismutase and peroxidase, inhibiting production of active oxygen forms; transferring and ceruloplasmin as regulators of Fe2+/Fe3+ ratio, glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidase influencing the ratio of oxidated and reduced glutathione forms and the level of SH-groups. So, determination of lipid peroxidation processes and antioxidant enzymes in blood is the sensitive inform test in diagnostics of chronic renal failure.
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PMID:[Antioxidants of blood enzymes in kidney function disorders in man]. 984 45

The antioxidative potential and reactive oxygen species generation were assessed in rat kidney during early critical periods of development and maturation. Superoxide anion generation was found to be low in kidney during early postnatal days of development, whereas hydrogen peroxide levels remained unaltered during development. The levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and protein carbonyls in developing kidney were higher during early postnatal days, up to 26 days after birth, compared to the adult levels. Kidney sulphydryl contents were significantly less during early periods (9 days postnatally) of development compared to adults but attain adult value by postnatal day 26. The levels of ascorbic acid and ceruloplasmin were also higher in developing kidney than in adults. Among enzymic antioxidants, the levels of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) enzyme in developing kidney were high during the early developmental period of the study as compared to adults; however, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione reductase (GR) were found to be significantly low at early postnatal days up to 16 days of age, which subsequently attained maturational level by the age of 26 days. The levels of antioxidant enzymes and sulphydryl contents in the developing kidney during early periods after birth are low but they increase subsequently with increasing age. Therefore, the present finding suggests that immature kidneys are in a highly dynamic stage of development during the early period and are equipped with antioxidative defence mechanisms that may have a predominant role in protecting against oxidative challenge.
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PMID:Profile of reactive oxygen species generation and antioxidative mechanisms in the maturing rat kidney. 998 78

The effect of alpha-tocopherol pretreatment on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status in isoproterenol induced myocardial infarction was studied in rats. Isoproterenol administered rats showed a significant increase in lipid peroxides in serum, heart and aorta. A significant increase in serum iron level with a significant decrease in iron binding capacity was also observed. The levels of antioxidants such as ceruloplasmin, glutathione and the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and glutathione-S-transferase decreased significantly in isoproterenol administered rats when compared to control. The activity of Na+K+ATPase decreased significantly and the activity of Ca2+ATPase increased significantly in heart and aorta of isoproterenol administered rats. alpha-tocopherol pretreated rats maintained the levels of antioxidants, membrane bound enzymes and activities of antioxidant enzymes near normal, on isoproterenol administration, thus establishing its effect as an antioxidant.
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PMID:Effect of alpha-tocopherol on lipid peroxidation in isoproterenol induced myocardial infarction in rats. 1023 59

Erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes were analysed in 100 patients with intracranial neoplasm and in 47 controls. There was a significant decrease in RBC glutathione reductase (GRx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in most types of brain tumor cases. Patients with acoustic neurinoma showed a significant reduction in selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase (Se-GPx) activity. A decrease in catalase (CT) activity was seen in most of the brain tumor patients but remained statistically insignificant when compared to controls. A significant increase in plasma ceruloplasmin concentration was observed in patients with glioma. These enzymes were also studied in 27 post-treatment cases. GRx activity returned to normal levels in these patients. RBC SOD and plasma ceruloplasmin levels showed a tendency to return to normal. Hence, a marked decrease in the antioxidant enzymes may have a role in the genesis of considerable oxidative stress in patients with brain tumors.
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PMID:Role of antioxidant enzymes in brain tumours. 1080 83

Erythrocyte, serum and plasma antioxidant activities and the effects of propylthiouracil (PTU) treatment on these activities were studied in patients with toxic multinodular goiter. The activities of the erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes (glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, catalase, Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase, selenium (Se)-dependent glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase) and the levels of erythrocyte Se, serum ceruloplasmin and plasma malondialdehyde were significantly higher while serum vitamin E, plasma vitamin C and plasma Se were lower in hyperthyroid patients. PTU treatment, not for 1 but for 3 months caused a partial reversal of antioxidant activities to euthyroid levels. It is suggested that alterations in blood antioxidant activities following PTU treatment might be due to the antioxidant and/or antithyroid effect of this drug.
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PMID:Effects of propylthiouracil treatment on antioxidant activities in blood of toxic multinodular goiter patients. 1089 78

In the present study, erythrocyte membrane lipid peroxidation, the percentage hemolysis, erythrocyte enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GP), glutathione reductase (GR), catalase, and plasma vitamin C, vitamin E, vitamin A and ceruloplasmin activities and concentrations were determined in 29 epileptic patients and 50 normal controls. Ten patients who were treated with phenobarbital and who did not get convulsions for 1 year were considered for followup. Lipid peroxidation and percentage hemolysis in patients with epilepsy was significantly higher when compared to controls. Moreover, plasma ceruloplasmin concentrations were also markedly increased in these cases. Erythrocyte GR and plasma vitamin C and A concentrations were significantly lower in epileptics when compared to controls. In the followup patients, the erythrocyte GR was significantly higher than their pre-treated condition. Furthermore, the plasma vitamin A, E and C concentrations have attained the normal range. This study indicates that the antioxidant status in blood of epileptic patients which was low compared to controls, improved after treatment, suggesting that free radicals may be implicated in epilepsy.
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PMID:Oxidative stress and antioxidants in epilepsy. 1116 18

The main components of antioxidant enzyme system (AOS) are superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione reductase (GR) catalyses the conversion of the superoxide anion. The important role in AOS belongs to catalase and glutathione peroxidase which perform H2O2 to nontoxic products. Simultaneous determination of AOS activity and malonic dialdehide (MDA) concentration (the index of lipid peroxidation in tissues and blood) characterize cells complex resistance to damage factor. The effect of L-arginine, as a precursor of nitric oxide synthesis and blocator NO-synthase (Nw-nitro-L-arginine) on AOS of rats with different resistance to hypoxia under stress condition is unknown and were subject of our investigation. Experiments were done on liver and blood tissues of white laboratory rats. The experimental animals were divided on two groups depending on hypoxia factor: high resistance (HR) and low resistance (LR). The type of resistance was determined by the time of ability to respire in barocamera with oxygen deficient equal to 12.000 meters over sea level. The animals adaptation to laboratory conditions continue during 14 days after in barocamera presence. All animals were divided dependent on experiment conditions on fourth groups. The first group: intact (HR and LR) animals parentherally injected by 1 ml of 0.9% NaCl solution. The second group was subject of stress condition. The third group: HR and LR animals injected parentherally by 1 ml L-arginine (Sigma, USA) dose (600 mg/kg body weight). The fourth one: rats injected by 1 ml Nw-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA, Sigma, USA)--the blocator of NO-synthase. The animals were decapitated 30 min after injection and stress condition under ethereal anesthesia. Activity of antioxidant system enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT); glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GP) were measured spectrophotometrically. Also was investigated the concentration of serum antioxidant ceruloplasmin (CP). Level of lipid peroxidation was estimate by examination of concentration of lipids of hydroperoxides (LHP) and malonic dialdehyde (MDA). Our data confirm suggesting that nitric oxide (NO) is a major regulator in the AOS enzymes activity and limit damage influence of AOF. Action precursor NO L-arginine might be capable of protective role in various disorders which are connected with hypoxia factor. Following thing can be interred the investigation of influence of nitric oxide adaptive answers in stress condition modelling of pathological processes in rats with different resistance to hypoxia and reflect the biological qualities data stady on AOZ and LP.
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PMID:[Effect of nitric oxide synthase inhibitor L-NNA on the activities of antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation in blood and tissues of rats with different resistance to hypoxia]. 1139 15

An intraperitoneal injection of an exogenous delta-sleep inducing peptide (DSIP) at a dose of 12 microg/100 g body weight shifted the prooxidant-antioxidant balance of free radical process (FRP) in tissues and erythrocytes of rats: the activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase) and the concentrations of antioxidants (reduced glutathione in particular) increased. The DSIP stimulated the myeloperoxidase activity in blood neutrophils and had no effect on the activity of xanthine oxidase, a prooxidant enzyme, in the brain and liver. Cold stress displaced the prooxidant-antioxidant balance by increasing the xanthine oxidase activity in tissues and decreasing the myeloperoxidase activity in blood neutrophils; it also inhibited the enzyme antioxidant activities in tissues and erythrocytes that was neutralized by an increased ceruloplasmin activity in blood plasma and by an elevated level of antioxidants in rat blood and tissues. Preliminary administration of DSIP to animals exposed to cold stress restored the prooxidant-antioxidant balance: it normalized the myeloperoxidase activity in blood neutrophils, decreased the xanthine oxidase activity, and increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes in tissues and erythrocytes restoring the antioxidant level. The molecular regulation mechanism of free radical processes by DSIP in tissues under stressful conditions is discussed.
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PMID:Regulation of free radical processes by delta-sleep inducing peptide in rat tissues under cold stress. 1142 12


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