Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:1.16.3.1 (ceruloplasmin)
5,074 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The present study was conducted to elucidate the antioxidant role of an ayurvedic formulation Abana in isoproterenol induced myocardial infarction in rats. In myocardial necrosis induced by isoproterenol, a significant increase in serum iron content with a significant decrease in plasma iron binding capacity, ceruloplasmin activity and glutathione level were observed. There was also a significant increase in lipid peroxides levels on isoproterenol administration. Activities of antioxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-s-transferase, glutathione reductase were decreased significantly in heart with isoproterenol-induced myocardial necrosis. Abana, produced a marked reversal of these metabolic changes related to myocardial infarction induced by isoproterenol. In conclusion ayurvedic formulation Abana exerts its effect by modulating lipid peroxidation and enhancing antioxidant and detoxifying enzyme systems.
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PMID:Effect of abana an ayurvedic formulation, on lipid peroxidation in experimental myocardial infarction in rats. 1255 18

Erythrocyte lipid peroxidation, oxidative hemolysis, erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes, viz. superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase and plasma antioxidants, viz. vitamin A, vitamin E, vitamin C and ceruloplasmin have been determined by spectrophotometric methods in 15 patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and in 50 controls. Lipid peroxidation, oxidative hemolysis and plasma ceruloplasmin were significantly higher in PD patients as compared to normals. Erythrocyte antioxidants in PD patients were not significantly different from the controls. However, plasma vitamin C in PD patients was significantly lower than the controls. It is concluded that these patients are under oxidative stress which points to a possible involvement of free radicals in PD.
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PMID:Free radical toxicity and antioxidants in Parkinson's disease. 1286 18

Diabetes Mellitus (DM), a state of chronic hyperglycaemia, is a common disease affecting over 124 million individuals worldwide. In this study, erythrocyte glutathione levels, lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase and some extracellular antioxidant protein levels of patients with type II diabetes mellitus and healthy controls were investigated. Thirty-eight patients (21 males; with age of mean +/- SD, 53.1+/-9.7 years) and 18 clinically healthy subjects (10 males; with age of mean +/- SD, 49.3+/-15.2 years) were included in the study. Levels of erythrocyte lipid peroxidation, serum ceruloplasmin and glucose levels, HbA1C levels, and erythrocyte catalase activity were significantly increased, whereas serum albumin and transferrin levels, erythrocyte glutathione levels, and glutathione peroxidase activity were significantly decreased compared to those of controls. There was no significant difference in superoxide dismutase activity compared to controls. The results suggest that the antioxidant deficiency and excessive peroxide-mediated damage may appear in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus.
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PMID:Antioxidant status and lipid peroxidation in type II diabetes mellitus. 1291 Apr 84

Antioxidant status was investigated in children with acute bacterial meningitis and encephalitis to investigate the possible role of free radicals in children with meningitis and encephalitis. Our study included 16 children with acute bacterial meningitis, 13 with encephalitis, and 17 control subjects. Serum ceruloplasmin, uric acid, albumin, bilirubin superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) levels were studied in all subjects within 6 h of admission. There was a statistically significant difference between the groups for all parameters except for serum uric acid. All antioxidant activities except for albumin level were increased in the study groups. Albumin level was higher in the control group than those of meningitis and encephalitis groups. When the values of meningitis and encephalitis were compared, there was a statistically significant difference between the groups for serum SOD, GPx, ceruloplasmin, and albumin. In conclusion, our study showed that serum SOD, GPx, catalase, and ceruloplasmin were higher in children with acute bacterial meningitis and serum SOD, GPx, catalase, ceruloplasmin, and total bilirubin levels were increased in children with encephalitis. These findings suggest that antioxidant status was almost similar in both acute bacterial meningitis and encephalitis conditions in childhood.
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PMID:Evaluation of antioxidant status in children with acute bacterial meningitis and encephalitis. 1458 50

Relations between exposure to chlorinated compounds and biological markers of response to oxidative stimuli were investigated in swimmers, taking into account the effect of training. Twenty-two male swimmers aged 15-25 years were surveyed twice. Prevalence of irritant symptoms and asthma and number of hours of training were reported. Exposure to nitrogen trichloride (NCl3) and blood response to oxidative stimuli [catalase, superoxide dismutase (Cu2+/Zn2+ SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities and ceruloplasmin, ferritin and total antioxidant concentrations] were measured. Univariate analyses were completed by multivariate analyses. High prevalences of irritant symptoms and asthma were found. Multivariate analysis confirmed the results of the univariate analyses and showed that Cu2+/Zn2+ SOD activity was increased by exposure and by training (P = 0.01, P = 0.0001, respectively). Erythrocyte GSH-Px was decreased, whereas plasma GSH-Px was increased by exposure (P = 0.002, P = 0.002). No other association was found. Higher irritant symptoms and increases in the activities of erythrocyte Cu2+/Zn2+ SOD and of plasma GSH-Px with exposure support the hypothesis that the production of reactive oxygen species is not only related to training but also to exposure to chlorinated compounds. Other athletes tend to have respiratory problems such as asthma, but the exposure to chlorinated compounds may increase the respiratory disease among swimmers.
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PMID:Not only training but also exposure to chlorinated compounds generates a response to oxidative stimuli in swimmers. 1499 64

Hirudotherapy was used in the treatment of 39 patients (10 male and 29 female) aged 28-58 years with chronic sialadenitis and sialadenosis. Control group consisted of 15 normal subjects without diseases of salivary glands. Lipid peroxidation (LPO) and antioxidant defense (AOD) parameters were under study. Hirudotherapy led to improvement of the clinical status in the majority of patients with sialadenosis; the content of superoxide dismutase (SOD) normalized and ceruloplasmin (CP) level increased. The status of patients with sialadenitis also improved; catalase and glutathione peroxidase levels normalized and SOD and CP levels increased. The best therapeutic effect was attained in patients with sialadenitis. No appreciable improvement was observed in patients with chronic parenchymatous parotitis in the presence of Sjogren's syndrome.
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PMID:[Study of free-radical processes and antioxidant defense parameters during hirudotherapy of patients with diseases of salivary glands]. 1502 72

We measured lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes in erythrocytes of types IIb and IV hyperlipoproteinemic (HLP) human subjects in comparison with age-matched controls. Thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), a measure of lipid peroxidation, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR), and catalase (CAT) were determined in erythrocytes. We also measured lipid parameters including triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C), LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C), apolipoprotein AI, and apolipoprotein B, and antioxidant related substances such as serum albumin, free iron, ferritin, ceruloplasmin. Thirty-two subjects (females 15, males 17) with type IIb (the mean age 45.6+/-8 [S.E.]), 34 with type IV (females 16, males 18) (the mean age 47+/-10 [S.E.]), and 36 normolipidemic voluntary subjects (females 18, males 18) (the mean age 46+/-8 [S.E.]) were included in the study. Erythrocytes were prepared by classical washing method (0.9% NaCl) from venous blood samples. The mean TBARS levels in plasma and erythrocyte suspensions were found to be significantly higher in both types IIb and IV hyperlipoproteinemics. Erythrocyte SOD and GSH-Px activities were decreased but erythrocyte GR activity did not change in both types IIb and IV hyperlipoproteinemics. Erythrocyte CAT activity was decreased in type IIb, but it was increased in type IV hyperlipoproteinemics. Erythrocyte SOD activity was negatively correlated with plasma TG level, whereas plasma free iron was positively correlated with plasma TBARS level in type IV hyperlipoproteinemics. These results suggest the presence of oxidative injury in patients with type IIb or IV hyperlipoproteinemia, and that the responses of erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes to oxidant stress are different in these conditions.
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PMID:Erythrocyte antioxidant enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation in patients with types IIb and IV hyperlipoproteinemias. 1506 42

Exposure to environmental pollutants is known to be harmful to health, in general, and to lungs in particular. In this respect, traffic police are at particular risk due to the nature of their job, since they are exposed to emissions from the vehicles. Here, we show that in the traffic police of Hyderabad city, India, the plasma levels of lipid peroxides are high, whereas the concentrations of the nitric oxide are low. In addition, the levels of various antioxidants in the RBC lysate such as catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase were found to be low with no significant alteration in plasma ceruloplasmin levels. These results suggest that exposure to air pollutants, a major portion of which is due to emissions from the vehicles, can increase oxidant stress, decrease the levels of antioxidants and nitric oxide. This imbalance in the oxidant/antioxidant system may lead to lung damage and is likely to cause respiratory problems in individuals exposed to air pollution.
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PMID:Oxidant stress, antioxidants and nitric oxide in traffic police of Hyderabad, India. 1509 3

Infiltrative ophthalmopathy, which may develop in patients with Graves' disease, is considered an inflammatory disorder of autoimmune background. There is growing evidence that changed reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism plays an important role in pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Corticotherapy is a principal method of ophthalmopathy treatment, and its therapeutic effect is partially connected with influence on ROS generation systems. This study was undertaken to investigate corticosteroids treatment influence on blood extracellular indices of ROS metabolism in Graves' ophthalmopathy patients. Plasma indices of free radical generation and scavenging were determined in 22 euthyroid patients with active infiltrative Graves' ophthalmopathy initially, after intensive corticotherapy and after completing of steroid treatment. Age- and sex-matched 24 healthy volunteers and 25 euthyroid Graves' patients without overt ophthalmopathy served as controls. In the ophthalmopathy patients hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), lipid hydroperoxides (ROOH), thiobarbituric acid-reacting substances (TBARS) and ceruloplasmin (CP) levels and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities were increased, whereas glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GR) activities were reduced. Intensive corticotherapy resulted in normalization (partial for ROOH) of ROS metabolism peripheral markers. After the withdrawal of corticosteroids a reduction of ophthalmopathy clinical activity was present, yet a marked restoration of increased oxidative stress indices was observed, along with activation of antioxidant defence systems (not significant for CAT activity). These data demonstrate that corticosteroids are effective in reduction of peripheral oxidative stress present in infiltrative Graves' ophthalmopathy, but this effect tends to be transient.
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PMID:Peripheral parameters of oxidative stress in patients with infiltrative Graves' ophthalmopathy treated with corticosteroids. 1515 21

Mitochondria generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP) but also dangerous reactive oxygen species (ROS). One-electron reduction of dioxygen in the early stages of the electron transport chain yields a superoxide radical that is detoxified by mitochondrial superoxide dismutase to give hydrogen peroxide. The hydroxyl radical is derived from decomposition of hydrogen peroxide via the Fenton reaction, catalyzed by Fe2+ ions. Mitochondria require a constant supply of Fe2+ for heme and iron-sulfur cluster biosyntheses and therefore are particularly susceptible to ROS attack. Two main antioxidant defenses are known in mitochondria: enzymes that catalytically remove ROS, e.g. superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, and low molecular weight agents that scavenge ROS, including coenzyme Q, glutathione, and vitamins E and C. An effective defensive system, however, should also involve means to control the availability of pro-oxidants such as Fe2+ ions. There is increasing evidence that this function may be carried out by the mitochondrial protein frataxin. Frataxin deficiency is the primary cause of Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA), an autosomal recessive degenerative disease. Frataxin is a highly conserved mitochondrial protein that plays a critical role in iron homeostasis. Respiratory deficits, abnormal cellular iron distribution and increased oxidative damage are associated with frataxin defects in yeast and mouse models of FRDA. The mechanism by which frataxin regulates iron metabolism is unknown. The yeast frataxin homologue (mYfh1p) is activated by Fe(II) in the presence of oxygen and assembles stepwise into a 48-subunit multimer (alpha48) that sequesters >2000 atoms of iron in a ferrihydrite mineral core. Assembly of mYfhlp is driven by two sequential iron oxidation reactions: a fast ferroxidase reaction catalyzed by mYfh1p induces the first assembly step (alpha --> alpha3), followed by a slower autoxidation reaction that promotes the assembly of higher order oligomers yielding alpha48. Depending on the ionic environment, stepwise assembly is associated with the sequestration of < or = 50-75 Fe(II)/subunit. This Fe(II) is initially loosely bound to mYfh1p and can be readily mobilized by chelators or made available to the mitochondrial enzyme ferrochelatase to synthesize heme. However, as iron oxidation and mineralization proceed, Fe(III) becomes progressively inaccessible and a stable iron-protein complex is produced. In conclusion, by coupling iron oxidation with stepwise assembly, frataxin can successively function as an iron chaperon or an iron store. Reduced iron availability and solubility and increased oxidative damage may therefore explain the pathogenesis of FRDA.
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PMID:Functional studies of frataxin. 1517 25


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