Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:1.16.3.1 (ceruloplasmin)
 5,074 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A number of soluble proteins contained in human aortic intimal tissue was extracted into buffered saline (pH 7.4) and identified and quantitated by immunoelectrophoresis and immunodiffusion. The proteins included IgA, IgG, IgM, B1C (C3), alpha 1-antitrypsin, alpha 2-macroglobulin, fibrinogen, albumin, LDL, HDL, alpha 1-acid glycoprotein, beta 2-glycoprotein, transferrin and ceruloplasmin. The concentration of soluble proteins was significantly higher in the atherosclerotic intima than in the normal intima. The diseased intima also contained a small amount of tissue-bound IgG, IgA and B1C which was extractable with citrate buffer at pH 3.2. The vascular band IgG, and B1C were shown by enzymatic and immunohistochemical studies to be closely associated with the collagenous tissue of the plaque. The Ig contained in the atherosclerotic plaque may be derived in part from the biosynthesis of Ig by the artery, since the incorporation of 14C-labeled leucine into IgG by the atheromatous plaque was demonstrable by radioimmunoelectrophoresis. In contrast to the diseased artery, the normal artery did not synthesize IgG and did not contain vascular bound IgG or complement. However, the normal artery was capable of fixing IgG and B1C eluted from the diseased artery. The present studies suggested that the IgG contained and synthesized by the plaque might represent an immune response to an endogenous or exogenous antigen closely associated with plaque collagen. IgG and B1C either alone or in the form of an immune complex also may play an important role in phagocytosis in the plaque and thereby influence the course of atherosclerosis. The proteolytic inhibitors, alpha 1-antitrypsin and alpha 2-macroglobulin, found in relatively high concentrations in the plaque, could enhance fibrosis of the lesion because of thier known inhibitory effects on collagenase and elastase.
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PMID:Soluble proteins in the human atherosclerotic plaque. With spectral reference to immunoglobulins, C3-complement component, alpha 1-antitrypsin and alpha 2-macroglobulin. 9 93

Cryostat sections of normal human first-trimester placentae have been studied by indirect immunofluorescence to localize numerous protein antigens to well-defined anatomical regions. Transferrin was identified in the apical aspect of all trophoblasts. Fibrinogen/fibrin was also clearly demonstrated in speckled pattern in this location and similar reactions were also observed for alpha-2-macroglobulin, IgG and C3. Plasminogen was identifiable in trophoblasts, and beta-2-microglobulin was uniformly absent from these cells. Collagen and fibrinogen/fibrin were demonstrated on trophoblastic basement membrane, whereas IgG and C3 were only very rarely identified at this site. Few antisera gave strong staining of first-trimester villous stroma, although collagen was shown to contribute much of the stromal matrix. Fibrinogen/fibrin, plasminogen, alpha-2-macroglobulin, C4, C3, C1q, IgG and caeruloplasmin gave positive reactions in fibrin and fibrinoid areas, and phytohaemagglutinin was demonstrated to bind strongly to these areas as well as to trophoblastic basement membrane.
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PMID:Immunological studies of human placentae: identification and distribution of proteins in immature chorionic villi. 35 18

I would like to comment on two points raised by Dr. Barbara Simcock in her 'Pitfalls in contraception' (AFP October 1978). IUD-associated fetal anomalies: There have been scattered reports about these, as Dr. Simcock remarks. Further, infants born in the presence of copper-containing IUDs have high serum levels of copper and ceruloplasmin. As copper is intimately involved in the metabolism of mitochondria, collagen and melanin the long term sequelae may be sinister. One case has been documented where high levels were the probable cause of still birth. IUD-associated infections: It is now well established that, apart from gonorrhoea, there is poor correlation between cervical swabs and pathogens higher in the genital tract. Thus the results of these swabs should not be relied on as a guide to treatment.
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PMID:Contraceptive pitfalls. 43 85

A large colony of fawn-hooded (FH) rats, comprising five original families and six generations of their progeny, was developed for genetic and comparative studies of their bleeding tendency. The characteristics of the bleeding diathesis in these rats are similar to those originally reported in related rats by Tschopp and Zucker. FH rats have normal clot retraction, ADP-induced platelet aggregation and platelet ADP; variable aggregation with collagen; minimal aggregation with adrenaline and cobra venom factor; and reduced platelet ATP, ATP/ADP ratio, serotonin content and -14C-serotonin release. In comparison to age- and sex-matched Wistar rats, FH rats have significantly prolonged partial thromboplastin time, shortened Russell's viper venom time and increased factor X and XI levels. Other coagulation screening tests and specific assays for fibrinogen, plasminogen and factors VII, VIII and IX were normal. Some age- and sex-related differences in coagulation and other parameters were observed within each rat strain. Plasma proteins, glycoproteins and ceruloplasmin (copper oxidase activity) showed no abnormalities, nor did initial studies of immunoglobulins and complement. However, FH rats have significantly lower glucose and higher cholesterol levels than comparable Wistar rats.
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PMID:Characterization of the fawn-hooded rat as a model for hemostatic studies. 116 25

Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is oxidized by cellular and noncellular mechanisms, both leading to an increased binding to collagen. We have investigated the effect of serum on lipid peroxidation, apoprotein oxidation and the binding of oxidized apoprotein to collagen. During noncellular oxidation, lipoprotein-deficient serum strongly inhibited all three processes. The serum fraction of M(r) > 100,000 was equally inhibitory; this effect was not due to alpha 1 or gamma globulins, alpha 2 macroglobulins, haptoglobins or ceruloplasmin. The serum fraction of M(r) 30,000-100,000 stimulated the binding of oxidized apoprotein but the albumin in this fraction inhibited lipid peroxidation and apoprotein oxidation. Serum ultrafiltrate (M(r) < 1000) inhibited lipid and protein oxidation, and binding; the inhibitory effect was abolished by deionization which removed histidine. The effects of lipoprotein-deficient serum and its fractions on cellular oxidation were similar but weaker than those on noncellular oxidation, HDL inhibited noncellular oxidation as well as binding of oxidized apoprotein. VLDL also inhibited oxidation; this could not be accounted for by its content of apo B. If present in vivo, these inhibitory effects would completely suppress both cellular and noncellular oxidation of LDL and its subsequent binding to collagen.
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PMID:Inhibition by serum components of oxidation and collagen-binding of low-density lipoprotein. 142 Feb 93

The relationship between biochemical changes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), serum and the lung of different dustexposed rats was studied. Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups: 1. Xingkong chrysotile asbestos (CH-As); 2. Dust in a sieve selection workshop of Xingkong asbestos mine (Dust-Wo); 3. Silica group (SiO2); 4. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) and 5. Normal control group (Control). All the rats were killed in three months after experiment. The results showed that the level of alveolar macrophages (AM), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) and acid phosphatase (AcP) in each group was marked by related to collagen, lung fat, ceruloplasmin (Cp) and hydroxyproline (HoP) by r and t-test. Among the LDH from BALF, culture fluid and serum, there was also a marked relationship. So the authors pointed out that the BALF especially AM and LDH test could serve as a good and valuable index for detection the condition of pneumoconiosis.
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PMID:[The relationship of biochemical changes among bronchoalveolar lavage fluid serum and lung on dust-exposed rats]. 166 Aug 48

Occipital horn syndrome (OHS; Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type IX) belongs to the category of the copper metabolism disorders and is at present being investigated biochemically as is Menkes disease. We report a case of OHS in a 34-year-old male, which we believe to be the first Japanese case. He had been noted to have psychomotor retardation since his early childhood and now presents severe psychomotor retardation and muscle atrophy. He shows characteristic facial appearance, hyperelasticity of the skin, joint subluxation and generalized muscular atrophy. Laboratory investigations revealed a low serum copper and ceruloplasmin level as well as intestinal non-absorption of copper. Radiologic imagings showed occipital exostoses and bladder diverticula. The activity of lysyl oxidase, a copper-dependent enzyme involved in cross-link formation in collagen, was decreased in a skin-biopsied specimen. Electronmicroscopic investigation of a muscle biopsy showed irregularity of the myofibrillar network and accumulation of the concentric laminated bodies in the subsarcolemmal regions.
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PMID:[Occipital horn syndrome (Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type IX) with severe psychomotor retardation and muscle atrophy--a first Japanese case]. 168 78

Previous experiments showed that the presence of high levels of acute phase reactants (APR) enhance CCl4-induced liver fibrosis in the rat. A high correlation was found between the degree of fibrosis and alpha 2-macroglobulin of the rat (alpha 2-macrofetoprotein, alpha M-FP) used for monitoring the acute phase response. This acute phase reaction was provoked by epinephrine just before CCl4 treatment was started. In the present study we analyzed the effect of APR by repeating these experiments and estimating liver neutral collagenase with a synthetic substrate and endogenous collagen as a substrate, and liver prolyl-4-hydroxylase. A strong depression of liver collagenase activity was found in rats with a preceding acute phase reaction contrary to the rats that underwent CCl4 treatment only. A high level of alpha M-FP correlated negatively with collagenase activity. Also in vitro alpha M-FP proved to inhibit collagenase activity. Prolyl-4-hydroxylase was increased in the rats during acute phase reaction and correlated highly and positively with alpha M-FP, haptoglobin, and ceruloplasmin. Thus high levels of APR promote development of CCl4-induced fibrosis, partly by anticollagenase activity and partly because of enhancement of prolyl-4-hydroxylase activity. The latter phenomenon can also be explained by the presence of APR, but this has to be proved.
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PMID:Mechanisms by which acute phase proteins enhance development of liver fibrosis: effects on collagenase and prolyl-4-hydroxylase activity in the rat liver. 242 60

Patterns of collagen metabolism were studied in 36 patients with hematogenic vertebral column osteomyelitis simultaneously with evaluation of C-reactive protein, haptoglobin and ceruloplasmin in blood and consideration of the clinico-morphological steps of the disease. Hyperhydroxyprolineuria proved to be a more informative evidence for inflammation in vertebral column as compared with the proteins of acute phase of inflammation importance of hydroxyproline measurement in biological fluids for evaluation of the osteomyelitis development was elevated as the inflammation activity decreased (which was estimated by content of the acute phase proteins).
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PMID:[Biochemical criteria of the inflammatory process in spinal osteomyelitis]. 247 75

In 45 patients suffering from acquired valvular heart disease (a.v.h.d.) and in 20 controls blood serum levels of copper (Cu2+), ceruloplasmin (Clp), hydroxyproline (Hypro), hydroxylisine (Hyliz), collagen-like protein (Col-p), and daily urine excretion of Cu2+, Hypro, Hyliz and glycosamino-glicans (GAG) were determined. The comparison of the obtained mean values has shown that blood serum levels of Cu2+, Clp, Hypro, Hyliz, Col-p in the studied patients were statistically significantly higher than those found in controls, and the values of daily urine excretion of Cu2+, Hypro, Hyliz, GAG behaviour were similar. There were no significant differences between active and inactive processes and between infective and rheumatic endocarditis excluding GAG urine excretion. These elevated collagen degradation products provide evidence for disturbed collagen metabolism and confirm our previous biochemical, histopathological and ultrastructural examinations of connective tissue in patient with a.v.h.d. They also indicate that general collagenopathy might be the primary cause of a.v.h.d.
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PMID:Investigations upon collagen metabolites in blood serum and urine of patients with acquired valvular heart disease. 249 Dec 71


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