Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:1.16.3.1 (ceruloplasmin)
 5,074 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

2 studies, A and B, were conducted to determine the metabolic effects of oral contraceptives (OCs). The subjects were healthy nonsmokers (17 to 27 years old, 1.52 m. to 1.75 m. in height, and 50 kg. to 60 kg. in weight) who were not undergoing any therapy. Controls did not have any previous history of hormonal therapy. In Study A, biochemical data from 17 women who were not on OCs were compared with those of women taking pills containing either 30 ug of ethinyl estradiol (EE) and 150 ug of D. norgestrel (18 women) or 50 ug. of EE and 250 ug. of D. norgestrel (9 women). In Study B, 8 women were studied before and during 3 to 4 cycles of low-dosed OC therapy (30 ug. of EE and 150 ug. of D. norgestrel). In both studies, the 2 oral contraceptive dosage forms had similar metabolic quantitative and qualitative changes: both resulted in an increase in serum concentration of triglycerides (30 to 33%), B-lipoproteins (27 to 29%), and ceruloplasmin (75 to 90%), and a decrease in serum levels of antithrombin 3 (22 to 29%) and ascorbic acid (30 to 42%). Serum cholesterol and phospholipid concentration did not change. The proportion of serum cholesterol carried by a-lipoproteins (high density lipoproteins) did decrease (the change is much smaller than that seen in coronary heart disease) while that carried by B-lipoproteins (or low density and very low density lipoproteins) increased. A significant negative correlation was observed between serum concentrations of ascorbic acid and cholesterol; this is interesting as clinical and experimental evidence suggests that latent ascorbic acid deficiency leads to hypercholesteroleamia, while ascorbic acid supplements reduce plasma cholesterol levels. As 500 mg. daily of ascorbic acid supplements supposedly help maintain normal ascorbic acid levels in blood during OC use, they should perhaps be prescribed to pill users in this study.
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PMID:Metabolic effects of oral contraceptives containing 30 micrograms and 50 micrograms of oestrogen. 23 Apr 11

This study determined whether a reduction in ethinyl estradiol (EE) dosage from 50-30 mcg was associated with any change in biological features of estrogenic effects in the genital tract (karyopyknotic index, ferning, spinnbarkeit, volume, and clarity of cervical mucus) or biochemical effects (ceruloplasmin and sex hormone binding globulin). 11 healthy women (aged 18-25 years) with normal menstrual cycles were studied for 6 months. Alternate subjects took either Eugynon 30 or 50. There was no correlation of the index with time or with the amount of EE in the pill. Cervical mucus could only be obtained in 1/3 of examinations, and they were of low volume. Spinnbarkeit was never greater than 1 cm; no spinnbarkeit could be demonstrated in 7 specimens. Ferning was not seen in any specimen. Cervical mucus did not vary in character by dosage. Mean EE and norgestrel levels were higher in patients on Eugynon 50. Mean SHBG activity and ceruloplasmin level tended to be higher at 6 months, whereas EE and norgestrel levels diminished. The only values between which there were any statistically significant differences were those of unconjugated EE when the 2 different dosage regimes were compared (P .01). The absence of other effects may result from the strong antiestrogenic effects of dl-norgestrel.
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PMID:Some estrogenic effects of two oral contraceptives consisting of norgestrel and two different doses of ethynylestradiol. 57 91

Ceruloplasmin levels were determined enzymatically and immunologically in 8 healthy men and 9 healthy women treated with 1 mcg ethinyl estradiol for 14 days. Concentrations of ceruloplasmin during estrogen administration measured by the p-phenylendiamine oxidase reaction are significantly higher than those determined by the immunological-nephelometric method, because several ceruloplasmin components, mainly C and Do, are included in the enzymatic measurement. The significant sex differences shown by the enzymatic determination can be explained by the presence of C- and D-ceruloplasmins in women, while men have almost exclusively D-ceruloplasmin. Under estrogen medication, the increase occurs primarily in the Do ceruloplasmin component, but women also show and increase in ceruloplasmin C.
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PMID:[The enzymic and immunological determination of coeruloplasmin: sex- and method-dependent differences during the administration of oestrogens (author's transl)]. 81 76

Estrogen effects on plasma iron and ferroxidase activity in some mammals and domestic fowl are studied, to investigate a possible estrogen mechanism on iron through its action on the ferroxidase system. Although estrogen generally induces ceruloplasmin, iron mobilization, characterized by a rise in plasma iron, was evident only in rats and chickens. Gonadotrophin treatment confirmed these results. A decreasing affect on plasma iron was noted in rabbits and guinea-pigs, substantiated by some bibliographical data. Ferroxidase activity increased and a copper-dependent factor was evident in copper injected species. Iron mobilization, however, was produced only in rats and chickens. D-penicillamine treatment considerably lowered ferroxidase activity in rats and suppressed the estradiol increasing plasma iron effect. This response to the copper-chelating drug did not take place in the other species. This phenomenon could be explained by the presence of two copper-dependent ferroxidases (ferroxidase I or ceruloplasmin and ferroxidase II) in rat plasma, as recently published.
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PMID:The serum ferroxidase system and the effect of estrogen on plasma iron. 93 20

The residual androgenic activity of two new combined oral contraceptives (OCs)--30 mcg of ethinyl estradiol in combination with either 150 mg of desogestrel or 75 mcg of gestodene--was investigated in 40 healthy volunteers. Measured in these volunteers were modifications in transport protein levels. These levels are known to be increased by estrogen, but this increase can be counterbalanced, to varying degrees, by gestagens. For both OCs, there was a marked percentage increase in sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), corticosteroid binding globulin (CBG), thyroxine binding globulin (TBG), and ceruloplasmin (CP) and a similar reduction in total testosterone and the free androgen index. The modifications in SHBG, CBG, TBG, and CP are interpreted as an expression of the correlated value of the estrogenicity/gestagenicity ratio of the OCs studied and suggest that these particular formulations have greater estrogenicity. The relatively negligible biological androgenic activity of desogestrel and gestodene and their elevated affinity progesterone receptor/androgen receptor ratio reflect the high selectivity of these agents. Moreover, the lack of androgenic effects makes desogestrel and gestodene appropriate treatment agents for hyperandrogenism.
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PMID:Sex hormone binding globulin, cortisol binding globulin, thyroxine binding globulin, ceruloplasmin: changes in treatment with two oral contraceptives low in oestrogen. 182 29

Sera were sampled from 83 people (pre- and post-menopausal women and men). Climacteric symptoms of 23 women were treated with conjugated estrogen. Sera were sampled serially until the 21st day of estrogen administration. Serum concentrations of 40 protein components were measured by micro single radial immunodiffusion. The serum proteins were classified into 5 types according to changes after menopause and estrogen therapy, respectively. Type 1 (decreased after menopause and increased by estrogen; alpha 1-antitrypsin, alpha 2-HS - glycoprotein, beta 2-glycoprotein III, Gc-globulin, alpha 1-lipoprotein and alpha 2-AP-glycoprotein), type 2 (unchanged and increased; ceruloplasmin), type 3 (increased and decreased; alpha 1-acid glycoprotein, haptoglobin, serum amyloid P-component, Zn-alpha 2-glycoprotein, beta-lipoprotein and C1-components), type 4 (unchanged and decreased; hemopexin, antithrombin III, beta 2-glycoprotein I, prealbumin and retinol-binding-protein), type 5 (unchanged by estrogen; immunoglobulin M (IgM), IgG and others). Estrogen replacement therapy restored pre-menopausal levels of serum proteins, types 1 and 3. However, estrogen therapy was associated with significantly abnormal levels of proteins, types 2 and 4 in post-menopausal women. Serum levels of type 1 proteins and some type 5 proteins (IgM, alpha 1B-glycoprotein, C9-component and alpha 2-macroglobulin) were higher in pre-menopausal women than in men, whereas type 3 proteins were the opposite.
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PMID:Changes in 40 serum proteins of post-menopausal women. 186 40

116 women 21-36 years old, who had been taking oral contraceptives (OC) for at least 1 and 1/2 years and, at the most, for 4 years, were studied. The subjects underwent detailed clinical, biochemical, and immunological tests using samples of their blood sera. Their OC was Neogest consisting of .15 mg levonorgestrel and .03 mg ethinyl estradiol. Prealbumin values were higher than normal .40 g/l ) in 23 of 83 women studied. Alpha-1-antitrypsin values were below normal in 55 and above normal 4.0 g/l in 13 of 114 subjects studied. Alpha-2-macroglobulin was below normal (1.75 g/l) in 18 and above normal 4.20 g/l in 3 women of 67 studied. In 26 women, orosomucoid (alpha-1-glycoprotein) values were below normal (.55 g/l) and in 2 women the values were above normal (1.40 g/l) among 116 women. The ceruloplasmin values were below normal in 2 (.15 g/l) and above normal in 51 women (.60 g/l) of 115 studied. The effect of OCs on these proteins and possible metabolic changes and pathological associations were also addressed. All of these differences were statistically significant (p 0.01). The relationship of deviation from normal was the largest for alpha-1-antitrypsin with a below normal direction (1/1 = .482) and for ceruloplasmin with an above normal direction (1/1 = .440). The main reason of departure was the large number of above normal values in the case of prealbumin and ceruloplasmin and the large number of below normal values for alpha-1-antitrypsin, alpha-2-macroglobulin, and orosomucoid.
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PMID:[Hormonal contraception and levels of selected serum proteins]. 213 7

In order to evaluate the clinical and endocrinological efficacy of 2 low-dose oral contraceptives (OCs) containing 30 mcg ethinyl estradiol (EE) and 150 mcg desogestrel (DG) and 75 mcg gestodene (GD) respectively, an open randomized study was carried out on 34 young, hirsute women, matched for body mass index and age. All met endocrine and ultrasonic criteria for micropolycystic ovary syndrome (MPCO); participants were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 pill groups (n=17 each). The serum values for total testosterone (TT), free testosterone (FT), androstenedione (A), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), dehydroepiandrosterone sulphase (DHEAS), 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17Pg), sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), ceruloplasmin (CP), as well as Ferriman-Gallway Index (FGI), and Free Androgen Index (FAI) were evaluated prior to and after EE-DG and EE-GD 6-cycle treatment. Significant decreases in TT, FT, A, 17PG, DHEA, DHEAS, FGI, and FAI were observed; SHBG and CP increased significantly. There were no significant differences between the 2 OCs. These results seem to indicate the both OCs are equally potent in pharmacological profile and residual androgenic activity. Therefore, these OCs may represent a highly effective and suitable alternative to the treatment of hyperandrogenism related to MPCO.
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PMID:Treatment of hirsutism related to micropolycystic ovary syndrome (MPCO) with two low-dose oestrogen oral contraceptives: a comparative randomized evaluation. 214 12

Estrogen along with progestogen is the most widely used form of contraceptive by women. Its use in any dose, form or route has been shown to increase serum copper and ceruloplasmin levels in humans and rats. However, its effect on plasma zinc levels is not established unequivocally. We demonstrated in female Long-Evans-Hooded rats that 4 weeks after implantation with 17 beta-estradiol their serum copper and ceruloplasmin and brain copper levels increased while hepatic copper levels decreased significantly. Kidney copper levels increased transitorily after 2 weeks but not after 4 weeks. Zinc levels were affected only in the liver of these animals. It may be concluded that estrogen therapy depletes hepatic stores of these elements with abnormal accumulation of copper in the brain. Health implications of these changes need further investigation.
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PMID:Effect of estrogen on serum and tissue levels of copper and zinc. 262 84

Seventeen healthy women received a combination of 0.030 mg of ethinyl estradiol and 0.150 mg of levonorgestrel or a combination of 0.030 mg of ethinyl estradiol and 0.150 mg of desogestrel for 2 years as oral contraception. Serum levels of sex hormone binding globulin, transcortin, ceruloplasmin, and pregnancy-associated protein were measured before contraception, during 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months of treatment, and 2 months after stopping the pill. Oral contraception with both preparations induced a similar, significant rise in both ceruloplasmin and pregnancy-associated protein. Sex hormone binding globulin levels rose significantly with the ethinyl estradiol-desogestrel, but not with the ethinyl estradiol-levonorgestrel combination. Transcortin increased with both preparations, more with the ethinyl estradiol-desogestrel combination.
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PMID:Progestagen-dependent effect on some plasma proteins during oral contraception. 296 33


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