Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:1.16.3.1 (ceruloplasmin)
5,074 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This study determined whether a reduction in ethinyl estradiol (EE) dosage from 50-30 mcg was associated with any change in biological features of estrogenic effects in the genital tract (karyopyknotic index, ferning, spinnbarkeit, volume, and clarity of cervical mucus) or biochemical effects (ceruloplasmin and sex hormone binding globulin). 11 healthy women (aged 18-25 years) with normal menstrual cycles were studied for 6 months. Alternate subjects took either Eugynon 30 or 50. There was no correlation of the index with time or with the amount of EE in the pill. Cervical mucus could only be obtained in 1/3 of examinations, and they were of low volume. Spinnbarkeit was never greater than 1 cm; no spinnbarkeit could be demonstrated in 7 specimens. Ferning was not seen in any specimen. Cervical mucus did not vary in character by dosage. Mean EE and norgestrel levels were higher in patients on Eugynon 50. Mean SHBG activity and ceruloplasmin level tended to be higher at 6 months, whereas EE and norgestrel levels diminished. The only values between which there were any statistically significant differences were those of unconjugated EE when the 2 different dosage regimes were compared (P .01). The absence of other effects may result from the strong antiestrogenic effects of dl-norgestrel.
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PMID:Some estrogenic effects of two oral contraceptives consisting of norgestrel and two different doses of ethynylestradiol. 57 91

12 healthy volunteers attending the family planning clinic at Shanghai, First Maternity and Infant China, Hospital, enrolled in the study, Oral contraceptives (OCs) were prescribed: Marvelon (150 mcg of desogestrel--DSG), Mercilon (150 mcg of DSG), and Microgynon (150 mcg of levonorgestrel--LNG). The patients were divided into 6 groups of 2 persons each in a randomized cross-over study. OCs were taken on day 6 of the cycle up to day 21, then stopping for 7 days. Each OC was used for 3 months. During the pretreatment cycle between days 6 and 9 of the follicular phase and 21 and 22 of the luteal phase a blood sample was taken after fasting for determination of lipids, sex hormone binding globulin (SHGB), ceruloplasmin, and testosterone. After glucose loading, significant increases of glucose and insulin occurred at 1, 2, and 3 hours during treatment with Microgynon only. The ratio for total areas of insulin to glucose did not change significantly nor did glycosilated hemoglobin A1 levels. Serum triglyceride concentrations increased significantly for both Marvelon (27%-43%) and Mercilon (29-40%). Serum high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentrations were significantly elevated with Marvelon but less so with Mercilon, while HDL-C decreased significantly with Microgynon. The serum low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol changes were not significant, but LDL-C concentrations declined with DSG formulations and increased with Microgynon. Apoprotein A1 and A2 increased significantly for both Marvelon and Mercilon. Apoprotein A2 increased with Microgynon. Serum SHBG increased markedly with Marvelon (335-380%). Serum testosterone concentrations decreased significantly (33.2-40.4% with Microgynon) and so did ceruloplasmin values. The antiestrogenic effect of strong LNG in Microgynon produced significant metabolic changes. The effect of 30 mcg EE in Marvelon and 20 mcg EE of Mercilon was equal.
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PMID:A cross-over study of three oral contraceptives containing ethinyloestradiol and either desogestrel or levonorgestrel. 153 80

The residual androgenic activity of two new combined oral contraceptives (OCs)--30 mcg of ethinyl estradiol in combination with either 150 mg of desogestrel or 75 mcg of gestodene--was investigated in 40 healthy volunteers. Measured in these volunteers were modifications in transport protein levels. These levels are known to be increased by estrogen, but this increase can be counterbalanced, to varying degrees, by gestagens. For both OCs, there was a marked percentage increase in sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), corticosteroid binding globulin (CBG), thyroxine binding globulin (TBG), and ceruloplasmin (CP) and a similar reduction in total testosterone and the free androgen index. The modifications in SHBG, CBG, TBG, and CP are interpreted as an expression of the correlated value of the estrogenicity/gestagenicity ratio of the OCs studied and suggest that these particular formulations have greater estrogenicity. The relatively negligible biological androgenic activity of desogestrel and gestodene and their elevated affinity progesterone receptor/androgen receptor ratio reflect the high selectivity of these agents. Moreover, the lack of androgenic effects makes desogestrel and gestodene appropriate treatment agents for hyperandrogenism.
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PMID:Sex hormone binding globulin, cortisol binding globulin, thyroxine binding globulin, ceruloplasmin: changes in treatment with two oral contraceptives low in oestrogen. 182 29

Serum concentrations of sex hormone binding globulin, transcortin, thyroxine binding globulin, transthyretin together with retinol binding protein, ceruloplasmin, transferrin and albumin were measured sequentially in pregnant women in order to derive more definite suppositions relating to the prime function of hormone binding proteins. Thus, the fact that except for transthyretin all other specific hormone binding proteins exhibited appreciable but significantly variable increases would suggest: a) the apparent existence of more complex mechanisms regulating protein metabolism during pregnancy than hitherto postulated (i.e. the general notion of an integrated estrogen influence); b) a major and distinctive role for each of the hormone binding proteins is plausible since alterations in hormonal requirements by the fetus as pregnancy progresses can not be provided by the almost constant transplacental transfer rate of the "free" hormone moiety.
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PMID:Consideration on some hormone binding proteins patterns during pregnancy. 204 64

In order to evaluate the clinical and endocrinological efficacy of 2 low-dose oral contraceptives (OCs) containing 30 mcg ethinyl estradiol (EE) and 150 mcg desogestrel (DG) and 75 mcg gestodene (GD) respectively, an open randomized study was carried out on 34 young, hirsute women, matched for body mass index and age. All met endocrine and ultrasonic criteria for micropolycystic ovary syndrome (MPCO); participants were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 pill groups (n=17 each). The serum values for total testosterone (TT), free testosterone (FT), androstenedione (A), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), dehydroepiandrosterone sulphase (DHEAS), 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17Pg), sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), ceruloplasmin (CP), as well as Ferriman-Gallway Index (FGI), and Free Androgen Index (FAI) were evaluated prior to and after EE-DG and EE-GD 6-cycle treatment. Significant decreases in TT, FT, A, 17PG, DHEA, DHEAS, FGI, and FAI were observed; SHBG and CP increased significantly. There were no significant differences between the 2 OCs. These results seem to indicate the both OCs are equally potent in pharmacological profile and residual androgenic activity. Therefore, these OCs may represent a highly effective and suitable alternative to the treatment of hyperandrogenism related to MPCO.
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PMID:Treatment of hirsutism related to micropolycystic ovary syndrome (MPCO) with two low-dose oestrogen oral contraceptives: a comparative randomized evaluation. 214 12

This study was designed to assess the effects of 2 low-dose oral contraceptives (OCs) on serum lipids and lipoproteins and to compare, at the same 30 mcg estrogen dose, the effects of desogestrel (DG) with those of a new progestin, gestodene (GD). 54 young women, matched for Quetelet's Index, age, diet, alcohol consumption, smoking, and exercise habits, were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 regimens. Serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), cholesterol, total triglycerides (T), and cholesterol (C), apolipoprotein A-1 (Apo A), and Apo B were measured prior to the OC commencement and after 6 cycles of treatment. Sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and ceruloplasmin (CP) were determined as well. LDL-C, Apo A, C, and T increased significantly from baseline values, still remaining within the reference range. Apo B changed proportionally to the LDL-C increase. A rise in HDL-C occurred but it was statistically significant in the EE-DG group only. This result would suggest that the EE-DG combination is more estrogen dominant than the EE-GD combination; however this was not consistent with the increase to a similar extent of SHBG and CP, which reflect the estrogenicity/gestagenicity of the 2 OCs. The disproportionate change between HDL-C and Apo A in only the EE-GD group might reflect some compositional change in HDL particles. There were no significant differences between the 2 formulations for the parameters investigated.
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PMID:Effects of desogestrel and gestodene in low-dose oral contraceptive combinations on lipid and lipoprotein status. A randomized prospective study. 214 13

Serum concentrations of sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), pregnancy associated alpha 2-glycoprotein (alpha 2-PAG), caeruloplasmin (Cp), alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1-At) and transferrin (Tf), unconjugated and total estrone, and unconjugated estradiol-17 beta were measured twice at a 4-5 week interval in 43 cases of early normal pregnancy (gestational weeks 6-19). Significant correlations between estrogen and protein levels in the total material were observed for all proteins except for Tf. However, within 2-week intervals of pregnancy, significant correlations were obtained only in certain intervals between estrogens on one hand and SHBG, Cp and alpha 1-At on the other. Significant correlations between rates of increase of estrogens and of proteins were obtained only at certain occasions for SHBG, Cp, Tf and alpha 1-At. The results indicate that, although estrogens may have a modulatory function in 'steroid-sensitive' protein synthesis, they are probably not the main physiological regulator.
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PMID:Serum levels of estrogens and of five 'steroid sensitive' proteins in early normal pregnancy. 245 29

4 groups, each of 6 healthy volunteer female subjects aged 18-40 years, participated in this study designed to determine the effect of some contraceptive steroids on 2 plasma proteins -- sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and ceruloplasmin (CP). The pills were taken daily for 20 days, starting within the 1st 5 days of the menstrual cycle. There was no significant difference between the groups in the pre-treatment values. In Group LNG150 (150 mcg levonorgestrel), SHBG concentrations decreased, the decrease being statistically significant both in actual concentration and percentage change within 2-3 days of starting treatment. As pill-taking continued, SHBG concentrations declined further, and by the end of the treatment period they were less than half of the pretreatment value. Recovery was slow. In group EE30, LNG150 (ethinylestradiol 30 mcg and levonorgestrel 150 mg), no significant change occurred in SHBG concentrations during treatment. In Group EE35, NET1000 (ethinylestradiol 35 mcg and norethisterone 1000 mcg), SHBG increased, the value on days 2-3 of treatment being significantly higher than pretreatment. A steady state appeared to have been reached by days 7-8 and for the remainder of the treatment period the increase varied from 180-200% of the pretreatment value. The return to pretreatment values was slow. Women in Group EE35, NET600 (ethinylestradiol 35 mcg and norethisterone 600 mcg) also showed a rise in SHBG concentrations, which was greater than that observed in Group EE35, NET1000. In Group LNG150, CP concentrations slowly decreased during pill-taking, but the decrease did not reach statistical significance until days 14-15 of treatment; at this time the concentrations were about 15% lower than pretreatment. Despite stopping treatment, concentrations continued to decrease and were more than 25% lower by day 8 posttreatment. In Group EE30, LNG150, CP concentrations were significantly higher than pretreatment by days 2-3 and values continued to increase to the day of treatment. Women in Groups EE35, NET 1000 and EE35, NET600 showed a similar pattern, but the maximum percentage increase was higher, about 100%, compared to 75% in Group EE30, LNG150. Differences in the responses of ostensibly closely related proteins of hepatic origin, i.e., SHBG and CP, to the OCs demonstrate that neither can be extrapolated to other pharmacodynamic responses.
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PMID:Effect of some oral contraceptives on serum concentrations of sex hormone binding globulin and ceruloplasmin. 249 34

Seventeen healthy women received a combination of 0.030 mg of ethinyl estradiol and 0.150 mg of levonorgestrel or a combination of 0.030 mg of ethinyl estradiol and 0.150 mg of desogestrel for 2 years as oral contraception. Serum levels of sex hormone binding globulin, transcortin, ceruloplasmin, and pregnancy-associated protein were measured before contraception, during 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months of treatment, and 2 months after stopping the pill. Oral contraception with both preparations induced a similar, significant rise in both ceruloplasmin and pregnancy-associated protein. Sex hormone binding globulin levels rose significantly with the ethinyl estradiol-desogestrel, but not with the ethinyl estradiol-levonorgestrel combination. Transcortin increased with both preparations, more with the ethinyl estradiol-desogestrel combination.
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PMID:Progestagen-dependent effect on some plasma proteins during oral contraception. 296 33

We studied the effects on plasma levels of coagulation and fibrinolysis factors of two currently used "sub-50" oral contraceptive preparations (OCs), one containing 750 micrograms lynestrenol and 37.5 micrograms ethinyl estradiol (LYN-EE) and the other containing 150 micrograms levonorgestrel and 30 micrograms ethinyl estradiol (LNG-EE), in groups of about 25 women aged 21 +/- 2 years. After 3 months, plasminogen levels increased in the two experimental groups (LYN-EE and LNG-EE), by 40% and 32%, respectively. This change was positively correlated with changes in ceruloplasmin levels, indicating that an estrogenic effect might be involved. Histidine-rich glycoprotein concentration decreased by 26% and 16%, respectively. Tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) activity increased by 260% and 167%; t-PA antigen decreased by 12% and 18%, and t-PA inhibitor activity decreased by 31% and 32%, respectively. In the coagulation system, in both groups factor XII increased by 47% and 34%, respectively. The main inhibitor of factor XII, C1-inactivator, decreased slightly, but this was significant only in the LNG-EE group. The von Willebrand factor antigen fell by 8% and 9%, whereas factor VIII activity did not change. Antithrombin III antigen decreased by 14% in both groups. Factor IX activity increased by 15% and 21%. The difference in hormonal effects of both preparations was reflected by the increases in sex hormone binding globulin (by 130% and 21%) and ceruloplasmin (by 98% and 51%), indicating that LYN-EE had a more estrogenic potency than LNG-EE. In a control group of 25 matched subjects, who were observed simultaneously, we found no significant changes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Effects of two low-dose oral contraceptives on circulating components of the coagulation and fibrinolytic systems. 310 29


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