Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:1.16.3.1 (ceruloplasmin)
 5,074 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The serum concentrations of the acute phase proteins, C-reactive protein, caeruloplasmin and haptoglobin were significantly higher in children with protein-calorie malnutrition than in age-matched controls, while the concentrations of alpha1 antitrypsin, alpha2 macroglobulin, transferrin and complement component C3 were significantly lower. During rehabilitation and treatment with antibiotics, C-reactive protein disappeared from the serum in most of the patients whilst the levels of caeruloplasmin and haptoglobin returned to normal values. On the other hand the serum concentration of alpha1 antitrypsin, alpha2 macroglobulin, transferrin and C3 showed significant increases. It is suggested that C-reactive protein and haptoglobin may provide useful indices of the presence or absence of infection in children with malnutrition.
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PMID:Acute phase proteins in children with protein-calorie malnutrition. 5 43

Post-embedding immunocytochemical studies on immunoglobulins (Ig) and other serum proteins were carried out on 38 human sural nerve biopsies using the PAP method. In addition to toxic, hereditary, metabolic, dysproteinemic, and vasculitic-neuritic neuropathies, morphologically normal sural nerves were included as controls. The intensity of the immunocytochemical reactions was strong for proteins, such as IgG, the light chains of Igs, and albumin, but weak or absent for others like complement component C3, IgA, ceruloplasmin, and alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT) in normal nerve biopsies and in all pathologic groups. IgG, the light chains of immunoglobulins, and albumin could readily be detected in perineurium, endoneurial interstitium, and blood vessel walls. IgM, C3, and beta-lipoprotein (BLP) were largely confined to the walls of blood vessels and perineurium, thus indicating that they do not penetrate the blood nerve barrier. Only in a few cases, in vasculitic-neuritic and dysproteinemic neuropathies, staining of the endoneurial interstitium for IgM and C3 was observed. Increased staining for the corresponding heavy or light chains was not detected in the endoneurium in any of the neuropathies associated with gammopathy. The results stress that PAP immunocytochemistry is suitable for studying the blood-nerve barrier (BNB) and provides new aspects to the concept of the BNB with respect to the steady state of serum proteins between endoneurial and vascular spaces. It is suggested that, in addition to serum concentration and molecular weight of serum proteins, the permeability of the BNB is influenced by other yet undefined factors.
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PMID:Immunocytochemical studies of serum proteins and immunoglobulins in human sural nerve biopsies. 299 83

IL-6, tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and IL-1 are thought to be the key mediators of the acute phase response although much of the evidence is based on in vitro studies. It is not clear to what extent each of the acute phase proteins are regulated in vivo by each of these cytokines. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of IL-6 treatment in eight patients with cancer on the concentrations of an extensive range of positive and negative acute phase proteins. It was part of a larger investigation to assess the value of IL-6 in the management of chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia. IL-6 was administered by a daily subcutaneous injection for 7 days at a dose level of 1, 3, or 10 micrograms/kg/day. Increases in the positive acute phase proteins, serum amyloid A, C-reactive protein, alpha 1-acid glycoprotein, alpha 1-antichymotrypsin, haptoglobin, alpha 1-antitrypsin, fibrinogen, complement component C3, and caeruloplasmin, were observed, with the greatest incremental changes and fastest responses being seen for C-reactive protein and serum amyloid A protein. The negative acute phase proteins transferrin, transthyretin and retinol binding protein all fell to a nadir within 48-96 h after the first IL-6 injection. Increases in complement component C4 were only found in two patients, which may be related to the increase in circulating TNF-alpha concentrations found only in these patients. This study has therefore shown that IL-6 is capable of causing changes in the majority of acute phase proteins in vivo. Although secondary induction of TNF-alpha was not observed in the majority of patients examined, it is still possible however that other cytokines involved in regulation of the acute phase response, such as IL-1, may have been induced and contributed to the overall response.
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PMID:The acute phase protein response in patients receiving subcutaneous IL-6. 755 93

The availability of the IL-1R antagonist (IL-1ra) has made it possible to assess the specific contributions of IL-1 to the acute phase changes induced by complex mixtures of cytokines. We utilized IL-1ra to define the contribution of IL-1 to the effects of conditioned medium from LPS-stimulated monocytes on production of the positive acute phase proteins C-reactive protein, serum amyloid A, fibrinogen, alpha 1-protease inhibitor, complement component C3, alpha 1-antichymotrypsin, alpha 1-acid glycoprotein, and ceruloplasmin and the negative acute phase proteins albumin and transferrin in Hep 3B cells. Induction of C-reactive protein and serum amyloid A was essentially abolished, induction of complement component C3 and alpha 1-acid glycoprotein was moderately decreased and induction of fibrinogen was enhanced. In contrast, there was no significant effect of IL-1ra on induction by conditioned medium of alpha 1-protease inhibitor, alpha 1-antichymotrypsin, or ceruloplasmin. IL-1ra partially blocked the down-regulatory effects of conditioned medium on both of the negative acute phase proteins we studied--albumin and transferrin. These findings enhance our understanding of the contribution of IL-1 to the acute phase response. In addition, they indicate that IL-1ra in vivo may influence synthesis of both positive and negative acute phase proteins.
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PMID:IL-1 receptor antagonist affects the plasma protein response of Hep 3B cells to conditioned medium from lipopolysaccharide-stimulated monocytes. 768 88

Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine produced in the brain by endogenous microglial cells responding to injury. Levels of IL-1 beta are elevated in several neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease. IL-1 beta, which can act as a mitogen for astrocytes, also elicits the expression and secretion of multiple factors and paracrine 'second messengers' such as other cytokines, nerve growth factor, prostaglandins and nitric oxide that may in turn modulate neuronal and glial responses to injury. Utilizing giant, high-resolution two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, we have sought to more fully define the potential range of protein mediators that are secreted by astrocytes treated with IL-1 beta. In cultured rat astrocytes, we observe dramatic increases in the secretion of eight different protein species after 24 h of treatment with human recombinant IL-1 beta (1 U/ml). Seven of the proteins are also induced by tumor necrosis factor-alpha or basic fibroblast growth factor. Based on immunoprecipitation with specific antisera, we have identified three of these proteins as plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1, ceruloplasmin, and complement component C3. The identities of the other proteins, including the IL-1 beta-specific induction, are currently unknown. Characterization of these downstream modulators of IL-1 beta action complements gene-based approaches and will provide a better understanding of astrocyte responses to injury as well as markers for astrocyte activation in neurodegenerative diseases.
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PMID:Two-dimensional gel analysis of secreted proteins induced by interleukin-1 beta in rat astrocytes. 1157 70

Elastase is a protease released by polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) during the inflammatory process. Since 1987, seminal elastase-inhibitor complex (Ela/alpha1-PI) has been proposed as a marker of male silent genital tract inflammation. Measured by immunoassay in seminal plasma, Ela/alpha1-PI at a cut-off level of > or = 230 microg/l, is useful in the detection of genital tract inflammation. The prevalence of increased seminal Ela/alpha1-PI in infertile men is significantly higher than that observed in fertile men. The Ela/alpha1-PI level is positively correlated with other seminal fluid markers of male genital tract inflammation: reduced semen volume, citric acid, fructose, and increased albumin, complement component C3, caeruloplasmin, immunoglobulins IgG and IgA, and cytokines interleukins-8 and -6. A higher seminal Ela/alpha1-PI level is significantly associated with tubal damage in female partners. After antibiotic therapy, a decrease of Ela/alpha1-PI level is observed. The presence of tubal damage in the partner may negatively affect the response to antibiotic treatment. A higher seminal Ela/alpha1-PI is associated with lower percentage of sperm with single-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and better fertilization rate in in vitro fertilization. Besides infertility, the determination of Ela/alpha1-PI is useful to confirm the presence of prostate and other male accessory gland bacterial inflammation. Screening for PMN Ela/alpha1-PI is easy to perform and reproducible and is a reliable quantitative test for diagnosis and prognosis of silent genital tract inflammation of couples. Moreover, sequential determinations allow the follow-up of inflammation during and after therapy.
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PMID:Semen polymorphonuclear neutrophil leukocyte elastase as a diagnostic and prognostic marker of genital tract inflammation--a review. 1263 42

Wilson's disease (WD) is characterized by excessive accumulation of intracellular copper in liver and extrahepatic tissues, leading to significant oxidative stress and tissue damage. To date, several diagnostic biomarkers for WD such as serum ceruloplasmin, serum or urine copper levels and copper content in liver have been identified. However, these biomarkers may not be convincing for the diagnosis in some WD patients. To identify additional novel diagnostic biomarkers, we compared the serum protein profiles of asymptomatic childhood WD patients (n=20), without neurologic manifestation or liver cirrhosis, with normal controls (n=13). Fourteen spots, five up-regulated and nine down-regulated (>2-fold), were differentially expressed in WD patients in comparison to normal control on 2-DE. Among them, three spots were down-regulated in both male and female WD. MS/MS analysis revealed that the three spots were complement component C3, complement factor B and alpha-2 macroglobulin. By comparative proteome analysis, complement component C3, complement factor B and alpha-2 macroglobulin, which are related to oxidative stress and inflammation, turned out to be good candidates for novel diagnostic biomarkers for early stages of WD.
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PMID:Proteomic analysis of sera of asymptomatic, early-stage patients with Wilson's disease. 2055 97