Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:1.16.3.1 (ceruloplasmin)
5,074 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The copper binding components of serum and potential importance of albumin to copper transport were investigated in adult Nagase analbuminemic and Sprague-Dawley rats of both sexes. There was a sex difference in total plasma copper concentrations, which were 60 and 130% higher than in the parent strain, in male and female Nagase rats, respectively. The higher levels of plasma copper were accounted for by two- and threefold increases in ceruloplasmin, as measured by p-phenylenediamine oxidase activity and copper by atomic absorption after gel chromatography. Other nonalbumin plasma proteins were also present in higher concentrations. Albumin concentrations were one-four-thousandth that of Sprague-Dawley rats, at 15 micrograms/ml (determined by rocket immunoelectrophoresis and comparative Western blotting). The tissue distribution and rate of uptake of intravenously injected 67 Cu(II) were unaffected by the lack of circulating albumin. 67Cu entered the liver of Nagase rats at least as rapidly as in the parent strain and reemerged in the blood on ceruloplasmin at an accelerated rate. The initial binding of 67Cu(II) to plasma components was primarily to transcuprein compared with albumin in the case of Sprague-Dawley rats. In the Nagase rats, the rest of the 67Cu bound primarily to nonalbumin proteins with about the same size as albumin; in Sprague-Dawley rats, it bound primarily to transcuprein. Limited analyses of tissue copper confirmed previous reports showing no striking differences from the parent strain. We conclude that albumin is not critical to the normal distribution and metabolism of copper and that it may serve more as a reservoir for excess plasma copper than as a specific conduit for the delivery of this element to hepatocytes or other cells.
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PMID:Copper transport in the Nagase analbuminemic rat. 807 26

From rat livers labeled in vivo for 30 min with [35S] cys-met, we have isolated two classes of vesicular carriers operating between the Golgi complex and the basolateral (sinusoidal) plasmalemma. The starting preparation is a Golgi light fraction (GLF) isolated by flotation in a discontinuous sucrose density gradient and processed through immunoisolation on magnetic beads coated with an antibody against the last 11 aa. of the pIgA-R tail. GLF and the ensuing subfractions (bound vs nonbound) were lysed, and the lysates processed through immunoprecipitation with anti-pIgA-R and anti-albumin antibodies followed by radioactivity counting, SDS-PAGE, and fluorography. The recovery of newly synthesized pIgA-R was > 90% and the distribution was 90% vs 10% in the bound vs nonbound subfractions, respectively. Albumin radioactivity was recovered to approximately 80%, with 20% and 80% in bound vs nonbound subfractions, respectively. Other proteins studied were: (a) secretory-apolipoprotein-B, prothrombin, C3 component of the complement, and caeruloplasmin; (b) membrane-transferrin receptor, EGR-receptor, asialoglycoprotein receptor, and the glucose transporter. In all the experiments we have performed, the secretory proteins distributed up to 85% in the nonbound subfraction (large secretory vacuoles), whereas the membrane proteins were segregated up to 95% in the bound subfraction (small vesicular carriers). These results suggest that in hepatocytes, membrane and secretory proteins are transported from the Golgi to the basolateral plasmalemma by separate vesicular carriers as in glandular cells capable of constitutive and regulated secretion.
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PMID:Membrane and secretory proteins are transported from the Golgi complex to the sinusoidal plasmalemma of hepatocytes by distinct vesicular carriers. 818 43

Copper (Cu) accumulating bound to metallothionein (MT) in the liver of LEC (Long-Evans with cinnamon-like coat color) rats due to a hereditary metabolic disorder is assumed to lead to acute hepatitis with severe jaundice. The metal was shown to be present in the liver in a form not bound to MT at the beginning of hepatitis after first delivery and lactation. Following this change in the distribution of Cu from MT-bound to non-MT bound form in the liver, changes in the concentrations and distributions of Cu, zinc (Zn) and iron in the plasma and kidneys of LEC rats were also observed. Cu plasma distribution on a gel filtration column by HPLC-ICP revealed that the holo-form of ceruloplasmin (Cp) was present before hepatitis and increased with its development, indicating the availability of Cu for Cp by hepatitis. Cu-binding proteins migrating at the same retention times as those of hepatic Cu-MT and Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD) were detected in plasma during hepatitis. Albumin was largely present in the form of nonmercaptoalbumin, reflecting that the bloodstream was under oxidative stress. A sudden increase in the concentration of Cu in the kidneys occurred with hepatitis, and the metal came to be distributed more to high molecular weight proteins with its development.
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PMID:Changes in copper distribution in the plasma and kidneys of LEC rats following acute hepatitis. 830 90

Serum androgens, estrogens, 'steroid-sensitive proteins', thyroid components, and albumin were measured twice within a 4-5 week interval in 44 cases of early normal pregnancy (gestational weeks 8-18). Positive correlations were found in the total material between dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHAS) and testosterone (T), unconjugated and total estrone, albumin, tetraiodothyronine, and calculated free tetraiodothyronine concentrations and within 2-week intervals between DHAS and T, estradiol-17 beta, and unconjugated and total estrone, and between T and estradiol-17 beta and unconjugated estrone. Positive correlations were also found between the rates of change in DHAS of albumin. No significant association was found between 'steroid-sensitive proteins' and androgens or androgen/estrogen ratios. Women giving birth to girls had significantly higher serum levels of pregnancy-associated alpha 2-macroglobulin, thyroxine-binding globulin, and ceruloplasmin and lower ratios between T and sex hormone binding globulin than women giving birth to boys. The important role of placental aromatization in the metabolism of maternal androgens is well known. Albumin binding and thyroid status may also affect the metabolism of DHAS during pregnancy. The androgen/estrogen balance may be of little importance for the regulation of 'steroid-sensitive' proteins during early pregnancy. The mechanism behind the higher serum levels of pregnancy-associated alpha 2-macroglobulin, thyroxine-binding globulin, and ceruloplasmin in women giving birth to girls remains to be elucidated.
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PMID:Serum levels of androgens and estrogens and 'steroid-sensitive' liver proteins in early human pregnancy: influence on the gender of the offspring. 852 45

Changes in the concentration of some serum acute phase proteins (alpha 1-antitrypsin, alpha 2-macroglobulin, complement C3, haptoglobin, ceruloplasmin, transferrin, albumin and hemopexin), thyroxine-binding globulin, retinol-binding globulin, plasminogen and Gc-globulin are reported in two separate series of Chinese, male schizophrenic patients and healthy controls. In the first series, 41 healthy blood donors and 98 schizophrenic patients in different stages of the disease were investigated. The second series consists of a random sample of 50 acutely ill schizophrenic patients and a second group of healthy subjects. The concentrations of these serum proteins were measured by rocket immunoelectrophoresis in agarose gel. Increased levels of serum alpha 1-antitrypsin, alpha 2-macroglobulin, haptoglobin, ceruloplasmin, and thyroxine-binding globulin were observed in both series of patients when compared to their respective controls. Albumin, transferrin and retinol-binding protein levels were reduced in patients in both series. Hemopexin levels were increased only in the acutely ill patients while complement C3 was decreased in the chronically ill patients. No changes were observed in the Gc-globulin levels of all groups of patients. With the exception of complement C3, the changes observed in the levels of these serum proteins were appropriate for that of an acute phase response.
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PMID:Acute phase proteins in male Chinese schizophrenic patients in Singapore. 895 1

1. The extracellular proteins caeruloplasmin and transferrin have important antioxidant properties by virtue of the fact that they inhibit iron-dependent free radical production, and ensuing damage to cells. 2. Albumin is a plasma protein which can loosely bind iron, but the redox activity of this iron has not been fully investigated. 3. The ability of albumin to bind iron and to prevent iron-dependent lipid peroxidation in vitro was investigated using liposomes and a rat brain homogenate system. 4. The iron-binding capacity of albumin was found to be substantial, and albumin inhibited lipid peroxidation in a concentration-dependent manner in both systems used. 5. This antioxidant property of albumin may be especially important in the plasma of babies born prematurely, in whom transferrin and caeruloplasmin concentrations are often very low, and in whom non-transferrin-bound iron has been detected in the plasma.
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PMID:Iron-binding antioxidant potential of plasma albumin. 948 90

This study compared plasma levels of albumin, transferrin, and ceruloplasmin in well preterm babies (n = 21) with those with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS, n = 13) and chronic lung disease (CLD, n = 13) over the first 28 postnatal days. Plasma lipid peroxidation, total radical trapping capacity (TRAP assay), and iron binding antioxidant capacity were also measured. In RDS and CLD albumin levels were decreased on days 1, 4 and 10; on day 10 albumin was lower in CLD compared to RDS (p < .05). After day 10 the levels were similar in all groups. The transferrin levels showed a similar trend. Ceruloplasmin levels did not differ, except for a higher day 28 level in CLD (p < .05). Albumin levels significantly decreased with increasing FiO2 and duration of oxygen therapy (within patient r = -0.30, p < .05 and r = -0.51, p < .005, respectively). On day 10, increasing oxygen therapy increased plasma lipid peroxidation (r = +0.49, p < .01), which was also significantly related to lower plasma protein levels (r = -0.42, p < .01). Lower plasma albumin and transferrin lowered the TRAP and iron binding antioxidant capacity, respectively (r = +0.36, p < .05, and r = +0.41, p < .005). Prediction of CLD using day 10 albumin levels had a specificity of 94%, but a sensitivity of only 50%. The interaction between oxygen toxicity and high ventilation pressures in immature babies appears to lower plasma proteins by increasing pulmonary permeability. The lower plasma albumin level was not useful in predicting the development of CLD; however, the fall in plasma transferrin and albumin will further decrease the preventive and chain-breaking antioxidant capacity of plasma of these ill babies.
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PMID:Plasma proteins in acute and chronic lung disease of the newborn. 968 Jan 78

Fibrinogen has been included among the risk factors for vascular disease. Fibrinogen belongs with albumin, ceruloplasmin and transferrin to an acute phase protein group in the plasma. Albumin, ceruloplasmin and transferrin are already recognized as natural antioxidants. In the present study we used three different oxygen generating systems in order to test whether fibrinogen is able to act as an antioxidant in an in vitro system. We used 1) pyrogallol auto-oxidation, 2) the reaction catalysed by xanthine oxidase coupled with the reduction of ferricytochrome c and 3) chemiluminescence. We found that in a dose-dependent manner fibrinogen inhibited superoxide generation (pyrogallol and xanthine-xanthine oxidase reactions), ferrous ion oxidation and hydroxyl radical dependent degradation (of deoxyribose). Fibrinogen also inhibited LDL oxidation (copper and azo compound-induced), hydrogen peroxide oxidation and chemiluminescence produced by polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Fibrinogen, albumin, ceruloplasmin and transferrin act as a supplementary antioxidant defense mechanism against oxidative stress arising from inflammatory conditions.
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PMID:Fibrinogen is an efficient antioxidant. 1125 65

1. Autism is a severe neurodevelopmental disorder with potential genetic and environmental etiologies. Recent genetic linkage reports and biochemical analysis of postmortem autistic cerebellum point to Reelin, an important secretory extracellular protein, as being involved in the pathology of autism. 2. We hypothesized that blood levels of Reelin and its isoforms would be altered in autistic twins, and their first degree relatives versus normal controls. 3. We measured blood levels of unprocessed Reelin (410 kDa) and its proteolytic cleavage products (Reelins 330 and 180 kDa) as well as albumin and ceruloplasmin in 28 autistic individuals, their parents (13 fathers, 13 mothers), 6 normal siblings, and 8 normal controls using SDS-PAGE and western blotting. 4. Results indicated significant reductions in 410 kDa Reelin species in autistic twins (-70%, p < 0.01), their fathers (-62%, p < 0.01), their mothers (-72%, p < 0.01), and their phenotypically normal siblings (-70%, p < 0.01) versus controls. Reelin 330 kDa values did not vary significantly from controls. Reelin 180 kDa values for parents (fathers -32% p < 0.05 vs. controls, mothers -34%) declined when compared to controls. In contrast autistic Reelin 180 kDa increased, albeit nonsignificantly versus controls. Albumin and ceruloplasmin values for autistics and their first degree relatives did not vary significantly from controls. There were no significant meaningful correlations between Reelin, albumin and ceruloplasmin levels, age, sex, ADI scores, or age of onset. 5. These results suggest that Reelin 410 deficiency may be a vulnerability factor in the pathology of autism.
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PMID:Reduced blood levels of reelin as a vulnerability factor in pathophysiology of autistic disorder. 1236 96

Antioxidant status was investigated in children with acute bacterial meningitis and encephalitis to investigate the possible role of free radicals in children with meningitis and encephalitis. Our study included 16 children with acute bacterial meningitis, 13 with encephalitis, and 17 control subjects. Serum ceruloplasmin, uric acid, albumin, bilirubin superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) levels were studied in all subjects within 6 h of admission. There was a statistically significant difference between the groups for all parameters except for serum uric acid. All antioxidant activities except for albumin level were increased in the study groups. Albumin level was higher in the control group than those of meningitis and encephalitis groups. When the values of meningitis and encephalitis were compared, there was a statistically significant difference between the groups for serum SOD, GPx, ceruloplasmin, and albumin. In conclusion, our study showed that serum SOD, GPx, catalase, and ceruloplasmin were higher in children with acute bacterial meningitis and serum SOD, GPx, catalase, ceruloplasmin, and total bilirubin levels were increased in children with encephalitis. These findings suggest that antioxidant status was almost similar in both acute bacterial meningitis and encephalitis conditions in childhood.
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PMID:Evaluation of antioxidant status in children with acute bacterial meningitis and encephalitis. 1458 50


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