Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:1.16.3.1 (ceruloplasmin)
 5,074 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The in vitro effects of retinoids on fibrinogen synthesis were investigated in HepG2 cells and primary human hepatocytes. In vivo effects were studied in the rat. In HepG2 cells, maximal stimulation (twofold) of fibrinogen secretion was obtained when cells were incubated in the presence of 1 mumol/L all-trans retinoic acid (T-RA) for 24 hours. A comparable increase was observed for both de novo fibrinogen synthesis and fibrinogen beta chain mRNA level. In primary cultures of human hepatocytes, treatment with 1 mumol/L T-RA for 72 hours also gave a twofold increase in fibrinogen production. Furthermore, rats treated for 6 days with 100 mg.kg-1.d-1 T-RA presented increased fibrinogen plasma levels (110%). A selective retinoic X receptor (RXR) agonist, 4-[1-3,5,5,8,8-pentamethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2-naphthyl)-ethenyl]benzoi c acid (3-methyl TTNEB), as well as 9-cis retinoic acid, a natural RXR ligand, mimicked the effects of T-RA on fibrinogen synthesis in vitro at lower concentrations. In contrast, a selective retinoic A receptor alpha (RAR alpha) agonist was a poor activator. The ED50 of the different retinoids on fibrinogen secretion by HepG2 cells was 25 nmol/L for T-RA, 4 nmol/L for 9-cis retinoic acid, 11 nmol/L for the synthetic RXR agonist, and > 500 nmol/L for the RAR alpha agonist. However, incubation of HepG2 cells with RXR agonist together with RAR alpha agonist resulted in a further increase in fibrinogen production. The secretion of two other acute-phase proteins, alpha-antichymotrypsin and caeruloplasmin, was also stimulated by retinoids in HepG2 cells but by a different regulatory mechanism.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Retinoids stimulate fibrinogen production both in vitro (hepatocytes) and in vivo. Induction requires activation of the retinoid X receptor. 758 41

A modified suppression subtractive hybridization assay was performed to uncover genes induced by all-trans retinoic acid in cultured smooth muscle cells (SMC). Northern blotting studies confirmed the induction of 14 genes, many of which have heretofore been unrecognized as retinoid-inducible. Temporal expression and cycloheximide studies allowed us to categorize these genes as either immediate-early (LOX-1, endolyn, Stoned B/TFIIA alpha/beta-like factor, Src Suppressed C Kinase Substrate, and tissue transglutaminase) or delayed (cathepsin-L, ceruloplasmin, epithelin, importin alpha, alpha(8)-integrin, lactate dehydrogenase B, retinol dehydrogenase, spermidine/spermine N(1)-acetyltransferase, and VCAM-1) retinoid-response genes. A survey of rat tissues showed two of the genes (tissue transglutaminase and alpha(8)-integrin) to be highly restricted to vascular tissue. In situ hybridization verified expression of both tissue transglutaminase and alpha(8)-integrin to SMC in balloon-injured rat carotid artery. These findings unveil a new retinoid-response gene set that should be exploited to define molecular pathways involved in the antagonistic effects of retinoids on SMC growth and neointimal formation.
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PMID:A novel retinoid-response gene set in vascular smooth muscle cells. 1118 Oct 72

The role of commercially available lycopene (all-trans) from tomato in controlling arthritis has been reported. Even though many reports are available that the cis form of lycopene is more biologically active, no report seems to be available on lycopene (cis and trans) isolated from an easily available and culturable sources. In the present study, the anti-arthritic effect of lycopene (cis and trans) from the algae Chlorella marina (AL) has been compared with lycopene (all-trans) from tomato (TL) and indomethacin (Indo). Arthritis (CIA) was developed in male Sprague dawley rats by collagen and the following parameters were studied. The activities of inflammatory marker enzymes like cyclooxygenase (COX), lipoxygenase (LOX) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) were found to be decreased on treatment with AL when compared to TL and Indo. Changes in Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), white blood cell (WBC) count, red blood cells (RBC) count, hemoglobin (Hb), C-reactive protein (CRP), rheumatoid factor (RF), and ceruloplasmin levels observed in the blood of arthritic animals were brought back to normal by AL when compared to TL and Indo. Histopathology of paw and joint tissues showed marked reduction in edema on supplementation of AL. Thus these results indicate the potential beneficiary effect of algal lycopene on collagen induced arthritis in rats when compared to TL and even to the commonly used anti-inflammatory drug indomethacin. Therefore lycopene from C. marina would be recommended as a better natural source with increased activity and without side effects in the treatment of anti-inflammatory diseases.
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PMID:Anti-inflammatory activity of lycopene isolated from Chlorella marina on type II collagen induced arthritis in Sprague Dawley rats. 2323 58

Even though the role of all-trans lycopene from tomato in controlling atherosclerosis was reported, but no report is available on the cis-isomer of lycopene obtained from an easily available source green algae Chlorella marina. So in this study, Sprague Dawley rats fed with high-cholesterol diet were given standard drug lovastatin; algal lycopene (AL) (cis/all-trans 40:60) and tomato all-trans lycopene (TL) and the following parameters were studied. Total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, triglycerides were decreased significantly and the high-density lipoprotein levels were increased on treatment with AL. The activities of antioxidant enzymes catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase were found to be increased, whereas thiobarbituric acid reactive substances levels were decreased in AL when compared to the drug and TL-treated rats. The activities of inflammatory marker enzymes like cyclooxygenase, 15-lipoxygenase in monocytes and myeloperoxidase, C-reactive protein and ceruloplasmin levels in serum were found to be decreased on treatment with AL. Histopathological studies revealed that lycopene from this alga could reduce fatty liver and aortic plaque when compared to the drug and TL. Algal lycopene showed very significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect in high-cholesterol fed rats. Therefore, AL from C. marina would be recommended for the treatment of hyperlipidemia.
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PMID:Effect of lycopene from Chlorella marina on high cholesterol-induced oxidative damage and inflammation in rats. 2388 96