Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:1.16.3.1 (ceruloplasmin)
5,074 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

alpha 2-Macroglobulin, a major acute phase reactant in many species, increases in the Richardson's ground squirrel (Spermophilus richarsonii) during hibernation at the level of both mRNA and protein. To determine if the pattern of liver gene expression known as the acute phase response is elicited as a normal part of the physiological adaptation of hibernation, acute phase reactants were identified in the Richardson's ground squirrel and were then assayed for changes in mRNA expression in the livers of active and hibernating ground squirrels. Our data demonstrate that alpha 1-antitrypsin, alpha 2-macroglobulin, ceruloplasmin, C-reactive protein, and serum amyloid A are acute phase reactants in the Richardson's ground squirrel. Of these, only alpha 2-macroglobulin (alpha 2M) mRNA increases during hibernation, demonstrating that the entire acute phase response is not elicited as a part of the adaptation for hibernation. Alternatively, data from blood clotting assays of serum from active and hibernating animals support a role for the increase in alpha 2M protein during hibernation in decreasing the coagulative properties of the blood.
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PMID:alpha 2-Macroglobulin gene expression during hibernation in ground squirrels is independent of acute phase response. 754 65

Toxic oil syndrome (TOS) was caused by the consumption of rapeseed oil contaminated with derivatives of aniline. Many persons who survived the acute phase developed a puzzling, multi-year chronic disease considered to be inflammatory or autoimmune in nature. In attempting to characterize their autoantibodies, we found that 74% of TOS patients with chronic disease had IgG antibodies to C-reactive protein (CRP). This activity was detectable only when CRP was chemically or physically denatured and behaved like a previously described antibody produced by immunization with the CRP monomer. Significant antibody reactivities to other acute phase proteins, especially alpha 1-antitrypsin and fibrinogen (P < 0.025) and ceruloplasmin (P < 0.05) were also observed. IgG antibodies to cryptic epitopes in CRP and other major serum proteins that increase during the acute phase response may reflect an earlier toxin-mediated insult to the liver that included abnormal biosynthesis of and/or damage to acute phase proteins.
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PMID:Autoantibodies to cryptic epitopes of C-reactive protein and other acute phase proteins in the toxic oil syndrome. 754 4

IL-6, tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and IL-1 are thought to be the key mediators of the acute phase response although much of the evidence is based on in vitro studies. It is not clear to what extent each of the acute phase proteins are regulated in vivo by each of these cytokines. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of IL-6 treatment in eight patients with cancer on the concentrations of an extensive range of positive and negative acute phase proteins. It was part of a larger investigation to assess the value of IL-6 in the management of chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia. IL-6 was administered by a daily subcutaneous injection for 7 days at a dose level of 1, 3, or 10 micrograms/kg/day. Increases in the positive acute phase proteins, serum amyloid A, C-reactive protein, alpha 1-acid glycoprotein, alpha 1-antichymotrypsin, haptoglobin, alpha 1-antitrypsin, fibrinogen, complement component C3, and caeruloplasmin, were observed, with the greatest incremental changes and fastest responses being seen for C-reactive protein and serum amyloid A protein. The negative acute phase proteins transferrin, transthyretin and retinol binding protein all fell to a nadir within 48-96 h after the first IL-6 injection. Increases in complement component C4 were only found in two patients, which may be related to the increase in circulating TNF-alpha concentrations found only in these patients. This study has therefore shown that IL-6 is capable of causing changes in the majority of acute phase proteins in vivo. Although secondary induction of TNF-alpha was not observed in the majority of patients examined, it is still possible however that other cytokines involved in regulation of the acute phase response, such as IL-1, may have been induced and contributed to the overall response.
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PMID:The acute phase protein response in patients receiving subcutaneous IL-6. 755 93

To investigate the potential effects of maternal infection during lactation on breast-milk quantity and composition, we examined low-income Peruvian women who had an acute febrile infection and were exclusively breast-feeding a child from 1 to 6 mo of age (n = 36). Women who were not ill (n = 38) served as controls; all women had body mass indexes (in kg/m2) > 19.5. Blood and milk samples were collected on days 1, 7, and 14 after identification of the episode of illness. C-reactive protein in maternal serum was significantly elevated by infection, whereas two other acute-phase reactants, ceruloplasmin and alpha 2-macroglobulin, showed no change. Serum zinc concentrations were significantly lower in ill women than in women who were not ill, whereas serum copper concentrations were elevated initially in ill women. Serum iron concentrations increased significantly with time, but there was no significant difference between groups. Milk intake, as assessed by 12-h test-weighing, was not affected by the infection. Concentrations of milk total protein, casein, and whey proteins were similar in the two groups and there was no significant effect of illness on milk trace element concentrations. Thus, acute maternal infections during established lactation did not affect milk volume, milk protein, or trace element concentrations, despite expected changes in serum protein and trace element concentrations.
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PMID:Effect of acute maternal infection on quantity and composition of breast milk. 766 Nov 17

The availability of the IL-1R antagonist (IL-1ra) has made it possible to assess the specific contributions of IL-1 to the acute phase changes induced by complex mixtures of cytokines. We utilized IL-1ra to define the contribution of IL-1 to the effects of conditioned medium from LPS-stimulated monocytes on production of the positive acute phase proteins C-reactive protein, serum amyloid A, fibrinogen, alpha 1-protease inhibitor, complement component C3, alpha 1-antichymotrypsin, alpha 1-acid glycoprotein, and ceruloplasmin and the negative acute phase proteins albumin and transferrin in Hep 3B cells. Induction of C-reactive protein and serum amyloid A was essentially abolished, induction of complement component C3 and alpha 1-acid glycoprotein was moderately decreased and induction of fibrinogen was enhanced. In contrast, there was no significant effect of IL-1ra on induction by conditioned medium of alpha 1-protease inhibitor, alpha 1-antichymotrypsin, or ceruloplasmin. IL-1ra partially blocked the down-regulatory effects of conditioned medium on both of the negative acute phase proteins we studied--albumin and transferrin. These findings enhance our understanding of the contribution of IL-1 to the acute phase response. In addition, they indicate that IL-1ra in vivo may influence synthesis of both positive and negative acute phase proteins.
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PMID:IL-1 receptor antagonist affects the plasma protein response of Hep 3B cells to conditioned medium from lipopolysaccharide-stimulated monocytes. 768 88

Serum concentrations of seven acute-phase reactants: albumin, transferrin (Tf), alpha-1-antitrypsin (AIAT), caeruloplasmin (Cp), alpha 2-macroglobulin (alpha 2-MG), haptoglobin (hp) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were determined in 73 subjects with varying severities of homozygous sickle cell (HbSS) disease. Fifty healthy subjects of comparable sex, age and socio-economic class distributions as the HbSS subjects served as controls. Albumin and alpha 2-MG were comparable in all the subject groups. Tf and hp levels were significantly reduced in the HbSS groups relative to the control group. Conversely, AIAT, CRP and CP were significantly elevated. However only Tf and CRP manifested significant correlations with any of the indices of disease severity employed. Transferrin and CRP are suggested as plasma proteins worthy of further evaluation as indicators of severity in homozygous sickle cell disease.
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PMID:Acute phase reactants and severity of homozygous sickle cell disease. 768 69

Recombinant human leukemia inhibitory factor (rhLIF) produced by Escherichia coli was administered subcutaneously (sc) to rhesus monkeys at doses of 2, 10, and 50 micrograms/kg body weight/d for 14 days to assess its biologic activities in vivo. Serum levels of positively regulated acute phase proteins (APP) (C-reactive protein, alpha 1-antitrypsin, haptoglobin, and ceruloplasmin) were increased, whereas the negatively regulated APP prealbumin decreased in response to rhLIF treatment. During the second week of treatment, blood platelet counts began to increase, resulting in a maximum of a twofold increase above normal levels a week after termination of the rhLIF treatment. No changes were seen in total and differential white blood cell counts in blood progenitor levels and in red blood cell numbers. The low- and medium-dose rhLIF treatments were tolerated without significant side effects. The animals treated with the high dose showed a reduction in body weight of approximately 10%. In conclusion, rhLIF was shown to stimulate APP and to increase the number of platelets in circulation in nonhuman primates.
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PMID:Recombinant human leukemia inhibitory factor induces acute phase proteins and raises the blood platelet counts in nonhuman primates. 768 99

The relation of serum glycoproteins and C-reactive protein (CRP) to severity of coronary atherosclerosis was examined in 133 men and 92 women undergoing coronary angiography. The following serum glycoproteins were determined: alpha 1-antitrypsin, alpha 1-acid glycoprotein, alpha 2-macroglobulin, ceruloplasmin, haptoglobin, fibrinogen, C4b binding protein, and lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)]. Sex- and age-adjusted levels of alpha 1-antitrypsin, alpha 1-acid glycoproteins, alpha 2-macroglobulin, ceruloplasmin, Lp(a) and CRP were significantly associated with the severity of coronary atherosclerosis as determined by the Gensini score; these associations remained significant even after adjustment for body-mass index, smoking history, hypertension, and total cholesterol, except for Lp(a) (p = 0.075). These findings suggest that certain serum glycoproteins and CRP can serve as independent indicators for the progression of coronary atherosclerosis.
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PMID:Serum glycoproteins and severity of coronary atherosclerosis. 783 94

40 adult patients were examined: 24 with purulent meningitis and 16 with lymphocytic meningitis. The control group consisted of 100 healthy people. In purulent meningitis patients in the 1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th, 14th and 28th day of the disease, concentrations of the following acute phase proteins were measured in serum: C-reactive protein, alpha 1-antitripsin, alpha 1-orosomucoid, alpha 2-ceruloplasmin, alpha 2-macroglobulin and alpha 2-haptoglobin. In lymphocytic meningitis patients concentrations of the above mentioned acute phase proteins were measured only in the 1st day of the disease. Usefulness of establishing alpha 2-haptoglobin, alpha 1-antitripsin, alpha 2-ceruloplasmin and particularly C-reactive protein concentrations for differential diagnosis of purulent and lymphatic meningitis was proved. Evaluation of C-reactive protein and alpha 1-antitripsin concentration kinetics proved to be fully useful for monitoring of seriousness of the course of purulent meningitis, and together with evaluation of the clinical condition of the patient it can constitute a valuable marker of effectiveness of the disease treatment.
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PMID:[Usefulness of establishing chosen acute phase proteins concentrations in serum and cerebrospinal fluid for differential diagnosis and monitoring of purulent meningitis in adults. I]. 793 20

40 adult patients were examined: 24 with purulent meningitis and 16 with lymphocytic meningitis. In the course of purulent meningitis concentrations of the following acute phase proteins were measured in the cerebrospinal fluid: C-reactive protein, alpha 1-antitripsin, alpha 1-orosomucoid, alpha 2-ceruloplasmin, alpha 2-macroglobulin and alpha 2-haptoglobin in the 1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th, 14th and 28th day of the disease. In lymphocytic meningitis patients concentrations of the above mentioned acute phase proteins were measured only in the 1st day of the disease. Full usefulness of establishing concentrations of all the above mentioned acute phase proteins within the first five days of the purulent meningitis for differential diagnosis of purulent and lymphatic meningitis was proved. Evaluation of concentration kinetics of acute phase proteins in cerebrospinal fluid for monitoring of the course of purulent meningitis is of a limited value.
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PMID:[Usefulness of establishing chosen acute phase proteins concentrations in serum and cerebrospinal fluid for differential diagnosis and monitoring of purulent meningitis in adults. II]. 793 21


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