Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:1.16.3.1 (ceruloplasmin)
 5,074 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Squirrel monkeys were inoculated by the intratracheal inoculation of 700 Klebsiella pneumoniae organisms and developed lobar pneumonia in about 24 h. Characteristic clinical findings were fever, anorexia, and coughing. Laboratory findings included leukocytosis or leukopenia (with the latter more prominent in ultimately fatal infections), bacteremia, and shedding of bacteria into the pharynx. Infected monkeys showed increased plasma lysozyme activity as well as increased plasma ceruloplasmin, haptoglobin and alpha1-antitrypsin. The mortality rate was 60%, and the mean time of death was 50.5 h. Pathologically, the disease spread by means of Kohn's pores and other pathways that generally did not involve airways as a means of dissemination until about 30 h. Squirrel monkeys seem to be better models for human respiratory K. pneumoniae infection than rats or mice.
 ...
PMID:Nonhuman primate model for the study of respiratory Klebsiella pneumoniae infection. 10 26

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a major global infectious disease affecting millions of people annually. Human urinary copper (Cu) content is elevated during UTI caused by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC). UPEC upregulates the expression of Cu efflux genes during clinical UTI in patients as an adaptive response to host-derived Cu. Whether Cu is mobilized to urine as a host response to UTI and its role in protection against UTI remain unresolved. To address these questions, we tested the hypothesis that Cu is a host effector mobilized to urine during UTI to limit bacterial growth. Our results reveal that Cu is mobilized to urine during UTI caused by the major uropathogens Proteus mirabilis and Klebsiella pneumoniae, in addition to UPEC, in humans. Ceruloplasmin, a Cu-containing ferroxidase, is found at higher levels in UTI urine than in healthy control urine and serves as the molecular source of urinary Cu during UTI. Our results demonstrate that ceruloplasmin decreases the bioavailability of iron in urine by a transferrin-dependent mechanism. Experimental UTI with UPEC in nonhuman primates recapitulates the increased urinary Cu content observed during clinical UTI. Furthermore, Cu-deficient mice are highly colonized by UPEC, indicating that Cu is involved in the limiting of bacterial growth within the urinary tract. Collectively, our results indicate that Cu is a host effector that is involved in protection against pathogen colonization of the urinary tract. Because urinary Cu levels are amenable to modulation, augmentation of the Cu-based host defense against UTI represents a novel approach to limiting bacterial colonization during UTI.
 ...
PMID:Copper Is a Host Effector Mobilized to Urine during Urinary Tract Infection To Impair Bacterial Colonization. 2803 Dec 61