Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:1.16.3.1 (ceruloplasmin)
 5,074 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cells isolated from the pronephros of carp were incubated in vitro with the organophosphorus insecticide trichlorfon or dichlorvos, each of which is used in aquaculture to eliminate fish ectoparasites. Dose-dependent suppressive effects were observed in assays for lymphocyte proliferation and myeloid cell respiratory burst activities. Dichlorvos given by bath in vivo did not affect antibody production against Yersinia ruckeri even if the spleen and kidney were obviously contaminated according to acetylcholinesterase activity analysis. Some blood parameters of nonspecific immunity (ceruloplasmin, lysozyme, hemagglutinins) were slightly affected.
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PMID:Effects of organophosphorus insecticides: effects of trichlorfon and dichlorvos on the immune response of carp (Cyprinus carpio). III. In vitro effects on lymphocyte proliferation and phagocytosis and in vivo effects on humoral response. 191 97

The effect of the organochlorine insecticide lindane (gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane) administered intraperitoneally at 10 or 50 mg/kg body wt on some major immune functions of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) was examined. Fish were fed vitamin C as ascorbate-2-polyphosphate at a basal level (60 mg ascorbic acid-(AA)-equivalent/kg of feed) or a high level (2000 mg AA-equivalent/kg) 1 month before lindane exposure and during the whole experiment. The aim of the experiment was to determine whether dietary vitamin C is able to prevent immunosuppression due to lindane. The concentration of ascorbic acid in organs and the circulation was controlled, and the number of lindane residues in whole body was measured by gas chromatography. Nonspecific immune response was investigated through the determination of sera lysozyme and ceruloplasmin; both were significantly modified by lindane exposure while the immediate stimulating effects of vitamin C were observed. Cellular immunity was investigated by determining the number of B lymphocytes (analyzed by cytofluorometry) and their ability to proliferate with mitogens. One month after exposure to lindane (10 mg/kg) the proportion of Ig+ lymphocytes in head kidney was significantly decreased by the insecticide. Higher levels of vitamin C (2000 mg/kg) led to a significant increase in this parameter. Thus, vitamin C had a compensating effect on the number of Ig+ lymphocytes in exposed fish. Lindane at 10 mg/kg decreased the proliferation of B lymphocytes, but this was not confirmed at 50 mg/kg. Vitamin C stimulated the proliferation for the latter concentration after 2 months of intake. In lindane-exposed fish, the PMA-induced chemiluminescent response of head kidney phagocytic cells was variable from one assay to another, while most of the time vitamin C acted as a stimulant. The humoral response to Yersinia ruckeri was not modified by lindane but was significantly increased by vitamin C for 1 month after the antigen injection and thus 2 months after vitamin intake.
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PMID:Effect of lindane exposure on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) immunity. IV. Prevention of nonspecific and specific immunosuppression by dietary vitamin C (ascorbate-2-polyphosphate). 754 39

Multi-copper oxidases (MCOs) are widely distributed in bacteria, where they are responsible for metal homeostasis, acquisition and oxidation. Using specific primers, yacK coding for MCO was amplified from different serotypes of Yersinia enterocolitica biovar 1A. Homology modeling of the protein followed by docking with five well-known substrates for different MCO's (viz., 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid [ABTS], syringaldazine, L-tyrosine, ammonium ferrous sulfate and guaiacol), lignin monomers (Coniferyl alcohol, p-coumaryl alcohol and sinapyl alcohol) and two inhibitors i.e., kojic acid and N-hydroxyglycine was done. The docking gave maximum GoldScore i.e., 91.93 and 72.64 with ammonium ferrous sulfate and ABTS, respectively. Similarly, docking with ICM gave -82.10 and -83.61 docking score, confirming the protein to be true laccase with ferroxidase activity. Further, validation with ammonium ferrous sulfate as substrate gave laccase activity of 0.36Units/L/min. Guaiacol, L-tyrosine, and lignin monomers showed good binding affinity with protein models with GoldScores of 35.89, 41.82, 40.41, 41.12 and 43.10, respectively. The sequence study of all the cloned Yack genes showed serotype specific clade in dendrogram. There was distinct discrimination in the ligand binding affinity of Y. enterocolitica laccase, among strains of same clonal groups, suggesting it as a tool for phylogenetic studies.
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PMID:Molecular modeling and docking of novel laccase from multiple serotype of Yersinia enterocolitica suggests differential and multiple substrate binding. 2483 34