Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:1.16.3.1 (ceruloplasmin)
 5,074 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Normal human melanocytes, unlike malignant melanoma cells, required at least three growth-promoting agents, i.e., phorbol ester for protein kinase C activation and the growth factors basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and insulin, for growth in chemically defined W489 medium. Cell growth was further stimulated by addition of agents that increase intracellular levels of cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) to the medium. Among these agents, the pituitary hormones alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) and follicle-stimulating hormone were the most potent, whereas bacterial toxins, including cholera, tetanus, and pertussis toxin and their subunits either were less mitogenic or gave variable results depending on the culture tested. Medium containing phorbol ester PMA, growth factors bFGF and insulin (or insulin-like growth factor-I), and synthetic alpha-MSH supported melanocyte growth for more than 5 months with doubling times between 5 and 8 days. Two copper-binding proteins, ceruloplasmin and tyrosinase, were mitogenic when added to medium and ceruloplasmic induced a long bi- to tripolar-shape of cells. Addition of 1 mM dibutyryl cAMP to the medium led to the formation of dendrites in all cells, with an average of 28 extensions per cell. Although cell growth was inhibited by dibutyryl cAMP, cells were not terminally differentiated and continued to proliferate. Dendritic melanocytes showed a 2.2-fold increase in activity of the tyrosine kinase pp60c-src. The induction of dendritic processes in melanocytes by dibutyryl cAMP or sodium butyrate was reversible and appears to reflect the expression of the mature melanocytic phenotype in situ.
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PMID:Regulatory factors that determine growth and phenotype of normal human melanocytes. 246 9

Blood and saliva were collected in the autumn and spring from a group of schoolchildren (39 girls, 35 boys) with a mean age of 11.4 years. Serum immunoglobulin IgG, IgA, IgM and IgE, alpha 1-antitrypsin (A 1-AT), alpha 2 macroglobulin (A 2M), transferrin (TRF), ceruloplasmin (CPL), lysozyme (LYS) and pertussis (PE) antibody levels were determined. Calcium (Ca2+) and total serum protein levels were also determined. Secretory IgA (sIgA) and secretory lysozyme (sLYS) levels were assessed in the saliva. A highly significant drop in Ca2+ levels was found in the spring in boys, while in girls there was only a greater scatter of the values. Mean IgG, IgA and IgM values fell significantly in the spring in both sexes, but IgE levels fell significantly only in boys. PE levels rose significantly in the spring in girls. Among the other proteins, all the values rose in boys, except for TRF, whose levels fell. In girls, LYS and TRF levels rose, but all the other values fell. The coefficients of correlation between Ca2+ and the tested proteins showed a significant relationship only for A 2M and PE in girls and only for the total protein level in boys; in boys, the determination coefficient for sIgA and IgM was over 10%. The results do not testify to the existence of a close relationship between blood Ca2+ levels and Ig and other blood protein levels.
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PMID:Seasonal changes in the relationship of blood calcium levels to immunoglobulins and some of the blood proteins in schoolchildren. 650 75