Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:1.14.16.2 (tyrosine hydroxylase)
 14,760 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Important genes have been identified that are associated with susceptibility to schizophrenia. DISC1 is one of these candidate genes. The protein 14-3-3 epsilon is a DISC1-interacting molecule and is associated with axon elongation. The genetically modified 14-3-3 epsilon heterozygous knockout mice are considered to be an animal model of schizophrenia because they present endophenotypes of schizophrenia including working memory impairment. This study investigated the immunohistochemical expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) to reveal the alterations in the functional structure of the axon elongation caused by the deficit of 14-3-3 epsilon. The study focused on the orbitofrontal cortex in the prefrontal cortex which is a region of interest in schizophrenia research. The investigation used eight 15-week-old knockout mice and six age-matched wild-type mice. The TH immunopositive fibers were linear and dense in the wild-type mice. These fibers were serpentine, thin and short in the knockout mice. Although it appeared that dendritic spine-like immunopositive varices were strung tightly in the fibers of wild-type mice, these were few and sparse in those of the of the knockout mice. Quantitative analysis showed a significant decrease in the total extent of the TH-immunopositive fibers in the orbital cortex of the knockout mouse. There is thought to be a dysfunction of a neurotransmitter such as dopamine and noradrenalin in the prefrontal cortex of these knockout mice.
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PMID:Impairment of the tyrosine hydroxylase neuronal network in the orbitofrontal cortex of a genetically modified mouse model of schizophrenia. 2145 26

The tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation proteins (14-3-3) participate in the tumorigenesis and progression of numerous malignances, but their precise prognostic values in breast cancer (BrCa) remain unknown. Here, we investigated the expression profiles and prognostic roles of 14-3-3 isoforms by employing multiple online databases. The transcriptional levels of most 14-3-3 isoforms in BrCa tissues were significantly higher than those in normal tissues. High mRNA expression of 14-3-3 beta/sigma/theta/zeta was significantly associated with poor overall survival (OS) in BrCa patients, while high mRNA expression of 14-3-3 epsilon was notably related to favorable OS. High mRNA expression of 14-3-3 beta/gamma/sigma/theta/zeta was significantly associated with poor relapse-free survival (RFS) in BrCa patients. A high mutation rate of 14-3-3 was determined to be associated with poor clinical outcomes. In addition, 14-3-3 expression was correlated with the infiltration of specific immune cells types. Analysis of the breast-specific protein-protein interaction (PPI) network suggested that 14-3-3 proteins were involved in several potential oncogenic mechanisms in BrCa. Finally, we performed experimentally validated their oncogenic roles in BrCa. Overall, our findings systematically elucidate the expression and distinct prognostic value of 14-3-3 isoforms in BrCa, which may provide potential therapeutic targets and prognostic biomarkers for BrCa.
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PMID:Characterization of the expression and prognostic value of 14-3-3 isoforms in breast cancer. 3305 35