Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:1.12.7.2 (hydrogenase)
 3,522 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The experiences hitherto made and the clinical reports speak for a causal connection between chronic alcohol abuse of pregnant women and an intrauterine fetal lesion, the prognosis of which is not favourable. The feature of the alcohol embryopathy mainly distinguishes itself by prenatal and postnatal disturbances of growth, cerebral lesions, signs of the craniofacial dysmorphism, dysmorphous signs at the extremities and at the skeleton, cardiovascular dysplasias, anomalies at the genitals as well as abnormal furrows of the fingers and atypical dermatoglyphes. Occurrence and degree of severity of the malformation syndrome depend on the quantity of alcohol taken, the duration of the influence of alcohol, the phase of the disease of the mother, the moment of the alcohol exposition during pregnancy and a genetically conditioned different activity of the alcohol hydrogenase. The prophylaxis of the alcohol embryopathy consists in the influence on drinking manners usage as well as in the recommendation of an interruption of pregnancy in severe cases of chronic alcoholism.
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PMID:[Alcoholic embryopathy]. 702 54

Even though alcohol dependence is not often found in the elderly, alcohol consumption and alcohol abuse are both common. As the elderly also often take medication on a regular basis, this group is at particularly high risk for problems resulting from the concurrent use of these substances. Physical changes as a result of the aging process (e.g. reduction of body water, decrease of hepatic blood flow) and alcohol related diseases can influence the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of both ethanol as well as other drugs. Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), acetaldehydede hydrogenase (ALDH) and cytochrome P450 2E1 are the enzymes responsible for the metabolism of ethanol. These enzymes are also the sites of direct pharmacological interaction between ethanol and other drugs, however, altered effects of medication can also be caused by ethanol adding to or reducing the drug's effect. Although some of these effects result from heavy use of alcohol, others can also occur with moderate use. Interactions have most frequently been described for analgetics, psychopharmacologically active drugs, antihistamines, anticoagulants antihypertensive drugs and antibiotics.
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PMID:[Possible interaction between ethanol and drugs and their significance for drug therapy in the elderly]. 1143 25