Gene/Protein
Disease
Symptom
Drug
Enzyme
Compound
Pivot Concepts:
Gene/Protein
Disease
Symptom
Drug
Enzyme
Compound
Target Concepts:
Gene/Protein
Disease
Symptom
Drug
Enzyme
Compound
Query: EC:1.11.1.8 (
thyroid peroxidase
)
3,116
document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)
The etiology of autoimmune thyroid diseases is unclear; however, the extreme female predominance suggests that sex hormones may have a pathogenic role.
2-Methoxyestradiol
(
2-ME
) is present in the serum of women during the ovulatory and luteal phases of the menstrual cycle, and during pregnancy. We investigated the actions of
2-ME
and estrogen on thyroid follicular cells.
2-ME
induced dramatic changes in cell morphology and decreased the viability of the cells, as well as disrupted the structural integrity of cultured thyroid follicles. Flow cytometric analysis showed that
2-ME
halted cell proliferation by arresting the cells in the G2/M cell-cycle compartment. Prolonged exposure to
2-ME
led to apoptosis and to increased release of the autoantigen
thyroid peroxidase
(
TPO
). 17beta-estradiol failed to produce a similar effect even in 40-fold molar excess to
2-ME
. Co-treatment with estrogen receptor antagonists did not alter the
2-ME
effect, indicating that
2-ME
was not operating through a classic nuclear estrogen receptor. In conclusion, this study indicates that
2-ME
induces G2/M cycle arrest, apoptosis and the disruption of thyroid follicles. This process results in the release of thyroid antigens that may play a role in high incidence of thyroid autoantibodies and autoimmune thyroid disease in women.
...
PMID:2-Methoxyestradiol, an endogenous estrogen metabolite, induces thyroid cell apoptosis. 1094 Apr 94
