Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:1.11.1.7 (peroxidase)
65,474 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The serum levels of three major granulocyte proteins were measured in patients with onchocerciasis, bancroftian filariasis and intestinal schistosomiasis and compared to controls from patients with malaria, Africans living in areas not endemic for these infections and healthy Germans. The investigation comprised the determination of the eosinophil granule proteins eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) and eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (EDN/EPX), and the neutrophil/monocyte granule protein myeloperoxidase (MPO). ECP and EDN/EPX levels were found elevated only in the three helminth infections that are associated with eosinophilia, while MPO was found elevated in all tested disease groups. The levels of eosinophil granule proteins observed in the helminth diseases by far exceeded those described for bronchial asthma and atopic dermatitis. ECP, EDN/EPX and MPO serum levels reflect the ongoing disease and are related to functional activity of the respective leukopoetic system. ECP and EDN/EPX appear to be markers of the eosinophil effector system and MPO a marker of the neutrophil and/or monocyte/macrophage effector system. Significantly higher ECP levels in chronic hyperreactive onchodermatitis (sowda) versus generalized onchocerciasis seem to reflect an augmented degree of antigenic stimulation, eosinophil activation and eosinophil turnover rates, indicating a more active mechanism of parasite clearance in sowda patients.
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PMID:Serum levels of eosinophil cationic protein, eosinophil-derived neurotoxin and myeloperoxidase in infections with filariae and schistosomes. 902 85

Any influence of G-CSF on eosinophils is mostly negative, although reports which have studied this relationship are few with varied results. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of G-CSF administration to healthy subjects on eosinophils in peripheral blood. Blood eosinophil counts, serum levels of eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) and eosinophil protein X (EPX), as well as cell morphology were studied. 14 healthy volunteers received 7.5 microg (n = 8) or 10 microg/kg body weight (n = 6) G-CSF daily for six consecutive days. ECP and EPX were assessed by specific RIAs and EPO by a specific FEIA. Cell morphology was examined by electron microscopy. During G-CSF administration, eosinophil counts increased from 0.22 +/- 0.04 x 10(9)/l to 0.61 +/- 0.098 x 10(9)/l (P = 0.001), serum ECP from 12.39 +/- 2.45 microg/l to 61.82 +/- 7.38 microg/l (P = 0.0014), serum EPX from 28.05 +/- 4.54 microg/l to 87.86 +/- 9.84 microg/l (P = 0.002) and serum EPO from 8.89 +/- 2.2 microg/l to 19.98 +/- 5.1 microg/l (P = 0.003). All variables returned gradually to initial values after discontinuation of G-CSF. Distinct changes in the morphology of secondary granules were observed 24 h after G-CSF administration. The granules became irregular and their matrix less electron dense. We conclude that administration of G-CSF to healthy humans increases the number of circulating eosinophils and affects the mobilization of eosinophil granule proteins.
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PMID:Administration of G-CSF to healthy subjects: the effects on eosinophil counts and mobilization of eosinophil granule proteins. 902 10

Airway inflammation is present in asthma and is thought to play a significant part in the development of airflow obstruction. In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), neutrophilic inflammation is present in the airway lumen, whereas the submucosa displays a lymphocytic infiltrate. Less is known about the nature and mechanisms of inflammation in COPD than in asthma. Induced sputum allows noninvasive sampling of respiratory tract secretions from patients and control subjects, allowing characterization of cells and measurement of soluble markers. We exploited this technique in order to compare the presence and quantify specific markers of eosinophil and neutrophil activation in subjects with asthma or COPD, and control subjects. Differential cell counts showed significantly higher neutrophil percentages in the patients with COPD compared with other groups, while patients with asthma had higher numbers of eosinophils. The neutrophil markers myeloperoxidase (MPO), from primary granules in neutrophils, and human neutrophil lipocalin (HNL), released from secondary granules, were elevated in patients with asthma and COPD compared with control subjects but markedly more so in COPD. The difference between COPD and asthma was more marked for HNL than for MPO suggesting that HNL may be a better marker for discriminating between these conditions. Concentrations of the eosinophil granule protein, eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), and the eosinophil granule-derived enzyme, eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) were raised in the patients with asthma and those with COPD.
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PMID:Granulocyte activation markers in induced sputum: comparison between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, and normal subjects. 903 77

The role of glucocorticoids in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is controversial. We have previously described high numbers of neutrophils and high concentrations of the inflammatory cytokines interleukin-8 (IL-8) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and of the cell activation markers eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), eosinophil peroxidase (EPO), myeloperoxidase (MPO), and human neutrophil lipocalin (HNL) in COPD patients as compared with controls, and have postulated that the cytokines TNF-alpha and IL-8 play a role in propagating the inflammatory response in COPD. We have now studied the effects of inhaled and oral glucocorticoids on these inflammatory indices in induced sputum. Initially, we studied the effect of a 2-wk course of inhaled budesonide (800 mg twice daily for 2 wk) in 13 patients with severe COPD (mean FDV1: 35% predicted). There was no clinical benefit in either lung function or symptom scores, and no significant change in the inflammatory indices as measured by total and differential cell counts and concentrations of TNF-alpha eosinophil activation markers ECP and EPO, and neutrophil activation markers MPO and HNL. Because the lack of anti-inflammatory effect might have been due to poor drug delivery as a result of severe airflow limitation, we undertook a study examining the antiinflammatory effect of oral prednisolone (30 mg daily for 2 wk) in patients with COPD and undertook the same measurements in 10 patients with atopic asthma. Sputum eosinophil numbers, ECP, and EPO were significantly reduced in the asthmatic patients but were not modified in COPD. This confirms the clinical impression that inhaled steroids have little antiinflammatory effect, at least in the short term in this group of patients, and suggests that the inflammatory process in COPD is resistant to the antiinflammatory effect of glucocorticoids.
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PMID:Effects of inhaled and oral glucocorticoids on inflammatory indices in asthma and COPD. 903 92

Allergen avoidance is regarded as an important approach to management of atopic asthma. The effect of Intervent bed covering systems on house dust mite (HDM) allergen exposure, asthma symptoms and markers of inflammation was investigated in 31 HDM sensitive asthmatic children. Dust concentrations of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus allergen 1 (Der p 1) were monitored before and after covering the mattress, duvet and pillow with active and placebo covers for 3 months, in a single-blind, cross-over trial. Twice daily peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), daily symptom scores and treatment schedule were recorded. Bronchial hyperresponsiveness was monitored by histamine challenge (provocative concentration of histamine causing a 20% fall in forced expiratory volume in one second (PC20)), and inflammation by measuring eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), eosinophil protein X (EPX), eosinophil peroxidase (EPO), and soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) in serum. There was a significant reduction in Der p 1 when the mattress, duvet and pillow were covered with the active bedding. There was no significant improvement in symptoms of asthma, PEFR, bronchodilator usage of PC20. Also, ECP, EPX, sIL-2R concentrations did not change for either treatment. EPO concentrations were significantly lower in the active compared to the placebo period. The active bed covers reduced retrievable Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus allergen 1 (Der p 1) from the bedding, with short term clinical benefit.
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PMID:Effect of a bed covering system in children with asthma and house dust mite hypersensitivity. 904 33

Evidence has emerged that suggests adverse effects to perioperative homologous blood transfusion are related to the age of the blood products. Recently, time-dependent accumulation of bioactive substances in red cell suspensions, standard platelet concentrates and fresh frozen plasma during storage have been shown. The potential adverse effects of these bioactive substances were analysed in a burn trauma patient. A patient with 40 per cent second and third degree burn trauma without other injuries underwent a two-step transplantation operation. Samples for analyses of histamine, eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), eosinophil protein X (EPX), neutrophil myeloperoxidase (MPO) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) were drawn frequently from the patient before, during and after the operations, and from all transfused red cell, platelet and fresh frozen plasma units. Urine was sampled every hour during the first operation for analyses of ECP and EPX excretion. All analyses were performed by ELISA and RIA methods, and results compared to patient outcome. The patient received a total of 48 and 8 SAGM blood, 6 and 0 platelet and 12 and 4 fresh frozen plasma units at the two operations, respectively. Transfused products contained a total of 64.54 nmol and 17.50 nmol histamine, 115518 ng and 25764 ng ECP, 174457 ng and 38770 ng EPX, 6950915 ng and 1505125 ng MPO, and 14740 pg and 5600 pg IL-6 at the two operations, respectively. The accumulation of the substances in patient plasma correlated to postoperative septic reactions, without any disclosure of bacteraemia after the first operation, while the accumulation at the second operation correlated to the septic reaction and Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. Time-dependent accumulation of bioactive substances in blood products during storage may be related to the development of post-transfusion adverse effects.
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PMID:Bioactive substance accumulation and septic complications in a burn trauma patient: effect of perioperative blood transfusion? 911 12

Eosinophilia in humans is associated with eosinophil infiltration and cardiac localization of eosinophil granule proteins. Eosinophil cationic proteins are responsible for cardiac disease in some patients with eosinophilia. We have investigated the in vitro effect of four eosinophil granule proteins: eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), major basic protein (MBP), eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (EDN) and eosinophil peroxidase (EPO), on mast cells isolated from human cardiac tissue (HHMC). ECP and, to a lesser extent MBP (0.3-3 microM), but not EDN and EPO, stimulated the release of histamine and tryptase from HHMC. This release reaction induced by ECP and MBP was Ca(2+)- and temperature-dependent and was abolished by preincubation with anti-ECP and anti-MBP, respectively. The activation of HHMC by ECP and MBP was abolished by preincubation with 2-deoxy-D-glucose and antimycin A. These data demonstrate that some eosinophil cationic proteins, ECP and MBP, are selective activators of HHMC, thus contributing to the cardiac lesions in patients with eosinophilia.
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PMID:Eosinophil granule proteins are selective activators of human heart mast cells. 913 May 22

Bronchial antigen challenge of sensitized atopic patients with asthma results in an early fall in FEV1, followed in a proportion of patients by a late (4 to 24 hours) fall. The late response is accompanied by an increase in bronchial reactivity, which is widely believed to reflect local influx and degranulation of inflammatory cells, particularly eosinophils, in association with elevated local secretion of cytokines. We hypothesized that the development of a late-phase bronchoconstrictor response and airway eosinophilia after allergen challenge of sensitized atopic patients with asthma is associated with elevated induced sputum concentrations of the eosinophil-active cytokines IL-5 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha. We counted inflammatory leukocytes and measured cytokine concentrations in induced sputum at baseline and 24 hours after inhalational allergen challenge of 15 atopic patients with asthma who had previously demonstrated a late response. We observed significant increases in the numbers of eosinophils and the concentrations of their granule products, eosinophil cationic protein and eosinophil peroxidase. In contrast, the numbers of neutrophils and concentrations of two of their products, myeloperoxidase and human neutrophil lipocalin, did not significantly change. The numbers of sputum eosinophils correlated with the maximal late-phase fall in FEV1. Concentrations of IL-5 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, but not granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, were significantly elevated after allergen challenge. We conclude that the relatively noninvasive technique of induced sputum production can be used to monitor the effect of bronchial provocation on cytokine concentrations in asthma.
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PMID:Late response to allergen is associated with increased concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and IL-5 in induced sputum. 956 18

Bioactive substances in fresh frozen plasma (FFP) are considered to be related to adverse reactions after transfusion, particularly in septic or traumatized patients. Therefore, we analysed the concentration of various bioactive substances (histamine, eosinophil cationic protein, eosinophil protein X, myeloperoxidase and interleukin-6) in 25 u. of thawed FFP from healthy donors. These were compared with donor plasma concentrations of 24 healthy controls. In addition, we analysed the concentration of the bioactive substances, except interleukin-6, in 25 u. of thawed FFP, which were subjected to leucocyte filtration before freezing and storage. Finally, we analysed the substances in 10 leucocyte non-filtered plasma units before freezing and storage, and after thawing, respectively. Before analyses, which were performed by ELISA and RIA methods, these latter samples were sterile filtered through a 0.20-micron filter. Histamine, eosinophil cationic protein, eosinophil protein X and myeloperoxidase concentrations were significantly greater (P < 0.05) in the 25 u. of FFP compared with normal donor plasma. Pre-storage leucocyte filtration reduced concentrations of the bioactive substances in FFP to concentrations comparable with normal donor plasma concentrations. Interleukin-6 was undetectable in all FFP units and in 21 of the 24 control donors. Histamine, eosinophil cationic protein and myeloperoxidase concentrations were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in samples collected from the 10 u. of FFP after freezing and thawing compared with samples collected before freezing. We conclude that fresh frozen plasma prepared by a conventional separation method contains various leucocyte-derived bioactive substances, which may be reduced by pre-storage leucocyte filtration.
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PMID:Leucocyte-derived bioactive substances in fresh frozen plasma. 917 70

Adverse reactions to transfusion of allogeneic blood may depend on content of leucocytes and platelets and on storage-time of the erythrocyte suspensions. Therefore, we studied the efficacy of prestorage leucocyte reduction by filtration on total content and extracellular accumulation of histamine, eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), eosinophil protein X (EPX), myeloperoxidase (MPO), plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in samples obtained from 5 units of SAGM blood, 7 units of plasma-reduced whole-blood and 6 units of whole-blood before and after filtration, respectively. In addition, we analysed supernatants from the same units after storage at +4 degrees C for 0, 21 and 35 d, respectively. The filtration was performed at room temperature within 2-4 h after donation. The substances were analysed by ELISA and RIA methods and we also analysed the donor plasma levels of the same bioactive substances. The total content of histamine, ECP, EPX, and MPO were 10-70-fold higher in all unfiltered erythrocyte products compared to donor plasma concentrations, while PAI-1 content was 15-20-fold higher only in plasma-reduced whole-blood and whole-blood. Prestorage leucocyte filtration significantly reduced the total histamine, ECP, EPX, MPO and PAI-1 content to levels similar to donor plasma levels in plasma-reduced whole-blood and whole-blood, while PAI-1 was still low in filtered SAGM blood. In addition, the levels of extracellular bioactive substances at d 0 after donation and filtration were within the range of concentrations in donor plasma, and there was no time-dependent accumulation during storage for 35 d at +4 degrees C. IL-6 was not detected in either plasma or samples obtained from the blood bags. These results suggest prestorage leucocyte filtration to deplete leucocyte contents to levels, which prevent the previously shown time-dependent accumulation of leucocyte derived bioactive substances in various erythrocyte suspensions. In addition, the PAI-1 results suggest leucocyte filters to reduce the obligatory platelet content in whole-blood products.
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PMID:Leucocyte and platelet-derived bioactive substances in stored blood: effect of prestorage leucocyte filtration. 918 39


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