Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:1.11.1.7 (peroxidase)
65,474 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Serum levels of eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), myeloperoxidase (MPO), tryptase, total IgE and differential blood cell counts were studied in atopic children with: 1) moderate to severe asthma using inhaled steroids and symptom-free for the last 3 weeks (n = 13), 2) mild asthma with sporadic symptoms, using only inhaled beta 2-agonists < 3 times/week (n = 15), 3) acute asthmatic attacks admitted to hospital (n = 12), 4) mild to moderate atopic dermatitis (n = 14). Fifteen children without any history of atopy served as controls. ECP, MPO, tryptase and IgE were measured in serum by radioimmunoassays (RIA). The symptom-free children with inhaled steroids had similar median ECP and MPO values as the controls, 8.0 and 360 micrograms/l, vs. 9.0 and 310 micrograms/l, while both ECP and MPO were significantly (p < 0.001) increased in the symptom-free children without anti-inflammatory treatment, 32 and 887 micrograms/l and in those with acute asthma, 28 and 860 micrograms/l. The children with atopic dermatitis had increased ECP but normal MPO levels, 16.0 and 455 micrograms/l. Tryptase in serum was not measurable in any patient. All groups except the control group had significantly elevated total IgE levels. The results indicate that in atopic children serum ECP is a good marker of ongoing asthma or atopic dermatitis. The normal levels of ECP and MPO in the children with asthma using inhaled steroids seem to reflect successful anti-inflammatory treatment. The increased levels of ECP and MPO in the children with mild asthma and no anti-inflammatory treatment may indirectly reflect airway inflammation.
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PMID:Eosinophil cationic protein, myeloperoxidase and tryptase in children with asthma and atopic dermatitis. 789 29

In order to further evaluate the effects of rGM-CSF on the reconstituting granulopoiesis, plasma and serum levels of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and lactoferrin (LF), as well as serum levels of eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), were monitored daily during a period of 3-4 weeks following ABMT in a group of 22 patients treated with either rGM-CSF (n = 11) or placebo (n = 11). Despite faster increase in the neutrophil counts in the rGM-CSF group, we did not observe any difference either in P-MPO or in P-LF during the period of early engraftment (days 11-19). This finding indicates that the proliferative effect of rGM-CSF on the neutropoiesis may be overestimated when neutrophil counts alone are taken into consideration, and suggests that other mechanisms may have contributed to the increase in the number of circulating neutrophils. The ratio of the serum to plasma level of LF, but not of MPO, was higher in the rGM-CSF group, probably reflecting a specific in vivo neutrophil priming effect. In the rGM-CSF group there was a clear increase of S-ECP during the second and third week post transplant, corresponding to an increase in eosinophil counts, which indicates that rGM-CSF stimulated eosinophil reconstitution without causing excessive activation of the mature eosinophils.
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PMID:The effect of rGM-CSF on neutrophil and eosinophil regeneration after ABMT as monitored by circulating levels of granule proteins. 791 62

Lymph node and skin biopsies from Liberian patients with generalized and localized (sowda) onchocerciasis were studied 12-68 hours after oral administration of ivermectin at a single dose of 150 micrograms/kg body weight. Electron microscopic examination and immunohistochemical staining with antibodies against two different forms of eosinophil cationic protein (ECP EG1, ECP EG2), eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) and cationic leukocyte antigen (CLA) were performed. Following their disappearance from the skin, a large number of microfilariae was found in the regional lymph nodes. The lymph nodes from treated patients had over ten times more eosinophils compared to those from untreated persons with a peak of eosinophil density at 40-48 hours after treatment. Degenerating microfilariae in the lymph nodes were encircled by eosinophils, which showed positive immunostaining for ECP, EPO or CLA. Intra- and extracellular eosinophil granules revealed a great variation in their condition. In some specific granules a variety of structural alterations in the crystalloid cores occurred while in others different stages of deficiency in the matrix electron density were observed. The frequent necrosis of eosinophils in the immediate vicinity and at some distance from the microfilariae, with subsequent release of granules and the deposition of toxic cationic granule proteins onto the microfilarial cuticle during the eosinophil-parasite adherence reaction, demonstrated the function of these proteins in the ivermectin-reinforced killing of microfilariae in lymph nodes.
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PMID:Lymph nodes of onchocerciasis patients after treatment with ivermectin: reaction of eosinophil granulocytes and their cationic granule proteins. 793 67

Human dermal mast cells are capable of releasing cytokines, particularly preformed TNF alpha, upon appropriate stimulation. Mast cell activation in vivo was shown to be associated with an influx and activation of inflammatory cells, initially PMN (polymorphonuclear neutrophilic granulocytes) then eosinophils. In order to learn more about the mechanisms by which TNF alpha is capable of activating eosinophils, in the present study the effect of TNF alpha on morphology and function of highly purified normal eosinophils (> or = 95%) was examined. As estimated by transmission and scanning electron microscopy, TNF alpha-stimulated eosinophils appeared to be strictly adherent and flattened exhibiting a characteristic "hemispheric" shape. TNF alpha induced a dose-dependent, long-lasting production of reactive oxygen species as measured by lucigenin-dependent chemiluminescence (CL), even at a concentration of 0.001 U/ml. The maximal response upon stimulation with TNF alpha, however, was significantly lower than optimal effects induced by IL-5. TNF alpha-induced responses were completely inhibited by cytochalasin B and staurosporin, and partially blocked by pertussis toxin. Separation of eosinophils by discontinuous density gradients revealed the existence of at least two hypodense eosinophil populations with a distinct susceptibility to stimulation with TNF alpha. Based on functional assay systems, in contrast to a significant extracellular, only a small intracellular H2O2 production was detected. Accordingly, H2O2 production, detected by an ultrastructural technique, was observed only on the outer surface of the plasma membrane in the contact zones in between adjacent cells. Extracellular as well as intracellular production of H2O2 was completely inhibited by cytochalasin B. TNF alpha-induced activation of eosinophils is most probably mediated by binding to the 55 kD and the 75 kD TNF-receptor since both receptor molecules could be detected by FACS analysis and immune electron microscopy using receptor-specific antibodies. However, in contrast to its effect on eosinophil oxidative response, TNF alpha did not induce the release of significant concentrations of eosinophil cationic protein or eosinophil peroxidase in supernatants of cytokine-stimulated eosinophils, as detected by functional as well as immunological assay systems. These results clearly indicate that TNF alpha represents a potent eosinophil-activating cytokine which may be of relevance in the allergic inflammatory response.
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PMID:TNF alpha-induced activation of eosinophil oxidative metabolism and morphology--comparison with IL-5. 800 Jul 7

The activity of eosinophils and neutrophils with respect to the release of granule proteins was studied in 11 patients with the hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES). Granulocytes or purified eosinophils were stimulated with serumopsonized Sephadex particles (C3b-induced release), and the released amounts of eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), eosinophils protein-X (EPX) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) were measured by means of specific radioimmunoassays (RIA). Eosinophils obtained from patients with HES released significantly more ECP (P < 0.002) and EPX (P < 0.01) after 20 min of incubation than cells from the control group. The cellular content of ECP and EPX in eosinophils obtained from the patients with HES was significantly reduced to 50% and 62%, respectively, of the content of these granule proteins of eosinophils from the control group. In separated eosinophils light-density eosinophils released more of both ECP and EPX than normal density eosinophils. There was no difference in MPO release between the patients and the control group. We conclude that the eosinophils from patients with HES have an increased propensity to release their granule proteins and the releasability seems to be related to the density of the cells.
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PMID:Releasability of human hypereosinophilic eosinophils is related to the density of the cells. 801 46

Study of eosinophil growth and differentiation has been hampered by the difficulty of obtaining adequate numbers of highly purified eosinophil progenitors or mature eosinophils for analysis. The AML14 myeloid leukemia cell line has the unusual ability to exhibit eosinophilic differentiation in response to stimulation by combinations of the eosinophil-active cytokines interleukin-3 (IL-3), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and IL-5. We now demonstrate that AML14 cells can be stimulated by a combination of these cytokines to produce mRNA encoding all the eosinophil granule proteins, including major basic protein (MBP), eosinophil peroxidase (EPO), eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (EDN), and the Charcot-Leyden crystal (CLC) protein (eosinophil lysophospholipase). The production of the mature proteins was demonstrated by Western blotting, and ultrastructural analysis demonstrated the presence of immature secondary granules in cells that had been induced to differentiate to eosinophils. These findings demonstrate the utility of the AML14 cell line as a model for the study of cytokine induction of eosinophil growth and differentiation.
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PMID:Cytokine induction of granule protein synthesis in an eosinophil-inducible human myeloid cell line, AML14. 802 73

The role of eosinophils in the pathophysiology of atopic diseases, parasitic infestations, neoplasms, and immune deficiency, among other disorders, has been demonstrated in recent years. Among eosinophil constituents we find proteins associated with membranes, cytoplasm, and granules. When the cell is activated, it can release various products, notably the basic granular proteins which have a cytotoxic effect on bronchial epithelial cells, parasite larvae, and tumoral cells: principal basic protein, eosinophil cationic protein, protein X of the eosinophil/eosinophil-derived neurotoxin, and peroxidase derived from the eosinophil. Knowledge of the biological functions of these proteins and of their concentration in different tissues is important because it reflects the role of eosinophils in the production of the histologic and clinical findings of diverse disorders. Moreover, there are now sensitive radioimmunoassays that allow measurement of these substances in different body fluids, such as serum, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, sputum, and nasal lavage fluid. In this sense, the protein most studied has been eosinophil cationic protein, although there also are many publications on the effects of principal basic protein on bronchial epithelium and its concentration in the sputum of asthmatic patients. As regards diagnostic performance, quantitation of the granular proteins can be useful for monitoring the activity of diseases such as bronchial asthma, and it helps to predict which patients may experience a delayed asthmatic reaction after bronchial provocation with and allergen. Finally, increased serum levels of principal basic protein in the last weeks of pregnancy seem to serve as a predictive index of term gestation.
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PMID:[Diagnostic performance of eosinophil protein quantification. Review]. 816 May 72

The priming effect of interleukin-3 (IL-3), interleukin-5 (IL-5), and granulocyte/macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) on eosinophil and neutrophil degranulation was studied. Granulocytes were obtained from normal donors, and degranulation was induced by incubation with serum-opsonized Sephadex particles. The released amounts of eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), eosinophil protein X (EPX), myeloperoxidase (MPO), and lactoferrin (LF) were measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA). The effect of IL-5 was dose- and time-dependent, with a maximal enhancement of ECP and EPX release of 71% (P < 0.03) and 66% (P < 0.03), respectively. Neutrophil degranulation, however, was unaffected. IL-3 was marginally effective, whereas GM-CSF seemed to act as a secretagogue for both eosinophil and neutrophil degranulation. We conclude that IL-5 selectively primes eosinophil degranulation, whereas IL-3 and GM-CSF seem to act as secretagogues for eosinophils and neutrophils. The results indicate that IL-5 may be involved in the priming of eosinophils as observed in patients with asthma and hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES).
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PMID:The influence of IL-3, IL-5, and GM-CSF on normal human eosinophil and neutrophil C3b-induced degranulation. 823 99

To assess the manifestation and location of airway inflammation in smokers with chronic bronchitis (CB) or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), we lavaged the airways of 12 smokers with CB and 11 smokers with COPD and coexisting CB (OCB). For comparison, the airways of 5 asymptomatic smokers (AS) and 10 healthy nonsmokers (HNS) were lavaged. In all cases, the first lavage aliquot, labeled "bronchial lavage" (BL), was processed separately from the four subsequent aliquots, which were combined and labeled "bronchoalveolar lavage" (BAL). The composition of BL and BAL fluids indicate an ongoing inflammatory process in the airways of all three groups of smokers. CB patients with obstruction had significantly lower concentrations of inflammatory cells in the BL and BAL fluids compared with subjects with nonobstructed CB. Furthermore, airway obstruction, indicated by a reduced FEV1, was significantly correlated with the concentrations of glutathione (p < 0.001), myeloperoxidase (MPO; p < 0.01), and eosinophil cationic protein (ECP; p < 0.01) in BAL fluids. Taken together, these findings suggest that the manifestations of inflammation present in the airways of smokers with CB are different in those who have developed obstruction compared with those who have not.
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PMID:Airway inflammation in smokers with nonobstructive and obstructive chronic bronchitis. 823 58

Neutrophil-specific granule deficiency is a disorder of leukocyte maturation associated with decreased levels of mRNA for a distinct subset of granule proteins. Our work indicates that this disorder, previously thought to be limited to the neutrophil lineage, can also include eosinophils. Immunofluorescence staining led to the discovery of a small but distinct population of peripheral white blood cells containing eosinophil peroxidase (EPO). Unlike normal eosinophils, these EPO+ cells do not have large, eosin-staining cytoplasmic granules, and are indistinguishable from granule-deficient neutrophils by light microscopy. The EPO+ cell lineage did resemble the normal eosinophil lineage in its ability to respond dramatically to granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF); the size of the EPO+ peripheral cell population increased approximately 70-fold over baseline in response to GM-CSF administration. The EPO+ cells contained eosinophil Charcot-Leyden crystal protein, but were deficient in three eosinophil-specific granule proteins; neither eosinophil cationic protein, eosinophil-derived neurotoxin, nor major basic protein could be detected in these EPO+ cells, despite the presence of mRNA transcripts for each of the three absent proteins.
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PMID:Neutrophil-specific granule deficiency includes eosinophils. 832 26


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