Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:1.11.1.7 (peroxidase)
65,474 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The immunophenotype of leukaemia cells from 60 patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) was analysed with the APAAP technique using a panel of anti-myeloid and lymphoid associated monoclonal antibodies (McAb). Cells from all cases, including three with negative cytochemical features, were labelled by at least one of the anti-myeloid McAb CD13, anti-myeloperoxidase (anti-Mpo), and/or CD14. The most sensitive marker was CD13, since it was positive in 90% of cases. In two out of three AML cases defined as M0-AML, CD13 was expressed in the cytoplasm but not on the membrane; in these three cases peroxidase (Mpo) was not detected by conventional cytochemistry, but could be demonstrated in all of them using the McAb anti-Mpo. The simultaneous expression of CD14 and CD68 McAb was often confined to the M4 and M5 FAB AML subtypes (92% cases) as compared to the others: M1, M2, M3 (18% cases). Lymphoid antigens were rarely positive (TdT+: 13%, CD7+: 15%, CD19+: 5%) and none of the AML cases were CD3+ or CD10+. By contrast, CD4 was expressed in blasts from 44% of cases and this was not restricted to AML with a monocytic component (M4, M5) but also found in other subtypes. There were no significant differences in the clinical or prognostic features according to the positivity or negativity with TdT and CD4. By contrast, expression of CD7 was associated with refractoriness to the treatment or short complete remission duration, although the number of patients is too small to draw firm conclusions. Our findings support the clinical and diagnostic relevance of immunophenotypic studies in AML.
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PMID:The value of detecting surface and cytoplasmic antigens in acute myeloid leukaemia. 132 89

This study was designed to investigate whether the expression and functional properties of leukocyte adhesion molecules (LeuCAM; CD11/CD18) are altered in human alveolar macrophages (AM) from smokers. Cells were obtained from 38 smokers (S) and 27 nonsmokers (NS) by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). Expression of LeuCAM on freshly isolated cells was studied using a sensitive peroxidase-antiperoxidase method with monoclonal antibodies (mAB) against CD11a, CD11b, CD11c, and CD18. The functional properties of the adhesion molecules were studied by measuring in vitro the binding of AM to the intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) on human umbilical-vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). The influence of LeuCAM on the increased superoxide anion production (O2-) of smoker AM was quantified after blocking the CD18 molecule by a mAB. Compared with nonsmoker AM, significantly more AM from smokers expressed CD11b (p < 0.001), CD11c (p < 0.001), CD18 (p < 0.001), and CD11a (p < 0.004), whereas there was no difference in the expression of other common epitopes of human macrophages such as CD68, CD71, CD45, HLA-DQ, and HLA-DR. The number of AM expressing CD11a, CD11c, and CD18 showed a correlation to the total number of AM obtained by BAL (p < 0.001). Adherence of AM to HUVEC was higher for smoker than for nonsmoker AM (p < 0.05). The increased binding of smoker AM to endothelial cells could be inhibited by treating the HUVEC with a mAB against ICAM-1. The mAB anti-CD18 reduced O2- release from smoker AM by 42 +/- 5% after 120 min.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Increased number of alveolar macrophages expressing adhesion molecules of the leukocyte adhesion molecule family in smoking subjects. Association with cell-binding ability and superoxide anion production. 823 87

The ultrastructural localization of the CD68 antigen, a 110-kd intracellular glycoprotein associated with myeloid cells and with monocytes/macrophages, was investigated in human neutrophil granulocytes by postembedding immunogold staining, using monoclonal antibody KP1. The antigen was found in the primary granules of neutrophils, although not all primary granules were labeled. It was absent from the plasma membrane. In monocytes, it was also detected within cytoplasmic granules, colocalized with lysozyme and myeloperoxidase. This observation confirms and completes results obtained by immunofluorescence and other light-microscopic methods. Moreover this study shows that the CD68 epitope recognized by antibody KP1 is able to resist fixation and embedment and therefore emphasizes the value of using KP1 as a marker for this macrophage-associated molecule.
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PMID:Ultrastructural localization of the CD68 macrophage-associated antigen in human blood neutrophils and monocytes. 171 19

The term "plasmacytoid T-zone cells" has been used to describe distinctive cells that occur in clusters in the paracortex of some reactive lymph nodes. Recently, tumorous proliferations of these cells have been described in several patients with myelomonocytic leukemias. Neither the nature of these cells nor their relationship to myeloid leukemia has been conclusively established. We report the case of a 64-year-old woman with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia who developed lymphadenopathy that proved to be due to tumorous accumulation of plasmacytoid T-zone cells in the interfollicular regions of the lymph nodes. She underwent splenectomy because of symptomatic splenomegaly; the resected spleen also contained aggregates of plasmacytoid T-zone cells, in addition to extramedullary hematopoiesis. On treatment with busulphan and prednisone, the lymphadenopathy resolved and did not recur. The patient died 7 years later with blast transformation of her myelomonocytic leukemia and no recurrence of lymphadenopathy. The aggregates of plasmacytoid T-zone cells were architecturally and cytologically distinct from the leukemic infiltrates of myeloid cells in the spleen, and there was no evidence of differentiation of these cells into myeloid or monocytic cells. A panel of monoclonal antibodies on paraffin sections revealed no lineage-specific T- or B-cell markers (UCHL1-, L26-), and the plasmacytoid cells were positive for CD68 (KP1) and L60 (CD43), as well as faintly positive for 4KB5 (CD45RA) and MB1 (CD45R). They did not stain with antibodies to myeloid lineage antigens CD15, lysozyme, or myeloperoxidase. The combination of clinical, morphologic, and immunologic features of plasmacytoid T-zone cells in this case suggests that these cells may be of monocytic lineage but are not direct precursors of mature monocytic or granulocytic cells, and may not be part of the neoplastic clone in patients with myelomonocytic leukemia.
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PMID:Plasmacytoid T-zone cell proliferation in a patient with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia. Histologic and immunohistologic characterization. 184 25

Using an in vitro expansion and differentiation system for human CD34+ cord blood (CB) progenitor cells, we analyzed the induction and expression kinetics of the granulomonocyte associated lysosomal proteins myeloperoxidase (MPO), lysozyme (LZ), lactoferrin (LF), and macrosialin (CD68). Freshly isolated CD34+ CB cells were negative for LZ and LF, and only small proportions expressed MPO (4% +/- 2%) or CD68 (3% +/- 1%). Culturing of CD34+ cells for 14 days with interleukin (IL)-1, IL-3, IL-6, stem cell factor, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and G-CSF resulted in on average a 1,750-fold amplification of cell number, of which 83% +/- 7% were MPO+. Without addition of GM-CSF and G-CSF, lower increases in total cell numbers (mean, 211-fold) and lower proportions of MPO+ cells (54% +/- 11%) were observed. The proportion of MPO+ cells slightly exceeded but clearly correlated with the proportion of cells positive for the granulomonocyte associated surface molecules CD11b (Mac-1), CD15 (LeX), CD64 (Fc gamma RI) CD66, or CD89 (Fc alpha R). At day 14 MPO+ and LZ+ cells were virtually identical. However, at earlier time points during culture (days 4 and 7), single MPO+ or LZ+ cell populations were also observed, which only later acquired LZ and MPO, respectively. Maturation of cells into the neutrophilic pathway was indicated by the acquisition of MPO, followed by LZ. In contrast, maturation of cells into the monocytic pathway was indicated by the acquisition of LZ followed by MPO and CD14. CD68 was found to be expressed at day 4 by the majority of cells and was not restricted to the granulomonocytic cells, as cells with megakariocytic (CD41+) or erythroid (CD71hi) features were CD68+. LF expression was observed only in GM- plus G-CSF-supplemented cultures, in which only 26% +/- 5% of cells expressed LF by day 14.
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PMID:Granulomonocyte-associated lysosomal protein expression during in vitro expansion and differentiation of CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells. 749 68

Twelve histochemical methods; affinity staining with avidin peroxidase, wheat germ agglutinin, and concavalin-A agglutinin; and an immunohistochemical stain with Kp1 (CD68) antibody were compared for their relative effectiveness in staining canine mast cell tumors. Stains were compared in 28 mast cell tumors and 19 histiocytomas. The effectiveness of the histochemical methods and the lectins decreased as the mast cells became less differentiated. None of the staining methods were positive on histiocytomas. Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) gave positive results in a few cases of mast cell tumors where other histochemical stains were negative. Although avidin peroxidase and Kp1 antibody stained more mast cell tumors than any other method, they did not differ significantly from Luna's method, toluidine blue pH 0.5, toluidine blue pH 4.5, alcian blue pH 2.5, safranin O, Unna's method, and Giemsa. No stain was ideal for the diagnosis of canine mast cell tumors; however, this study suggests that the use of avidin peroxidase, Kp1 antibody, and PAS may give additional information for individual poorly differentiated tumors without substantial increase in time or cost.
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PMID:Canine mast cell tumors: a comparison of staining techniques. 753 14

New technology allows highly sensitive flow cytometric detection and quantitative analysis of intracellular antigens in normal and malignant hemopoietic cells. With this technology, the earliest stages of myeloid and lymphoid differentiation can easily and reliably be identified using antibodies directed against (pro-)myeloperoxidase/MPO, CD22 and CD3 antigens, respectively. Particularly for the analysis of undifferentiated acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) cells, the immunological demonstration of intracellular MPO or its enzymatically inactive proforms is highly relevant, since other myeloid marker molecules such as CD33, CD13, or CDw65 are either not restricted to the granulomonocytic lineage or appear later in differentiation. By combining MPO staining with staining for lactoferrin (LF), undifferentiated cells can be distinguished from the granulomonocytic maturation compartment in bone marrow, since LF is selectively expressed from the myelocyte stage of differentiation onward. The list of informative intracellular antigens to be used in leukemia cell analysis will certainly expand in the near future. One candidate, intracellular CD68, has already been tested by us, and results are presented. Also dealt within this article are surface marker molecules not (as yet) widely used in leukemia cell analysis but with the potential to provide important additional information. Among them are the surface structures CD15, CD15s, CDw65, CD79a (MB-1), CD79b (B29), CD87 (uPA-R), and CD117 (c-kit).
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PMID:Flow cytometric analysis of cell-surface and intracellular antigens in leukemia diagnosis. 753 75

An immunohistochemical study by avidin-biotin-peroxidase was performed on paraffin-embedded and decalcified bone marrow biopsies in 31 acute leukemias (19 myeloid and 12 lymphoblastic). The Ulex Europaeus lectin and 14 antibodies (anti-CD45, -CD34, -myeloperoxidase, -lysozyme, -CD15, -CD68, -carcinoembryonic antigen, -factor VIII-related antigen, BNH9, anti-CD45RO, -CD3, -CD20, DBB42 and DBA44) were tested. All acute myeloid leukemias from M0 to M5 type were stained by either the anti-myeloperoxidase or anti-lysozyme antibodies. CD68, CD15 and the carcinoembryonic antigen were respectively expressed in 80%, 40% and 20% of myeloid leukemias from M1 to M5 type. The Ulex Europaeus lectin and the anti-factor VIII-related antigen antibody stained only the M7 leukemia and the anti-CD3 antibody stained only the T acute lymphoblastic leukemia. DBB42 was expressed by 63% of B-lineage lymphoblastic leukemias and CD20 by 36%. No leukemia was stained by DBA44. Immunohistochemistry on bone marrow biopsy can assess the lineage of most acute leukemias with the use of a panel of antibodies such as the anti-myeloperoxidase, -lysozyme, -CD68, -CD20, DBB42, -CD3, BNH9, anti-factor VIII-related antigen antibodies and the Ulex Europaeus lectin.
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PMID:[Immunohistochemical characterization of acute leukemia. Study of 31 bone marrow biopsies]. 753 64

An immunohistochemical method for assessing the level of tumour necrosis factor-alpha in alveolar macrophages obtained by brochoalveolar lavage is described. Cytospins of mixed populations of lung cells were incubated first with a monoclonal antibody to CD68 and then with a specific peroxidase-labelled second antibody in a two-step reaction for the detection of the macrophage marker CD68. A second similarly based two-step reaction for the detection of tumour necrosis factor-alpha followed. Both reactions were visualized, on completion, using different coloured peroxidase substrates which produced a third colour in the event of dual deposition of the substrates. Dual substrate deposition was indicative of alveolar macrophages positive for tumour necrosis factor-alpha. This method has provided a specific and reproducible semi-quantitative test for the presence of tumour necrosis factor-alpha in human activated alveolar macrophages, which can be performed retrospectively on clinical material. A range of concentrations of the cytokine has been demonstrated in individual samples. This dual detection method has the potential for detection of any cell-associated protein product by minor modification of the described method.
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PMID:An immunohistochemical method for the detection of tumour necrosis factor alpha in cytospins of human bronchoalveolar lavage cells. 755 99

CD68 molecules are heavily glycosylated lysosomal membrane constituents of unknown function with strong expression in monocytes and macrophages. Using flow cytometry, we quantified expression levels of CD68 molecules in normal and malignant haemopoietic cells. CD68 molecules are intensely expressed in the cytoplasm and weakly on the surface of mature CD14+ monocytes. CD68 expression seems to start very early during granulomonopoietic differentiation. Virtually all myeloperoxidase (MPO)+ bone marrow cells coexpress CD68 and similar proportions of CD34+ progenitor cells weakly express CD68 or MPO molecules. During further differentiation, CD68 expression is strongly up-regulated in early MPO+ precursor cells which lack lactoferrin (LF) and CD14 molecules. Compared to these, more mature MPO+LF+ bone marrow and peripheral blood granulocytes express considerable lower levels of CD68. In-line with this broad expression, all investigated acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) cases, classified as FAB M1-M5, were CD68 positive, and compared to normal CD34+ bone marrow cells. CD34+ AML blast cells expressed increased levels. CD68 expression is, however, not restricted to cells of myeloid origin, because a subset (40 +/- 15%, n = 6) of CD19+ peripheral blood B-lymphocytes and 50% of B-ALL are also weakly positive. In contrast, normal CD3+ lymphocytes lack (< 3%, n = 6) CD68 and only low proportions (6 +/- 3%, n = 6) of CD56+ NK cells are CD68+. Also, all investigated T-ALL cases (n = 6) lacked CD68.
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PMID:Flow cytometric analysis of intracellular CD68 molecule expression in normal and malignant haemopoiesis. 766 55


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