Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:1.11.1.7 (peroxidase)
65,474 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Spinal ganglion cells innervating the stomach of the rat were demonstrated using the somatopetal horseradish peroxidase (HRP) transport technique. After injection of the tracer into the anterior wall of the stomach, labelled neurons were observed bilaterally within spinal ganglia T4--L1. They were most numerous in ganglia T8--T10. No clear evidence of somatotopic organization of the labelled cells was found. Most of the cells measured 35--40 micrometer in diameter. There was a striking paucity of cells smaller than 30 micrometer. The predominance of medium-sized spinal ganglion cells may indicate that the stomach is innervated mainly by small myelinated rather than unmyelinated splanchnic afferent fibers.
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PMID:Spinal ganglion cells innervating the stomach of the rat as demonstrated by somatopetal transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP). 8 92

The location of the cells of origin and the projection areas of descending fibre tracts of the spinal cord lateral columns were examined in rats. Unilateral micro-transections of subpopulations of lateral column fibres, at C2 or T10, with subsequent application of horseradish peroxidase to the severed axons, allowed identification, by retrograde labelling, of those cell groups projecting to the spinal cord through the lateral columns. Additionally, the pattern of fibre and preterminal degeneration below the level of transection was examined using the Fink-Heimer silver impregnation technique. The largest number of labelled cells was observed in the ventral portion of nucleus gigantocellularis, projecting ipsilaterally through both the anterolateral (AL) and dorsolateral (DL) columns. Labelled cells were observed in the dorsal portion of the lateral vestibular nucleus (lv) following a T10 transection, and throughout the necleus following a C2 transection. Protein marker was observed in the large Deiters' cells of the lv, ipsilaterally. Also following an AL, but not a DL, column transection, retrograde labelled cells occurred throughout necleus reticularis pontis oralis (rpoo), bilaterally. At the border of rpoo and the lateral lemniscus, a discrete group of labelled cells was observed bilaterally following a DL column transection. This group of reticulospinal cells was located in a position similar to that of the A7 cell group reported in histofluorescence studies. The most extensive group of labelled cells following a DL column transection occurred in the magnocellular portion of the contralateral red nucleus. Although lavelled cells were observed in the red nucleus following either a C2 or T10 DL column transection, labelled cells were more numbeous and extended further rostrally and dorsally, following a high cervical transection. Labelled cells in nucleus raphe magnus were also more numerous following a DL column transection. Additional groups of labelled cells were seen following both an AL or DL column transection. These groups included necleus subcoeruleus ipsilaterally, and nucleus reticularis ventralis and the nucleus of the tract of spinal V, bilaterally. Labelled cells were observed as far forwards as the hypothalamus, occurring predominantly in the paraventricular nucleus, ipsilaterally. A few labelled cells were observed in the lateral hypothalamus. Some cell groups were labelled only after a C2 transection. These included the interstitial nucleus of Cajal, ipsilaterally, the descending vestibular necleus and the deep layers of the superior colliculus, contralaterally, and the central grey matter and nucleus raphe pallidus. Fibre and preterminal degeneration resulting from unilateral AL or DL column transection was examined. Following an AL column transection degeneration was most intense in the ipsilateral laminae V, VI and VII...
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PMID:Descending tracts of the lateral columns of the rat spinal cord: a study using the horseradish peroxidase and silver impregnation techniques. 8 11

The segmental distribution of sympathetic preganglionic neurons in the rabbit spinal cord that project to the stellate or the superior cervical ganglion was determined using retrograde tracing with cholera toxin B subunit from the stellate ganglion and wheat germ agglutinin-apo-horseradish peroxidase-gold from the superior cervical ganglion. Sympathetic preganglionic neurons that projected to the stellate ganglion were located in spinal segments T1 to T10. Sympathetic preganglionic neurons projecting to the superior cervical ganglion were found in segments T1 to T8. Both types of neuron had somata that were elongated in the rostrocaudal direction, and dendrites that were mainly confined to the intermediolateral cell column. Almost 95% of the neurons supplying the superior cervical ganglion had axons that passed through the stellate ganglion.
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PMID:Sympathetic preganglionic neurons in rabbit spinal cord that project to the stellate or the superior cervical ganglion. 160 92

The sensory innervations of the ureter in the dog were studied using the anterograde and retrograde axonal transport of wheat germ agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase conjugates (WGA-HRP). Following upper ureteral injections, labeled cells were observed in the ipsilateral T7-L3 spinal ganglia to the injection site, with the greatest concentration at the T12-L2 levels. And labeled cells were seen in the contralateral T7--L3 spinal ganglia to the injection site with the greatest concentration at the T10 and L3 ganglia. Lower ureter injections resulted in the labeling of ipsilateral T11-Co1 and contralateral T9-Co1 spinal ganglia, with highest concentration at the ipsilateral L3 and S2 levels. Following thoracic and lumbar spinal ganglia T12, L1-L3 injections labeled fibers bundles were observed in the adventitia of the upper and lower ureter. Some labeled fibers were bifurcated from these bundles and passed through the two layers of the smooth muscles. In tunica submucosa and tunica propria mucosae, many labeled fibers were observed. A few labeled fibers were seen in the epithelium. After injections into the sacral and coccygeal spinal ganglia S1-Co1, labeled fibers were not observed in the upper ureter. Course and distribution of labeled fibers in the lower ureter were similar to those of the case in which injection was done into the thoracic and lumbar spinal ganglia.
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PMID:[An experimental study of sensory innervation of the ureter in the dog using wheat germ agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase conjugates]. 168

The origin of the canine ovarian sensory and sympathetic nerves was studied by applying horseradish peroxidase (HRP) or wheat germ agglutinin conjugated to HRP (WGA-HRP) to the ovarian stroma and into the ovarian bursa. HRP/WGA-HRP positive neurons were found bilaterally in the dorsal root ganglia of T10 to L4 segment with the majority located in T13 to L2. In sympathetic paravertebral ganglia, labeled neurons were distributed bilaterally in ganglia from T11 to L4 with the majorities located in segments T13 to L2. Both distributions show ipsilateral predominance. Labeled prevertebral neurons were mainly located in the aorticorenal ganglion, ovarian ganglia and caudal mesenteric ganglion. No labeled neurons were found in the dorsal motor nucleus of vagus, nodose ganglia or sacral segment from S1 to S3. This study provides the possible morphological basis of electro-acupuncture concerning the somato-visceral reflex of the ovary.
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PMID:The ovarian innervation in the dog: a preliminary study for the base for electro-acupuncture. 172 Jul 97

The sensory innervation of the postpharyngeal foregut was investigated by injecting the enzyme horseradish peroxidase (HRP) into the walls of the esophagus, stomach, or duodenum. The transported HRP was identified histochemically, labeled neurons in the spinal and vagal ganglia were counted, and the results were plotted using an SAS statistical program. The spinal sensory fields of each viscus were defined using three determinations: craniocaudal extent, principal innervation field, and peak innervation field. The data revealed that innervation fields are craniocaudally extensive, the sensory field of each viscus overlaps significantly with its neighbor, yet each viscus can be characterized by a field of peak innervation density. Craniocaudal innervation of the esophagus spans as many as 22-23 paired spinal ganglia (C1-L2). There are two peak innervation fields for the cervical (C2-C6 and T2-T4) and for the thoracic (T2-T4 and T8-T12) sectors of the esophagus. The sensory innervation of the stomach extends craniocaudally over as many as 25 paired spinal ganglia (C2-L5). The peak innervation field of the stomach spans a large area comprising the cranial, middle, and the immediately adjoining caudal thoracic ganglia (T2-T10). The duodenum is innervated craniocaudally by as many as 15 paired thoracolumbar ganglia (T2-L3). Peak innervation originates in the middle and caudal thoracic ganglia and cranial lumbar (T6-L1) ganglia. There is a recognizable viscerotopic organization in the sensory innervation of the postpharyngeal foregut; successively more caudal sectors of this region of the alimentary canal are supplied with sensory fibers from successively more caudal spinal dorsal root ganglia. Vagal afferent innervation of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum is bilateral and originates predominantly, but not exclusively, from vast numbers of neurons in the nodose (distal) ganglia. The esophagus is innervated bilaterally and more abundantly by jugular (proximal) ganglia neurons than is either the stomach or duodenum. The physiological significance of the findings are discussed in relation to the phenomena of visceral pain and referred pain.
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PMID:Sensory innervation of the canine esophagus, stomach, and duodenum. 175 92

Subsets of T- and B-lymphocytes were immunophenotyped in frozen thyroid tissues from 20 patients with Graves' disease by using the avidin-biotin-complex peroxidase method. A panel of B- and T-cell monoclonal antibodies were employed to detect the subsets of T cells, activated T cells, natural killer cells and B cells. Serum thyroglobulin and microsomal antibodies were also measured simultaneously from both the thyroid vein and the peripheral vein in 9 patients. The quantitative results found that an almost equal ratio of lymphocytes stained positively for Leu 3a (CD4) and T8 (CD8) in almost all specimens. Activated lymphocytes expressing T9, T10, and Tac (CD25) were sporadically noted in the interstitial areas. The lymphoid aggregates and follicles were B cell clusters. Natural killer cells appear to play an insignificant role in Graves' disease. The thyroid epithelial cells expressed HLA-DR (Ia+) and HLA-ABC, suggesting a possible localized immune reaction between antigen-presenting thyroid epithelial cells and lymphocytes. The titers of serum thyroglobulin and microsomal antibodies from either the thyroid vein or the peripheral vein showed no definite correlation with the lymphoid distribution of the thyroid tissues, implying that the in situ or local immunologic reaction may not reflect the status of systemic antibody production. The immunologic mechanism and pathogenesis of Graves' disease is reviewed and discussed.
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PMID:Subpopulations of intrathyroidal lymphocytes in Graves' disease. 197 19

A complete gap of 3-4 mm was surgically created in the spinal cord of adult rats between the T8-T10 vertebral level, filled with a collagen matrix and closed with sutures. Animals were killed at weekly intervals from 14 to 42 days postimplantation. The collagen implant (CI) was evaluated for ingrowth of blood vessels and neurites using light and electron microscopic techniques. At 42 days postimplantation, 3 CI animals underwent a transection at the rostro-caudal center of the CI followed by placement of horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-impregnated filter paper between the cut ends. The number and location of HRP-labeled cells in CI animals were compared to normal animals that received a spinal cord transection at the T9 vertebral level immediately followed by placement of HRP between the cut stumps of spinal cord. Connective tissue (CT) septae, neurites and blood vessels invaded the CI from adjacent spinal neuropil and surrounding CT capsule. CI animals revealed HRP-labeled cells in the intermediolateral cell column (IML), parabrachial nuclei, locus coeruleus and red nucleus with a preponderance of labeled cells found in the IML rostral to the CI. In contrast, no IML were labeled in thoracic spinal cord rostral to HRP implantation in control animals. It was concluded that the above brainstem nuclei, which normally project axons into spinal cord, are capable of extending their severed axons into the CI following spinal cord injury and that uninjured IML cells also sprout axons into the CI.
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PMID:Evaluation of blood vessel and neurite growth into a collagen matrix placed within a surgically created gap in rat spinal cord. 233 20

Transferrin (Tf) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) were labeled with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and 125I, respectively. To determine whether two simultaneously incubated ligands are conveyed by the same population of endosomal vesicles in human colon carcinoma cells (HT-29), we used an analysis system derived from the cross-fire method for quantitation of autoradiographic data. This system permitted the collection of data and the statistical calculations required by the double labeling of the cells. HRP-labeled Tf organelles were chosen as reference structures of the endosomal apparatus and taken as the conventional source of the radiolabeling. Our data established from the co-localization hypothesis strongly suggest that after a 30-sec (T 1/2) and a 10-min (T10) internalization at 37 degrees C, VIP and Tf share in major part the same endocytic pathway and even the recycling route to the cell surface. At T10, most of the radiolabeling was located inside the tubulovesicular network, and we also detected slight radiolabeling inside the vesicles recycling Tf. The number of double-labeled endosomes involved in ligand traffic were advantageously observed with our computer-assisted analysis system.
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PMID:Computer analysis of double labeling: ultrastructural distribution of vasoactive intestinal peptide and transferrin in human colon cancer cells. 238 84

Afferent and sympathetic postganglionic nerve cell bodies projecting in the splenic nerve of the cat have been labeled retrogradely with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in order to study numbers and locations of these neurons. Labeled somata were found bilaterally in dorsal root and sympathetic paravertebral ganglia T3-L2 with a maximum in T10-T13 and in the coeliac superior mesenteric ganglion complex. About 13,200 neurons project into the splenic nerve of the cat, 12,550 being postganglionic and 650 afferent. About 98% of the postganglionic neurons were located in prevertebral and 2% in paravertebral sympathetic ganglia. About 73% of the afferent and 66% of the postganglionic paravertebral neurons were located on the left side. The density of the splenic innervation is about 3-4 times higher than that of the kidneys when normalized to the weight of both organs. It is discussed whether the afferent and sympathetic innervation of the spleen is not only involved in cardiovascular functions but also in regulation of the immune response of this organ.
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PMID:Sympathetic and afferent neurons projecting in the splenic nerve of the cat. 246 12


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