Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:1.11.1.7 (peroxidase)
65,474 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Paired human saliva and serum samples from 60 individuals were tested for specific IgA and IgG antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii. The study in both fluids was carried out by indirect immunoenzymatic assay (ELISA). Saline antigenic extract of T. gondii was used to coat plastic surfaces upon which the samples were then incubated; monospecific conjugates of anti-IgA and anti-IgG-peroxidase were then incubated with the samples after a washing procedure to separate the unbound antibodies. The enzymatic activity was measured and the results expressed in terms of ELISA index. Toxoplasma-specific IgG antibodies were detected in 43 of the serum samples (71.7%) and in 12 of the saliva samples (20.0%) whereas Toxoplasma-specific IgA antibodies were detected in 18 of the serum samples (30.0%) and in 12 of the saliva samples (20.0%). No association was observed when the Toxoplasma-specific IgG reactive and non-reactive serum samples were compared with the reactive and non-reactive saliva samples for this class of immunoglobulin. On the other hand, a significant association was observed when the Toxoplasma-specific IgA reactive and non-reactive serum samples were compared with the reactive and non-reactive saliva for this type of antibody. In conclusion, our results show that the detection of salivary IgA reflects the serum level of this isotype but salivary IgG does not. Moreover, the isolated detection of salivary IgG may not contribute to epidemiological studies of chronic toxoplasmic infections.
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PMID:Anti-Toxoplasma gondii immunoglobulins A and G in human saliva and serum. 917 94

Salt damage to plants has been attributed to a combination of several factors including mainly osmotic stress and the accumulation of toxic ions. Recent findings in our laboratory showed that phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (PHGPX), an enzyme active in the cellular antioxidant system, was induced by salt in citrus cells and mainly in roots of plants. Following this observation we studied the two most important enzymes active in elimination of reactive oxygen species, namely, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), to determine whether a general oxidative stress is induced by salt. While Cu/Zn-SOD activity and cytosolic APX protein level were similarly induced by salt and methyl viologen, the response of PHGPX and other APX isozymes was either specific to salt or methyl viologen, respectively. Unlike PHGPX, cytosolic APX and Cu/Zn-SOD were not induced by exogenously added abscisic acid. Salt induced a significant increase in SOD activity which was not matched by the subsequent enzyme APX. We suggest that the excess of H2O2 interacts with lipids to form hydroperoxides which in turn induce and are removed by PHGPX. Ascorbate peroxidase seems to be a key enzyme in determining salt tolerance in citrus as its constitutive activity in salt-sensitive callus is far below the activity observed in salt-tolerant callus, while the activities of other enzymes involved in the defence against oxidative stress, namely SOD, glutathione reductase and PHGPX, are essentially similar.
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PMID:Salt and oxidative stress: similar and specific responses and their relation to salt tolerance in citrus. 942 31

Abscisic acid (ABA) and jasmonates have been implicated in responses to water deficit and wounding. We compared the molecular and physiological effects of jasmonic acid (JA) (< or = 10 microM), ABA, and salt stress in roots of rice. JA markedly induced a cationic peroxidase, two novel 32- and 28-kD proteins, acidic PR-1 and PR-10 pathogenesis-related proteins, and the salt stress-responsive SalT protein in roots. Most JA-responsive proteins (JIPs) from roots also accumulated when plants were subjected to salt stress. None of the JIPs accumulated when plants were treated with ABA. JA did not induce an ABA-responsive group 3 late-embryogenesis abundant (LEA) protein. Salt stress and ABA but not JA induced oslea3 transcript accumulation. By contrast, JA, ABA, and salt stress induced transcript accumulation of salT and osdrr, which encodes a rice PR-10 protein. However, ABA also negatively affected salT transcript accumulation, whereas JA negatively affected ABA-induced oslea3 transcript levels. Endogenous root ABA and methyl jasmonate levels showed a differential increase with the dose and the duration of salt stress. The results indicate that ABA and jasmonates antagonistically regulated the expression of salt stress-inducible proteins associated with water deficit or defense responses.
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PMID:Antagonistic effects of abscisic acid and jasmonates on salt stress-inducible transcripts in rice roots. 943 65

The last step in the synthesis of lignin and suberin has been proposed to be catalyzed by peroxidases, although other proteins may also be involved. To determine which peroxidases are involved in the synthesis of lignin and suberin, five peroxidases from tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) roots, representing the majority of the peroxidase activity in this organ, have been partially purified and characterized kinetically. The purified peroxidases with isoelectric point (pI) values of 3.6 and 9.6 showed the highest catalytic efficiency when the substrate used was syringaldazine, an analog of lignin monomer. Using a combination of transgenic expression and antibody recognition, we now show that the peroxidase pI 9.6 is probably encoded by TPX1, a tomato peroxidase gene we have previously isolated. In situ RNA hybridization revealed that TPX1 expression is restricted to cells undergoing synthesis of lignin and suberin. Salt stress has been reported to induce the synthesis of lignin and/or suberin. This stress applied to tomato caused changes in the expression pattern of TPX1 and induced the TPX1 protein. We propose that the TPX1 product is involved in the synthesis of lignin and suberin.
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PMID:A tomato peroxidase involved in the synthesis of lignin and suberin. 1075 7

Neutrophils may contribute to myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury by generating reactive oxygen intermediates (ROIs). ROIs activate nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB, which regulates genes for cytokines with negative inotropic effects (interleukin [IL]-1beta, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-alpha). We investigated the impact of neutrophil depletion on NF-kappaB DNA binding activity, and expression of these cytokines during myocardial I/R injury. Male WKY rats (n = 28) received a single dose of antineutrophil antiserum (i/v). Twenty two hours later, when the peripheral blood neutrophil counts were profoundly decreased (94% reduction), the animals underwent 15 min of left anterior descending coronary artery ligation followed by reperfusion for 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, and 6 h (n = 4/group). Saline-treated animals underwent a similar protocol, and served as controls (n = 28, 4/group). Neutrophil accumulation, defined by myeloperoxidase activity, was present in controls, but not in anti-PMN antisera-treated animals (at least p <0.05 at 1, 2, 3, and 6 h R). Despite this difference, in both saline- and antiserum-treated animals, the GSH levels were very similar and fell significantly (p < 0.0001) at 15 min R; the levels increased gradually over time. In contrast, GSSG levels rose at 15 and 30 min R (p < 0.05), and declined thereafter. NF-kappaB DNA binding activity increased in both groups at 15 min and again at 3 h of R. Both NF-kappaBp50 and p65 subunits were detected by supershift assay. In saline-injected controls both mRNA and protein for IL-1beta, IL-6, and TNF-alpha were detected at 1 h R; levels remained high until 3 h, then fell (except IL-6, which was elevated at 6 h). In neutropenic animals, however, a significant decrease in mRNA (at least 1.7-fold, p < 0.05) as well as protein levels (at least 2. 3-fold, p < 0.01) for all three cytokines was observed. Thus, while neutrophils had minimal effects on oxidative stress (GSH/GSSG) and oxidative stress-responsive NF-kappaB activity, they contributed significantly to myocardial cytokine expression.
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PMID:Induction of nuclear factor kappaB but not kappaB-responsive cytokine expression during myocardial reperfusion injury after neutropenia. 1093 53

Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L. cv. SH222) plants and calli were exposed to KCl stress for three weeks. Calli were more tolerant to KCl than plants. KCl stress decreased NO(-)(3), Mn, Fe and B levels in whole plants and P, Ca and Mg in shoots. NO(-)(3), P, Ca, Mg, Mn, and B levels decreased in 100 mM-stressed calli. Chlorophyll content, F:(m) and (F:(m)-F:(0))/F:(m) ratio decreased in stressed leaves, while F:(0) increased only in leaves exposed to severe stress (100 and 150 mM). Membrane permeability and lipid peroxidation increased in plants under all stress conditions and in 100 and 150 mM stressed calli, but remained unchanged in 25 mM stressed calli. Salt stress also induced changes relating to antioxidant enzymes: plants under all stress conditions showed a decrease in catalase, peroxidase and SOD activities. Calli under moderate stress (25 mM KCl) showed an increase of catalase, peroxidase and SOD activities, but the activities of peroxidase and SOD decreased when calli were exposed to higher KCl concentrations. The decrease of antioxidant enzyme activities is in tune with lipid peroxidation and membrane permeability increases. On the other hand, calli adapted for 6 months to 100 mM KCl showed an increase of these enzyme activities compared to unstressed calli, while MDA production and membrane permeability were not significantly affected.
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PMID:In situ and in vitro senescence induced by KCl stress: nutritional imbalance, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant metabolism. 1128 80

Tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine which is shed in its soluble form by a disintegrin and metalloproteinase (ADAM) called TNF-alpha convertase (TACE; ADAM17). TNF-alpha plays a role in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and is involved in the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) which has also been implicated in IBD. The study was designed to investigate whether colitis induced by trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid (TNBS) in rats produces an increase in TACE activity and/or expression and whether its pharmacological inhibition reduces TNF-alpha levels, iNOS expression and colonic damage in this model. TNBS (30 mg in 0.4 ml of 50% ethanol) was instilled into the colon of female Wistar rats. Saline or TACE inhibitor BB1101 (10 mg/kg/day) was administered intraperitoneally 5 days after TNBS instillation. On day 10, colons were removed and assessed for pathological score, myeloperoxidase (MPO), NO synthase (NOS), TACE enzymatic activity and protein levels, colonic TNF-alpha and NOx- levels. Instillation of TNBS caused an increase in TACE activity and expression and the release of TNF-alpha. TNBS also resulted in iNOS expression and colonic damage. BB1101 blocked TNBS-induced increase in TACE activity, TNF-alpha release and iNOS expression. Concomitantly, BB1101 ameliorated TNBS-induced colonic damage and inflammation. TNBS causes TNF-alpha release by an increase in TACE activity and expression and this results in the expression of iNOS and subsequent inflammation, suggesting that TACE inhibition may prove useful as a therapeutic means in IBD.
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PMID:Implication of TNF-alpha convertase (TACE/ADAM17) in inducible nitric oxide synthase expression and inflammation in an experimental model of colitis. 1188 25

We investigated the effects of a novel oral neutrophil elastase inhibitor (ONO-6818) on acute lung injury and pulmonary emphysema induced by human neutrophil elastase (HNE). Young male Wistar rats were divided into four treatment groups: (1) control group (saline); (2) HNE group (HNE 200 U + 0.5% carboxymethyl-cellulose [solution for ONO-6818]); (3) low-dose ONO-6818 group (HNE 200 U + ONO-6818 10 mg/kg); and (4) high-dose ONO-6818 group (HNE 200 U + ONO-6818 100 mg/kg). Saline and HNE were applied via the trachea using a microsprayer. ONO-6818 was administered orally 1 hour before HNE application. Six hours after HNE application, neutrophil counts and hemoglobin concentration in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lung tissue myeloperoxidase activity were determined. Eight weeks after the application, FRC, TLC, lung compliance, and mean linear intercept were estimated. ONO-6818 attenuated dose-dependently HNE-induced increases in lung myeloperoxidase activity, hemoglobin, and neutrophil count in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Furthermore, it significantly attenuated HNE-induced increases in FRC, TLC, lung compliance, and mean linear intercept. ONO-6818 inhibited acute lung injury induced by HNE by minimizing lung hemorrhage and accumulation of neutrophils in the lung. ONO-6818 also inhibited the development of HNE-induced emphysematous changes including lung hyperinflation, degradation of elastic recoil, and airspace enlargement.
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PMID:A novel oral neutrophil elastase inhibitor (ONO-6818) inhibits human neutrophil elastase-induced emphysema in rats. 1218 27

The response of the antioxidative systems of leaf cell mitochondria and peroxisomes of the cultivated tomato Lycopersicon esculentum (Lem) and its wild salt-tolerant related species Lycopersicon pennellii (Lpa) to NaCl 100 mM stress was investigated. Salt-dependent oxidative stress was evident in Lem mitochondria as indicated by their raised levels of lipid peroxidation and H2O2 content whereas their reduced ascorbate and reduced glutathione contents decreased. Concomitantly, SOD activity decreased whereas APX and GPX activities remained at control level. In contrast, the mitochondria of salt-treated Lpa did not exhibit salt-induced oxidative stress. In their case salinity induced an increase in the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) and glutathione-dependent peroxidase (GPX). Lpa peroxisomes exhibited increased SOD, APX, MDHAR and catalase activity and their lipid peroxidation and H2O2 levels were not affected by the salt treatment. The activities of all these enzymes remained at control level in peroxisomes of salt-treated Lem plants. The salt-induced increase in the antioxidant enzyme activities in the Lpa plants conferred cross-tolerance towards enhanced mitochondrial and peroxisomal reactive oxygen species production imposed by salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM) and 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole (3-AT), respectively.
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PMID:Up-regulation of the leaf mitochondrial and peroxisomal antioxidative systems in response to salt-induced oxidative stress in the wild salt-tolerant tomato species Lycopersicon pennellii. 1280 12

Convective Interaction Media (CIM) columns are monolithic columns optimized for the separation of macromolecules. Some of them operate in the axial mode while others operate in the radial mode depending on the column size. In this work we tested the approach suggested by Yamamoto [Biotechnol. Bioeng., 48 (1995) 444] for transfer of gradient methods between columns of different size. A simplified equation for transfer was derived together with a criterion for its application. Separation was evaluated for a standard protein mixture and peroxidase enzymes present in fermentation broth. Salt and pH gradients were applied. Similar resolutions were obtained for each sample on all columns which demonstrates that the proposed approach can be successfully used for method scale-up on this type of column.
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PMID:Transfer of gradient chromatographic methods for protein separation to Convective Interaction Media monolithic columns. 1293 86


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