Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:1.11.1.7 (peroxidase)
 65,474 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Bloodstream trypomastigote and culture procyclic (insect midgut) forms of a cloned T. rhodesiense variant (WRAT at 1) were tested for agglutination with the lectins concanavalin A (Con A), phytohemagglutinin P (PP), soybean agglutinin (SBA), fucose binding protein (FBP), wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), and castor bean lectin (RCA). Fluorescence-microscopic localization of lectin binding to both formalin-fixed trypomastigotes and red cells was determined with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated Con A, SBA, FBP, WGA, RCA, PNA (peanut agglutinin), DBA (Dolichos bifloris), and UEA (Ulex europaeus) lectins. Electron microscopic localization of lectin binding sites on bloodstream trypomastigotes was accomplished by the Con A-horseradish peroxidase-diamino-benzidine (HRP-DAB) technique, and by a Con A-biotin/avidin-ferritin method. Trypomastigotes, isolated by centrifugation or filtration through DEAE-cellulose or thawed after cryopreservation, were agglutinated by the lectins Con A and PP with agglutination strength scored as Con A greater than PP. No agglutination was observed in control preparations or with the lectins WGA, FBA or SBA. Red cells were agglutinated by all the lectins tested. Formalin-fixed bloodstream trypomastigotes bound FITC-Con A and FITC-RCA but not FITC-WAG, -SBA, -PNA, -UEA or -DBA lectins. All FITC-labeled lectins bound to red cells. Con A receptors, visualized by Con A-HRP-DAB and Con A-biotin/avidin-ferritin techniques, were distributed uniformly on T. rhodesiense bloodstream forms. No lectin receptors were visualized on control preparations. Culture procyclics lacked a cell surface coat and were agglutinated by Con A and WGA but not RCA, SBA, PP and FBP. Procyclics were not agglutinated by lectins in the presence of competing sugar at 0.25 M.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Trypanosoma rhodesiense bloodstream trypomastigote and culture procyclic cell surface carbohydrates. 668 36

An interference filter combination for contrast enhancement of the brownish, peroxidase-activated, 3,3'-diaminobenzidine tetrahydrochloride reaction product has been developed. This filter combination allows transmission of light in two narrow bands, representing those of the primary colors green (480-500 nm) and red (575-585 nm) as well as a broader band between 385-430 nm. The visual contrast enhancement of horseradish peroxidase-containing neurons caused by the interference filters was excellent. In particular, intracellular details were prominent in the presence of the interference filters compared with different blue absorption filters. The contrast enhancement was evaluated by microdensitometry of an Agfapan 25 emulsion onto which peroxidase-containing neurons in noncounterstained sections were exposed. The microdensitometry showed a neuron to background contrast enhancement of 30% compared to neutral gray filters and of 11% compared to a Kodak Wratten 80A blue absorption filter. The interference filters are available from the Laboratory of Technical Optics, the Technical University of Copenhagen, Building 307, Lundtoftevej 100, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark (order: DAB-interference filters, 30 mm). The interference filter principle can be used for contrast enhancement of other compound colors.
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PMID:Contrast enhancement of the brownish horseradish peroxidase-activated 3,3'-diaminobenzidine tetrahydrochloride reaction product in black and white photomicrography by the use of interference filters. 669 May 99

The development of retinofugal projections has been examined in albino and hooded rat embryos from embryonic day 16 to birth (E21.5). Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was injected intraocularly through the uterine wall and its anterograde transport revealed with TMB and DAB. The retrograde transport of HRP or the fluorescent dyes Nuclear yellow, Fast blue and propidium iodide from optic tract, superior colliculus (SC) or lateral geniculate body (LG) injections was used to demonstrate the origin of the projections. Superficial projections to the contralateral SC were first identified at E16. A light projection to the entire medio-lateral extent of the ipsilateral SC could be detected a day later. The optic axons grow over the surface of the diencephalon at E16 and it was only at later stages that the fibers were observed to invade successively deeper parts of the LG. A superficial projection to the ipsilateral LG could first be detected at E17. Both the ipsilateral and contralateral projections grew through the entire dorso-ventral extent of the lateral geniculate body: some restriction of the axons to their normal adult termination zones could be detected by E21. No difference in the distribution of projections could be detected between the albino and pigmented rats although the projections were lighter, and possibly because of this were detected later, in the albino rats. At all the ages examined in this study labeled retinal ganglion cells were observed in the non-injected eyes after injection of label into the contralateral eye. The use of persistent fluorescent dyes showed that these retinal ganglion cells did not survive for more than 5 days postnatally. The projection to the uninjected eye came preferentially from ganglion cells in the lower nasal retina while the ipsilateral central projections came predominantly but not exclusively from the lower temporal retina of the injected eye. It appears, therefore, that the initial projections of optic axons in the rat are not limited to their normal termination zones and that the choice of pathway at the chiasm appears to be only loosely controlled.
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PMID:Prenatal development of the optic projection in albino and hooded rats. 683 Dec 37

Horseradish peroxidase, 13% Sigma Type VI, was administered iontophoretically to the mid lateral hypothalamus (LH) of male hooded rats. Animals were perfused intracardially on the following day and brains were removed and sliced in the coronal or sagittal planes into 30-50 micrometer sections. Sections were processed with DAB and BDH for the brown and blue reaction products and later examined by bright and dark field microscopy for the presence and location of retrogradely labeled neurons. Results indicate that a significant number of afferent connections to the LH originate in the olfactory and accumbens nuclei, pyriform cortex, olfactory tracts, magnocellular and medial preoptic and anterior hypothalamic regions, stria terminalis, stria hypothalamic tract, diagonal tract of Broca, caudate-putamen and globus pallidus, internal capsule, lateral septal nuclei, lateral preoptic area and anterior medial forebrain bundle, the various amygdaloid nuclei, zona incerta, perifornical region, dorsal and ventral medial hypothalamic areas, supraoptic, paraventricular and periventricular nuclei, posterior hypothalamus and medial forebrain bundle, ventral thalamic nuclei, the fields of Forel, arcuate and mammillary nuclei, adjacent to the fasciculus retroflexus, in the ventral tegmental area of Tsai, interpeduncular nucleus, substantia nigra, mesencephalic reticular formation, periaqueductal gray, locus coeruleus and parabrachial region. Results are discussed in terms of previous anatomical and neurophysiological data, probable pathways, and the function of LH neurons.
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PMID:Afferent connections to the lateral hypothalamus: a horseradish peroxidase study in the rat. 697 34

Lysosomal cathepsin D has been localized with the electron microscope employing an indirect immunohistochemical method using peroxidase labeled, monospecific antibody Fab' subunits. The acid proteinase has been demonstrated within secondary lysosomes of cardiac myocytes and interstitial cells, but not in components of the Golgi apparatus or endoplasmic reticulum. Incubations with a variety of peroxidatic inhibitors suggests that the staining that is observed in secondary lysosomes is attributable to the peroxidase-labeled antibody and not to endogenous oxidation of DAB. The protocol outlined here provides a reproducible method to localize the major lysosomal acid proteinase of the heart at the subcellular level.
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PMID:The distribution of lysosomal cathepsin D in cardiac myocytes. 698 33

There are at least three sources of endogenous peroxidatic activity that are present in both the cerebral and the cerebellar cortex. All three sources, being neuronal, astrocytic or hemoglobin-dependent, may obscure the interpretation of studies using exogenous horseradish peroxidase. The activities are to a variable extent influenced by fixation. From the present results DAB-incubation of cryostate sectioned brain appears to be an acceptable method for histochemical demonstration of the mitochondrial cytochrome chain enzymes.
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PMID:Endogenous peroxidatic activity in the cerebral and cerebellar cortex of normal adult rats. 701 15

An improved method is presented for processing single cells for electron microscopy. Agarose, which has a low (30 degrees C) gelling temperature, was used as an initial embedding medium for single cells (spermatozoa and oocytes) and dissociated cell preparations (luteal cells and spleen cells). Dispersed cells of corpus luteum, spleen, and epididymal spermatozoa were placed in 1.5% agarose after aldehyde fixation. These fixed cells, embedded in agarose, were packed into a dense pellet by centrifugation, postfixed, then embedded in Epon. Mammalian eggs were not centrifuged; instead, they were embedded in agarose discs. Cells embedded in agarose were cooled below 30 degrees C to allow for gelling, then processed for electron microscopy. Because agarose has a low gelling temperature, some heat-labile substances were preserved, as demonstrated by retention of peroxidase activity using the DAB histochemical method. The agarose embedding procedure is both rapid and facile, and has proven to be of value in the handling of fragile single cells for electron microscopic studies.
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PMID:An improved method for processing single cells for electron microscopy utilizing agarose. 703 63

The peroxidase-labeled antibody method was employed for immunohistochemical localization of intracellular and extracellular antigens with SEM. With this method, the antigenic sites may be localized with high sensitivity on tissue sections mounted on carbon-coated glass slides by detecting 0s04-DAB complexes using the backscatter mode. The sections may be fresh frozen fixed on slide, frozen sections of fixed tissue, or sections of immunostained tissue embedded in epon. The method introduces another utilization of SEM and the immunoenzyme histochemistry.
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PMID:Intracellular localization of antigens with backscatter mode of SEM using peroxidase-labeled antibodies. 703 73

Labelled blood vessel segments, exudation patches, and pericytic granular cells were counted in sections of rat brain which had been fixed and tested with DAB from 3 min to 24 h after intravenous injection of horseradish peroxidase (HRP). In normal rats, 3 min after injection, only 1% of the total blood vessel segments had walls penetrated by HRP, but in rats 14 days after portocaval anastomosis (PCA) 44% of the total segments had labelled walls, a frequency of 3033 permeable segments/mm3 of brain. In normal rats no exudation patches were found, but after PCA there were seven patches/mm3 of brain. Maximum vascular wall labelling and maximum exudation occurred in the cerebellum and medulla of the operated rats. Hardly any pericytic cells were labelled 3 min after injection. In operated rats 2 h after injection of HRP, labelled vascular walls were fewer and exudation had disappeared, but 204 pericytic cells/mm3 of brain contained HRP-labelled granules, i.e. 60% of the total pericytes. Highest numbers were found in the most anterior section of the brain sample. Later after injection these numbers declined. It is suggested that most of the protein which leaked into the brain after PCA returned to the blood whence it came, but that some was captured and hydrolysed by the granular pericytes.
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PMID:A quantitative study of vascular permeability to horseradish peroxidase, and the subsequent fate of the tracer, in rat brains after portocaval anastomosis. 709 85

The thalamocortical and other synapses of the apical dendrites of corticostriatal projection neurons in mouse primary somatosensory cortex (SmI) were examined by combining anterograde degeneration with the retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Electrolytic lesions were made in the ventrobasal thalamus, followed 3 days later by injections of 40% HRP into the ipsilateral caudate-putamen nucleus. The next day, the mice were perfused and the SmI cortex ipsilateral to the lesion and injection sites was chopped at 125-micrometer and reacted for HRP using a CoCl2-DAB method. HRP-labeled corticostriatal cells in SmI cortex were medium-sized pyramidal cells, having somata located in the superficial portion of layer V and apical dendrites extending into layer I. Seven corticostriatal cells were serially thin sectioned and the layer IV portions of their apical dendrites were reconstructed. Each apical dendrite formed only one or two thalamocortical synapses (0.3 to 0.9% of their synapses in layer IV) indicating that corticostriatal neurons may be minimally responsive to direct synaptic input from the specific thalamic nuclei. Each apical dendrite formed about 12.6 asymmetrical synapses for every symmetrical synapse, suggesting that the relative numbers of excitatory and inhibitory synapses impinging on apical dendrites belonging to an individual class of neurons may be specified.
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PMID:A quantitative study of the thalamocortical and other synapses in layer IV of pyramidal cells projecting from mouse SmI cortex to the caudate-putamen nucleus. 717 91


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