Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:1.11.1.7 (peroxidase)
65,474 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Using the avidin-biotin-labeled peroxidase complex (ABC) method, the staining reaction of a panel of 12 biotin-labeled lectins was studied in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded reactive lymph nodes and tonsils. Varying degrees of lectin binding were observed in lymphoid cells and macrophage-histiocytes with Concanavalin ensiformis (Con A), Lens culinaris (LCA), Phaseolus vulgaris (PHA), Pisum sativum (PSA), Ricinus communis (RCA), and Triticum vulgaris (WGA) agglutinins, but no evidence of binding was observed with Dolichos biflorus (DBA), Bandieraea simplicifolia (BSA), Arachis Hypogaea (PNA), Glycine soja (SBA), Sophora japonica (SJA), and Ulex europaeus (UEA) agglutinins. Three major patterns of binding were seen: the reaction products occurred along the plasma membranes (membranous), were confined to one pole of the cell membrane (cap-like), or were present diffusely in cytoplasm (cytoplasmic). The cells showing membranous and cap-like staining patterns corresponded to the lymphoid cells, as did the cytoplasmic to plasma cell and macrophage-histiocytes. Cap-like staining was observed on the lymphocytes at B and T cell areas with all six lectins. Thus, the presence of cap-like staining may not be useful for discrimination between B and T cells. Membranous staining, in contrast, was limited to lymphocytes of follicles (B cells) with PSA and LCA, and to germinal center cells with PHA, WGA, Con A, and RCA also reacted with the membrane of T-cell. The cytoplasmic staining reaction of macrophage-histiocytes varied markedly from one lectin to the other. Our study indicates that the carbohydrate moiety of the cells retains their binding sites for lectins through routine processing, providing a means of valid retrospective studies. Furthermore, these observations suggest that each lectin, despite its identical inhibitory sugar, should be tested for its unique reaction pattern, which is not predictable from the data derived from cell suspension studies.
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PMID:Histochemical studies on lectin binding in reactive lymphoid tissues. 682 84

Studies in animal models have clearly shown a relationship between the administration of estrogens and the appearance of peroxidase activity in growth-responsive estrogen target tissues (endometrium, cervix, vagina, breast, and DMBA rat mammary tumor). We have studied the ultrastructural localization of endogenous peroxidase activity in the normal cyclic human endometrium. Endogenous peroxidase activity was not identified in proliferative phase endometria, with the exception of one very late proliferative phase endometrium. Most secretory phase endometria showed at least some ultrastructurally identified peroxidase activity in glandular epithelial cells. The number of epithelial cells showing peroxidase activity varied from less than 10% to 85%. The peroxidase activity was present throughout the endoplasmic reticulum of these epithelial cells, extending from the perinuclear cistern to the most peripheral portions of the endoplasmic reticulum adjacent to the apical lumen. Biochemical assays of peroxidase activity in these endometria were compared with the ultrastructurally identified epithelial peroxidase and the endometrial granulocyte count. Uterine granulocyte peroxidase appeared to make a substantial contribution to the total peroxidase activity assayed by biochemical methods. Standard biochemical techniques alone, therefore were not considered to be adequate to evaluate epithelial peroxidase activity.
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PMID:Epithelial peroxidase and endometrial granulocytes in the normal cyclic human endometrium. 686 74

The 3BM-78 murine Friend erythroleukemia cell line was obtained by in vitro transformation of bone marrow cells of DBA/2J mice by the polycythemic Friend virus complex. Thirty-five subclones have been isolated and tested for their ability to express various markers of blood and bone marrow cells. Upon dimethyl sulfoxide treatment, the cells differentiated along the erythroid pathway as shown by morphological evidence and by their increased synthesis of hemoglobin and spectrin. In addition, a high proportion of dimethyl sulfoxide-induced cells stained positive for specific esterase, a marker characteristic of granulocytic cells. Of these cells, about 20% stained positive for both hemoglobin-peroxidase and specific esterase. Analysis of the subclones showed that the expression of these markers for erythroid and leukopoietic differentiation was uncoordinated. Further dissection of expression was obtained by the use of two potent tumor promoters, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate and phorbol-12,13-benzoate, which in general inhibited specific esterase more than hemoglobin peroxidase expression. Inhibition was related to the structure of the phorbol diester and was unrelated to toxicity. No evidence was found for other markers characteristic of different pathways of differentiation, such as Fc and C3 receptors, cell surface immunoglobulins, theta antigen, or the capacity to phagocytose inert particles. All cells stained positive for nonspecific esterase activity in both the presence and the absence of dimethyl sulfoxide. This staining was only partially fluoride sensitive. In unstimulated cultures, a few cells also reacted for myeloperoxidase, Sudan black staining and, very rarely, alkaline phosphatase staining. These findings support the view that 3BM-78 cells are leukemic cells which, despite a prevalent commitment to erythroid differentiation, retain the genetic determinants for some traits of leukopoietic differentiation. These traits may be expressed under suitable culture conditions.
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PMID:Cytochemical characteristics of leukopoietic differentiation in murine erythroleukemic (Friend) cells. 693 42

The competition of bromocriptine and lisuride hydrogen maleate (LIM) with estradiol binding to various tissues was evaluated by the dextran coated charcoal method. Bromocriptine and LIM competitively inhibited the binding of [3H] estradiol to its cytosolic receptors in rat uterine, pituitary and hypothalamic tissue and in DMBA induced mammary tumors. Ki was 2 X 10(-5) M for bromocriptine and 2 X 10(-4) M for LIM. Metoclopramide, dopamine and L-dopa had no significant effect on [3H] estradiol binding. The interaction of bromocriptine and LIM was specific for estrogen receptors. There was no interaction with progesterone receptors from rat uterus and pituitary and with testosterone receptors from rat epididymis and testis. When tested for estrogenity in the immature rat uterus, bromocriptine and LIM induced specific estrogen inducible proteins such as cytosolic estrogen and progesterone receptors. However, they do not affect the uterine/body weight ratio and peroxidase activity. A clear interaction of inhibitors (bromocriptine and LIM) of prolactine secretion, with cytosolic estrogen receptors from various tissues was shown. Some in vivo estrogenic effect was also demonstrated in the immature rat uterine system.
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PMID:Interaction of estrogen receptors with drugs that affect prolactin secretion. 708 39

With the lithium diiodosalicylate (LIS1) extraction-phenol partition method, we have isolated a sialoglycoprotein fraction from DBA/2 mouse erythrocyte ghosts. We have demonstrated that the Laemmeli system for SDS PAGE can resolve this fraction into four monomers of which two (gp-2.1 and gp-3.1) appear to be authentic, whereas the other two (gp-2.2 and gp-3.2) are probably generated from gp-2.1 and gp-3.1, by limited proteolysis during the isolation procedure. All four components contain O-acetylated neuraminic acid residues, can be stained with Periodic acid-Schiff reagent (PAS) and with Coomassie Brilliant Blue (CB), and can be radioiodinated with the lactoperoxidase-glucose oxidase (LPO-GO) method. All monomers but especially gp-2.1 and gp-3.1 generate characteristic aggregates during solubilization in SDS. The aggregation is enhanced by boiling at high concentrations, and can be reversed by boiling at low concentrations. In addition, the fraction contains a diffuse component present also in ghosts which stains poorly with CB and with PAS and cannot be radioiodinated by the LPO-GO technique. SDS PAGE in the Steck and Yu gel system does not give an accurate separation of the sialoglycoprotein monomers.
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PMID:Isolation and partial characterization of the sialoglycoprotein fraction of murine erythrocyte ghosts. 711 93

Lectin histochemical studies were performed to clarify the species differences in the location of glycoconjugates in the trabecular meshwork (TM) of various mammals, i.e., the mouse, rat, rabbit, pig, and ox, to find an experimental model for human TM. Cryosections were made and stained with sixteen kinds of biotinylated lectin followed by an avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex (ABC). Strong positive reactions in the TM of all 5 kinds of mammals were observed for ConA, PHA-E4, PHA-L4, WGA, ABA, LCA, RCA 60, RCA 120, DSA, and SSA. The TM of the 5 kinds of mammals was weakly positive for Lotus. Rabbit, pig and ox TM were positive for MAM and others were negative. Rabbit, pig and ox TM were weakly positive for PNA and were negative in the other's. Rat TM was weakly positive for SBA and was negative in the other's. The TM of all 5 kinds of mammals was negative for UEA-I and DBA. It could be concluded that species difference exists in lectin binding site in the TM.
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PMID:[Lectin histochemical studies on species differences in the mammalian trabecular meshwork]. 750 65

A battery of horseradish peroxidase-conjugated lectins (ConA, WGA, PNA, SBA, DBA, UEAI and LTA) was used to study the content and distribution of glycoconjugate sugar residues of the normal human nasal mucosa. Our findings indicate that differences exist between the types of sugar residues found in the secretory product of the mucous goblet-like cells and those found in the mucous glands secretion. The saccharide content of the epithelial basal cells, which has never been previously investigated, is reported. Differences in the content and distribution of glycoconjugate sugar residues were found between human nasal mucosa and that of the other human extrapulmonary tracts.
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PMID:Light microscopic histochemical detection of sugar residues of glycoconjugates in human nasal mucosa using HRP-lectins. 751 May 41

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the distribution pattern of carbohydrates in the zona pellucida of human oocytes using lectins and ruthenium red as histochemical probes. For lectin analyses, oocytes that failed to undergo fertilization following in vitro insemination were collected, washed, fixed with glutaraldehyde and embedded in araldite. For ruthenium red labelling, the oocytes were fixed with glutaraldehyde containing ruthenium red, post-fixed with OsO4 and embedded in araldite. Araldite sections (1 micron) were de-resined with sodium methoxide, rehydrated, labelled with ten different biotinylated lectins as probes and avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex as visualant, and examined under a light microscope. The zonae pellucidae of all oocytes studied exhibited a common lectin-binding pattern, expressed in intense binding of lectins from Concanavalia ensiformis (ConA), Lens culinaris (LCA), Ricinus communis (RCA-I), wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), and of succinylated WGA (S-WGA). Peanut lectin (PNA) bound to the zona pellucida only after neuraminidase treatment, whereas the lectins from Griffonia simplisifolia (GS-I), Dolichos biflorus (DBA), Ulex europhaeus (UEA-I) and soybean (SBA) did not bind at all. There was almost no binding of ruthenium red to the matrix of the zona pellucida. The results indicate that the human zona pellucida is characterized by normally exposed mannosyl, N-acetylglucosaminyl and beta-galactosyl residues. In addition, it contains masked beta Gal-(1-3)GalNAc sugar sequences that can be exposed only after removing terminal sialic acid residues.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Distribution of carbohydrates in the zona pellucida of human oocytes. 752 79

We have used a mutation-induced marker system in the intestine of mice heterozygous at the Dlb-1 locus, which determines the expression of binding sites for the lectin Dolichos biflorus agglutinin, and the frequency of clustering of mutated crypts with time as a means of investigating the frequency of the crypt fission process and the crypt cycle. Whole-mount preparations from heterozygous Dlb-1b/Dlb-1a mice were stained with a peroxidase conjugate of Dolichos biflorus agglutinin. Mutations at the Dlb-1b locus in crypt stem cells result in loss of DBA-Px binding in these cells and subsequently their progeny, which eventually results in a rare isolated single, unstained crypt. The subsequent development of pairs, triplets and clusters of negative staining crypts has been assumed to be the result of crypt fission. The frequency of these fission events has been measured in control untreated mice. These negative crypts are the result of spontaneous mutations. We have also looked at mutated crypts after treatment with N-nitroso-N-ethylurea or N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine of young adult mice, which elevates the number of mutations. Our results suggest that the crypt cycle in control animals is very long, 187 +/- 44 weeks (3.6 years, i.e. essentially the life of a laboratory mouse). This implies that about a third of the crypts may divide once in the life of a mouse. After sufficient time for conversion of mixed crypts to monophenotypic crypts after mutagen treatment several clusters of negative crypts were seen.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:The crypt cycle in mouse small intestinal epithelium. 753 83

The staining patterns of 24 biotinylated lectins were analyzed in serial sections of the mandible of 13- to 21-day-old rat embryos by means of the avidin-biotin-peroxidase method. A ubiquitous distribution of binding sites was demonstrated after incubation with Con A (Canavalia ensiformis), DSL (Datura stramonium; except bone matrix), and WGA (Triticum vulgare). ECL (Erythrina cristagalli), GSL I (Griffonia simplicifolia), SJA (Saphora japonica), VVL (Vicia villosa), DBA (Dolichus biflorus), UEA I (Ulex europeus), and LTA (Lotus tetragonobolus) were constantly negative. In early stages of development, GSL II (Griffonia simplicifolia II) was a selective marker of prechondral blastema. In contrast, PNA (Arachis hypogaea) did not stain condensing mesenchyme. During chondrogenesis of Meckels's cartilage a general decrease of lectin binding was observed. Mature cartilage matrix was constantly negative. Chondrocytes were marked by the lectins PSA (Pisum sativum), WGA, PHA-E, and PHA-L (Phaseolus vulgaris E and L). A strong GSL II binding was restricted to the mesial-superior region of the perichondrium. In later stages, several lectins revealed significant differences between preskeletal ("central") areas and the remaining ("peripheral") mesenchyme. A clear binding reaction was noted in central regions by applying LEA (Lycopersicon esculentum) and STL (Solanum tuberosum), while the peripheral tissue was only faintly stained. Developing bone was specifically marked by succinylated WGA (sWGA). The lectins LCA (Lens culinaris) and RCA (Ricinus communis) bound to fibers and extracellular matrix of the connective tissue. Jacalin (Artocarpus integrifolia) and SBA (Glycine max) binding sites were found in macrophages. Affinity of VAA (Viscum album) increased parallel with maturation of endothelial cells. Specific lectin-binding patterns revealed no correlation with the distribution of glycosaminoglycans. The results demonstrate a general reduction of oligosaccharide structures during development of Meckel's cartilage. From our observations we conclude that intralaminar glucose and/or mannose sequences as well as terminal sialic acid molecules are ubiquitously distributed, while terminal alpha-fucose was constantly negative. Lectin-binding patterns of macrophages may reflect the presence of specifically linked terminal galactose. Our findings indicate that oligosaccharides terminating in N-acetylglucosamine are bone-specific. The significance of the restricted staining of the perichondrium by GSL II remains to be elucidated.
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PMID:Characterization of glycoconjugate expression during development of Meckel's cartilage in the rat. 771 33


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