Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:1.11.1.7 (peroxidase)
65,474 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The projection of the superior colliculus to the hypothalamus was studied in the rabbit and rat with light and electron microscopic techniques. This projection system, as demonstrated with the anterograde transport of tritiated leucine, proline, adenosine or horseradish peroxidase, is primarily to dendrites located in the ipsilateral optic and supraoptic tracts. The dendrites originate from cells located in the lateral and anterior hypothalamic areas, retrochiasmatic area and supraoptic nucleus. Thus, the ventral tier of the hypothalamus appears to receive both separate and overlapping visual and multimodal sensory-motor inputs from the retina, ventral lateral geniculate nucleus and superior colliculus.
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PMID:Superior colliculus efferents to the hypothalamus. 9 26

Pathways between the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) and visual cortex in Old World (Macaca, Papio, Erythrocebus, Cercopithecus) and New World (Saimiri, Cebus) primates were studied after injections of horseradish peroxidase and H3 or S35 amino acids into the dLGN or visual cortex. Trans-synaptic autoradiography was also used to study these pathways after an injection of H3 proline-fucose into one eye. The subsequent autoradiographs of visual cortex showed that Old World primates have separate eye inputs (ocular dominance columns) in the striate cortex, whereas New World monkeys have overlapping or non-separated eye inputs. In both primate groups the geniculocortical input to layer IVA formed a pattern which resembled a honeycomb in tangential sections, unlike the solidly labeled layer IVC. Also common to the two primate groups was a projection from dLGN to layer VI. There was no dLGN projection to any prestriate area in any of the primates. However, after an injection limited to the prestriate cortex of Macaca, light autoradiographic labeling was seen in the interlaminar zones and the magnocellular and S laminae, demonstrating a prestriate-dLGN pathway. Our results indicate that the primate visual system differs significantly from the cat in having no dLGN projection to area 18. There are also signficant differences between primates in the level at which the possibility of binocularity (of an excitatory nature) first occurs in the striate cortex because in the species studied thus far with neuroanatomical methods, Old World primates have ocular dominance columns in layer IV but most New World monkeys lack them.
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PMID:The neuroanatomical organization of pathways between the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus and visual cortex in Old World and New World primates. 10 May 30

Anatomical tracers were injected into electrophysiologically defined sites in somatosensory cortical Area 3b (SI proper) and Area I (posterior cutaneous field) of owl monkeys after these cortical subdivisions had been extensively explored in microelectrode mapping experiments. These mapping experiments revealed that both Areas 3b and 1 contain complete and separate representations of the body surface (Merzenich et al., '78). Restricted injections of the retrograde tracer, horseradish peroxidase (HRP), into either Area 3b or Area 1 labeled neurons within a band of cells in the ventroposterior nucleus (VP). The location of the labeled band in VP varied with the location of the injection site in both representations, and the labeled region of VP was overlapping for injections in corresponding body parts in the two representations. Neurons projecting to the hand and foot cortical representations were in architectonically identified subnuclei. Because injections into either Area 3b or Area 1 labeled over half of the neurons in the appropriate regions of VP, it appears that some neurons in VP project to both cortical representations. Finally, injections of HRP combined with the anterograde tracer, 3H-proline, indicate that VP neurons are reciprocally interconnected with both Areas 3b and 1.
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PMID:Connections of areas 3b and 1 of the parietal somatosensory strip with the ventroposterior nucleus in the owl monkey (Aotus trivirgatus). 10 4

Vestibulothalamic projections were studied in the monkey (macaca mulatta) by injecting anerograde trace substances (radioactive leucine and proline) into the vestibular nuclear complex. Terminal labelling was found bilaterally mainly in the nucleus ventroposterior lateralis pars oralis (VPLo) and to a lesser extent in the nucleus ventroposterior inferior (VPI) and nucleus ventralis lateralis pars caudalis (VLc). The labelling was sparse, and scattered over wide areas. The vestibular origin of this projection was confirmed by injecting retrograde tracer substances (horseradish peroxidase and 125I wheat germ agglutinin) into VPLo. In the autoradiographic study no labelling was found in the posterior group.
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PMID:Vestibular projections to the monkey thalamus: an autoradiographic study. 11 46

The projections from area 18 and the lateral geniculate nucleus onto area 17 of the squirrel monkey (Saimiri) were investigated with retrograde (horseradish peroxidase) and anterograde (tritiated proline) labelling techniques, and the (Fink-Heimer) silver impregnation method for degenerating axons and their terminals. The association fibers from area 18 terminated in all layers of area 17 except in layer IV and in the lower aspect of layer IIIc. The greatest number of terminals were in layers I, V and VI. The bulk of geniculocortical fibers terminated in layer IV and the lower aspect of layer IIIc; a minority of the geniculocortical fibers terminated in layer VI and the lower aspect of layer IIIb. Thus, the majority of fibers from the two sources investigated terminate in a complementary laminar fashion in area 17. The portion of area 17 on the lateral surface of the hemisphere, where the central visual field is represented, received a less dense projection from the geniculate nucleus than the striate cortex in the calcarine fissure, where the peripheral visual field is represented. Ocular dominance columns were not apparent in the striate cortex. No evidence was found that the lateral geniculate nucleus projects to area 18. The results of combined injections of horseradish peroxidase and tritiated proline in area 17 indicated a point-to-point reciprocity between area 17 and the ipsilateral lateral geniculate nucleus.
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PMID:Complementary laminar terminations of afferents to area 17 originating in area 18 and in the lateral geniculate nucleus in squirrel monkey. 40 40

Seventy days after complete spinal cord transection, both treated and untreated rats showed evidence that some corticospinal axons had regenerated. Rats made immunologically unresponsive to CNS tissue showed no increase in corticospinal regeneration as measured by orthograde axoplasmic flow of tritated proline or retrograde axoplasmic labelling with horeseradish peroxidase. However, treated rats did demonstrate electrophysiological evidence of regeneration of long ascending sensory pathways. Tolerant animals additionally treated with cyclophosphamide showed corticospinal axonal regeneration by tritated proline transport and electrophysiological techniques and also showed electrophysiological evidence of ascending sensory tract regeneration.
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PMID:Spinal cord regeneration in rats made immunologically unresponsive to CNS antigens. 47 4

By injecting one lateral geniculate nucleus with large amounts of horseradish peroxidase (HRP), we have determined the retinal distributions of contra- and ipsilaterally projecting retinothalamic ganglion cells in the Siamese cat. In accord with the data of others, we observe that large numbers of temporal ganglion cells, which normally send axons ipsilaterally, instead misproject to the contralateral thalamus. However, in contrast to the expectations raised by previous work, we do not find the Siamese defect to be a simple 20 degrees shift of the naso-temporal decussation line. Rather, there is intermingling of the crossed and uncrossed retinothalamic populations in the temporal retina, with a gradual increase in the proportion of ipsilaterally projecting ganglion cells as one moves temporally. Thus, the Siamese abnormality represents not only a temporal displacement of the retinothalamic decussation line, but also a smearing of the normally rather sharp division between regions of ipsilateral and contralateral projection. Cell size measurements and anterograde transport of H3-proline confirm the HRP findings and suggest differential effects of the Siamese abnormality according to ganglion cell class. In particular, it appears that the large ganglion cells to misproject to a greater degree than the rest of the retinothalamic population.
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PMID:The retinothalamic pathways in Siamese cats. 48 82

The cortical projection of the thalamic mediodorsal nuclear complex (MD) in the rabbit was mapped retrograde horseradish peroxidase and anterograde tritiated proline techniques. The projection field occupied the entire medial wall rostral to a mid corpus callosal level, wrapped around the frontal pole onto the lateral convexity and tailed off caudally on the dorsal bank of the rhinal sulcus. The projection of the lateral approximately one-half of MD, the half which does not receive olfactory input, was confined to medial cortex supply all but the most rostral region. This projection field of lateral MD was precisely organized in two dimensions with the most lateral part projecting most caudally and the most dorsal part projecting most ventrally. A representation for the third, anterior-posterior (A-P), dimension was not evident since any cortical point within the field was supplied by a cylinder of cells extending the entire A-P extent of lateral MD. The medial half of MD, which does receive olfactory input, projected to the remaining rostral medical cortex, the lateral convexity and rhinal sulcal region. The inverse dorsoventral relationship was partially preserved and on overlapping A-P gradient was present with sulcal projections originating more caudally in medial MD and the rostral medial projection originating more rostrally.
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PMID:Cortical projections of the thalamic mediodorsal nucleus in the rabbit. 62 2

The efferent and afferent connections of the avian isthmo-optic nucleus (ION) were studied using light microscopic techniques. Injections of [3H]proline into the nucleus resulted in labeling of centrifugal endings in the retina at the junction of the inner plexiform layer and inner nuclear layer, but produced no other transported label to any thalamic or mesencephalic nucleus. The origin of the tectal afferents to the ION was demonstrated by means of injections of [3H]proline into the most superficial layers of the optic tectum and by stereotaxic injections of horseradish peroxidase into the ION. The tectal efferent cell bodies were located in lamin h of the optic tectum and at the junction of laminae h and i.
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PMID:Observations on the afferent and efferent connections of the avian isthmo-optic nucleus. 63 87

The pattern of primary auditory projections to the brain stem of young chickens was investigated using terminal degeneration methods and orthograde transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) or tritiated amino acid. Of particular interest was the question of whether nucleus laminaris (NL) receives primary afferents. A study of silver-stained degeneration pattersn in nucleus magnocellularis (NM) and NL at three intervals following unilateral interruption of the cochlear nerve revealed that by 48 hours after the lesion, degenerating terminals were found only in the ipsilateral nucleus angularis (NA), NM and lagenar projection areas but not in NL. Five- and eight-day survival times, however, also revealed degeneration bilaterally in NL. The appearance of terminal degeneration in NL at the longer survival times is attributed to the previously-reported severe and rapid transneuronal degeneration of neurons in NM following deafferentation and not to the presence of cochlear nerve terminals in NL. Injection of HRP or tritiated proline into the basilar papilla produced patterns of labeling similar to that seen in the 2-day degeneration material; HRP reaction product or autoradiographic label were seen only in the ipsilateral NA and NM and in the ipsilateral projection areas of the macula lagena but not in either NL. The patterns of primary auditory projections revealed by the three methods were quite similar to each other and to that previously reported for the pigeon and confirm the conslucion that the laminar nucleus of chickens does not receive primary afferents.
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PMID:Organization and development of the brain stem auditory nuclei of the chicken: primary afferent projections. 65 69


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