Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:1.11.1.7 (peroxidase)
65,474 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effects of fluticasone propionate (FP) on sputum chemotactic activity, elastase inhibitory potential, albumin concentrations, and peripheral neutrophil function were studied in a group of patients with clinically stable, smoking-related chronic bronchitis and emphysema. Seventeen patients (50 to 75 yr of age) were entered into a double-blind, placebo-controlled study of 1.5 mg inhaled FP/d for 8 wk. Following treatment with FP the chemotactic activity of the sputum sol phase was lower than the corresponding values for the placebo group (p < 0.01). Values fell from a mean of 21.75 (+/- 1.58) during the run-in period to 18.37 (+/- 1.46; p < 0.01) after 4 wk and 17.63 (+/- 1.86; p < 0.05) after 8 wk treatment returning to 22.08 (+/- 1.26) cell/field after the washout period. The neutrophil elastase inhibitory capacity of the sputum sol phase increased (p < 0.025) with treatment from a mean of 0.177 microM elastase inhibited/L (+/- 0.05) pretreatment to 0.413 microM (+/- 0.054) after 4 wk and 0.415 microM (+/- 0.054) after 8 wk returning to 0.270 microM (+/- 0.07) after the washout period. Treatment with FP did not result in a change in the peripheral neutrophil functions studied or sputum albumin and myeloperoxidase concentrations. The results suggest that FP may play a protective role in these patients through a reduction in the chemotactic activity of lung secretions and potentially a reduction in the recruitment of neutrophils to the lung, and also by directly affecting the proteinase/antiproteinase balance, in favor of antiproteinases, within lung secretions.
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PMID:Effect of fluticasone propionate on sputum of patients with chronic bronchitis and emphysema. 856 7

Hairless (SKH-1) mice were mated with beige (C57BL/bb) mice to produce a hairless mouse deficient in neutrophil elastase (hhbb). These mice were exposed to 0.09 J UVB radiation for 5 months to see if neutrophil elastase was an important factor in the development of solar elastosis. Analysis of peritoneal neutrophils confirmed that the hhbb mouse was deficient in elastase, retaining only 10% of the activity of the normal littermates (hhHb). Skin myeloperoxidase activity was equally elevated in all the mice receiving UVB indicating a similar influx of inflammatory cells. The absolute breaking strength of the skin in both the hhBb and hhbb mice was not altered by UVB treatment over the 5 month exposure period. Elastin quantitated biochemically as desmosine, or visualized histologically, was increased following UVB exposure in the normal mice. In the elastase-deficient mice, however, the elastin fibres appeared to be unaffected by exposure to UVB radiation at this level. The results suggest that neutrophil elastase is an important mediator in the development of solar elastosis resulting from continued exposure to UVB.
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PMID:A role for neutrophil elastase in solar elastosis. 857 66

Bronchiectasis is associated with sputum containing high levels of the proteolytic enzyme elastase, which is thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. Agents which inhibit neutrophil function and interfere with neutrophil elastase release may have a beneficial effect on the development and progression of such diseases. We have studied the effects of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent indomethacin on neutrophil function in nine patients with clinically stable bronchiectasis. All patients remained clinically stable during the study. We observed a significant reduction in peripheral neutrophil chemotaxis to 10 nmol.L-1 N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) from a mean of 19.86 (SEM 1.35) to 8.46 (0.68) cells.field-1 after 4 weeks of therapy. There was also a significant reduction in fibronectin degradation both by resting and FMLP-stimulated neutrophils, from a mean of 1.90 (0.19) micrograms x 3 x 10(5) cells at the start of therapy to 0.87 (0.08) micrograms after 4 weeks, and from 3.17 (0.35) micrograms to 1.48 (0.05) micrograms, respectively. There was no effect on spontaneous or stimulated superoxide anion generation by neutrophils. Despite the marked changes in peripheral neutrophil function, no adverse effect was observed on viable bacterial load in the bronchial secretions. In addition, there was no difference in sputum albumin, elastase or myeloperoxidase levels, and only minor changes in the chemotactic activity of the sputum. These results suggest that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents have a major effect on peripheral neutrophil function but do not appear to have an adverse effect on bacterial colonization of the airways.
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PMID:In vivo study of indomethacin in bronchiectasis: effect on neutrophil function and lung secretion. 857 72

The novel flavonoid compound 3'-hydroxyfarrerol (IdB 1031) was tested in a number of in vitro experiments in order to ascertain its effects on some functions and products of human phagocytes. We found that IdB 1031 did not depress neutrophil phagocytosis and chemotaxis, whereas at a concentration of 10(-4) M it significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the fMLP-triggered neutrophil production of superoxide anion. At the same concentration, the compound decreased the release of neutrophil elastase and myeloperoxidase from neutrophils (p < 0.05). We also found evidence that IdB 1031 is a non competitive, reversible inhibitor of human neutrophil elastase (Ki 200 microns). Finally, IdB 1031 at the concentration of 10(-5) M significantly reduced the release of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-8 from monocytes (p < 0.05). We conclude that, in spite of the moderate activity displayed by IdB 1031, these findings add to our current knowledge on the spectrum of the antiinflammatory activities of flavonoids.
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PMID:Effects of 3'-hydroxyfarrerol (IdB 1031), a novel flavonoid agent, on phagocyte products. 859 35

Using immunoperoxidase techniques, we examined the histological changes of exercise-induced lesions of urticarial vasculitis over a 24 h period. At 3 h, endothelial swelling and an eosinophilic infiltrate was seen. Neutrophils were increased in number by 10 h. Typical leucocytoclastic vasculitis with red blood cell extravasation developed by 24 h. Maximal deposition of eosinophil peroxidase was at 10 h compared to significant neutrophil elastase deposits at 24 h. This demonstrates the importance of the eosinophil in the development of the lesions of urticarial vasculitis.
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PMID:Time-course analyses of exercise-induced lesions in a patient with urticarial vasculitis. 871 15

Several neutrophil-derived enzymes that are present in the gingival crevicular fluid have been evaluated for use as risk markers for periodontal disease progression. However, very little information is available about the presence of these enzymes in peri-implant tissues. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to compare levels of enzymes in gingival crevicular fluid between natural teeth and endosseous dental implants and between well-integrated and failing implants. Scores of plaque and gingivitis were recorded for 68 integrated implants, five failing implants, and 34 natural teeth in 12 completely edentulous and 18 partially edentulous subjects. Samples of gingival crevicular fluid were obtained from these sites using filter paper strips and were assayed for levels of neutral protease, neutrophil elastase, myeloperoxidase, and beta-glucuronidase. Neutral protease levels were higher (P = .066) at moderately to severely inflamed implant sites (Gingival Index of 2, 3) compared to mildly or noninflamed sites (Gingival Index of = 0, 1). Despite the small number (n = 5) of failing implants evaluated in this study, levels of neutrophil elastase, myeloperoxidase, and beta-glucuronidase were significantly higher (P < or = .001) around failing implants compared to successful implants. Neutral protease levels were also elevated around failing implants, but the difference was not statistically significant. Results of this study indicate that neutrophil elastase, myeloperoxidase, and beta-glucuronidase levels in GCF appear to be good candidates for study as risk markers of implant failure.
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PMID:Crevicular fluid enzymes from endosseous dental implants and natural teeth. 875 53

It has been reported that the 'systemic inflammatory' response occurring during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) may be responsible for postoperative complications. This inflammatory response is triggered by the platelet coagulation system, complement activation, resulting in neutrophil activation and degranulation. The aim of this study was to quantify the specific markers of neutrophil activation in the adult and paediatric patient during CPB. We report that neutrophil myeloperoxidase (MPO) and human neutrophil elastase (HNE) are significantly increased in both the paediatric and adult patients. This study utilized enzymatic assays that quantified the enzymatic activity in the blood circulation rather than measurement of the enzyme protein complex. Increased concentrations of MPO were, in part, related to the blood prime with the paediatric patients and the HNE concentrations were related to time on CPB in both the paediatric and adult patient. This study demonstrated that there are significantly elevated neutrophil enzyme activities in the CPB patient and underscores the pivotal role of the neutrophil in the pathophysiology of CPB.
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PMID:Neutrophil activation during cardiopulmonary bypass in paediatric and adult patients. 890 23

A cross-sectional study of 117 subjects from a dental clinic serving a diverse population (i.e., Whites, African-Americans, Native-Americans, and Asians) was performed to evaluate risk indicators of periodontal disease. Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and subgingival plaque were taken at the same visit from 4 posterior sites of the most diseased sextant in each subject. Age, smoking packyears, beta-glucuronidase (beta G), neutrophil elastase (NE), myeloperoxidase (MPO), Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum), and Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) were significantly (p < 0.05-0.005) correlated with attachment loss. Probing depth was significantly correlated with smoking packyears, beta G, NE, MPO, F. nucleatum and Prevotella intermedia (P. intermedia) (p < 0.05-0.005). Mean NE value of Whites was lower than the mean NE values of African-Americans, Native-Americans and Asians (p < 0.05). Whites had a lower mean beta G value compared to African Americans, and a lower mean MPO value compared to African Americans and Native Americans. The %s of patients positive for F. nucleatum, P. intermedia and Eikenella corrodens (E. corrodens) were higher in Native Americans compared to Whites. Step-wise multiple regression analysis was performed to construct models for the estimation of probing depth and attachment loss. The most parsimonious regression models which had the best R2 values included the following variables and accounted for the indicated % of variability: models 1 and 2: beta G, race, and F. nucleatum accounted for 50% of the variability in mean probing depth and 39% of the variability in a single site (first molar) for probing depth, respectively; model 3: age, beta G, and F. nucleatum accounted for 53% of the variability in mean attachment loss; model 4: age, NE, and F. nucleatum explained 35% of the variability in a single site (first molar) for attachment loss. The results suggest that age, race, smoking packyears, beta G, NE, MPO, F. nucleatum, P. gingivalis and P. intermedia are risk indicators for periodontal disease in this racially diverse urban population. Regression models which include multiple variables (i.e., demographic factors, GCF enzymes and periodontopathic bacteria) can be used to estimate periodontal disease status.
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PMID:Risk indicators for periodontal disease in a racially diverse urban population. 895 24

Chest radiography in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) frequently shows more severe changes in the upper lobes. We performed bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) on 12 clinically stable, young adult patients with CF to determine whether inflammation varies significantly among geographically distinct areas of the lung. We found that absolute numbers of neutrophils were generally greater in BAL fluid from the upper lobe (25.7 +/- 7.9 x 10(5) neutrophils/ml [mean +/- SEM]) of the right lung than that obtained from the right lower lobe (6.8 +/- 2.8 x 10(5) neutrophils/ml; p < 0.01). The mean value of unopposed neutrophil elastase activity in upper-lobe BAL fluid (227 +/- 91 nmol peptide hydrolyzed/ml/min) was also significantly greater than that in lower-lobe BAL fluid (84 +/- 43 nmol/peptide hydrolyzed/ml/ min; p < 0.01), and similar differences were found for myeloperoxidase activity and DNA content. Neutrophil influx and unopposed neutrophil elastase for a given region correlated inversely with lung function or percentage of ideal body weight, and upper-versus lower-lobe differences were more pronounced in subjects with better preservation of lung function. Our findings suggest that regional variation in inflammation must be considered when utilizing BAL to study lower respiratory tract inflammation in CF or to monitor responses to therapeutic interventions that can potentially diminish lung inflammation. Our findings may also have implications for the study of the natural history of lung inflammation and infection in neonates, infants, and young children with CF.
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PMID:Regional variability of lung inflammation in cystic fibrosis. 937 72

There have been no reports on the relationship of subgingival temperature to specific gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) components. Therefore, the purpose of this cross-sectional study was to determine whether there was any relationship between subgingival temperature and GCF levels of neutrophil elastase (NE), myeloperoxidase (MPO), beta-glucuronidase (BG), interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1), and interferon alpha (IFN). Furthermore, another objective was to confirm an association of subgingival temperature with clinical parameters and specific subgingival plaque micro-organisms as has been reported earlier. 27 human subjects each having healthy (n = 50), gingivitis (n = 59) and periodontitis (n = 53) sites were evaluated. The plaque index (PI), subgingival temperature, probing depth, attachment loss, bleeding index and gingival index were measured. GCF was sampled following the measurement of the PI and removal of the supragingival plaque. GCF samples were assayed for the enzymes NE, BG, MPO and the cytokines IFN-alpha and IL-1 alpha. A sterile Gracey curette was utilized at each sampled site to collect subgingival plaque. The plaque samples were evaluated using an immunoassay. Subgingival temperature was found to directly correlate with all clinical parameters (p < 0.001). Significant, albeit not large, correlations were found between subgingival temperature and NE (r = 0.35, p < 0.001), MPO (r = 0.26, p < 0.001) and BG (r = 0.23, p < 0.01). Temperature was found to correlate positively with E. corrodens (r = 0.33, p < 0.02) and F. nucleatum (r = 0.25, p < 0.05) but not with P. intermedia (r = 0.02, p = 0.9), P. gingivalis (r = 0.20, p = 0.1) and A. actinomycetemcomitans (r = 0.01, p > 0.9). In conclusion, subgingival temperature is correlated with the GCF enzymes, NE, MPO and BG as well as the clinical parameters and specific plaque micro-organisms associated with periodontal disease.
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PMID:Subgingival temperature: relation to gingival crevicular fluid enzymes, cytokines, and subgingival plaque micro-organisms. 944 27


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