Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:1.11.1.7 (peroxidase)
 65,474 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The capacitance of skeletal muscle fibers was measured by recording with one microelectrode the voltage produced by a rectangular pulse of current applied with another microelectrode. The ionic strength of the bathing solution was varied by isosmotic replacement of NaCl with sucrose, the [K] [Cl] product being held constant. The capacitance decreased with decreasing ionic strength, reaching a value of some 2 microF/cm(2) in solutions of 30 mM ionic strength, and not decreasing further in solutions of 15 mM ionic strength. The capacitance of glycerol-treated fibers did not change with ionic strength and was also some 2 microF/cm(2). It seems likely that lowering the ionic strength reduces the capacitance of the tubular system (defined as the charge stored in the tubular system), and that the 2 microF/cm(2) which is insensitive to ionic strength is associated with the surface membrane. The tubular system is open to the external solution in low ionic strength solutions since peroxidase is able to diffuse into the lumen of the tubules. Twitches and action potentials were also recorded from fibers in low ionic strength solutions, even though the capacitance of the tubular system was very small in these solutions. This finding can be explained if there is an action potential-like mechanism in the tubular membrane.
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PMID:The capacitance of skeletal muscle fibers in solutions of low ionic strength. 453 30

The expression of the immediate-early gene c-fos was used as a marker of neuronal activity to investigate the cervical spinal interneuron populations involved in the corticomotoneuronal pathway. Adult rats received unilateral kainate injections in the forelimb area of the primary motor cortex. After a survival period of 90 min, during which the animals showed vehement twitching of the contralateral forelimb, the rats were perfused and their brains and cervical spinal cords processed for Fos-like immunoreactivity. In the cervical spinal cord Fos-like immunoreactive neurons were found bilaterally in the dorsal horn and in the intermediate zone, though contralaterally significantly more labelled nuclei were encountered in two different areas. One area closely resembles the corticospinal terminal field as demonstrated with anterograde horseradish-peroxidase tract-tracing and the other reflecting primary afferent and noxious sensory neurons in the dorsal horn. Thus by monitoring the evoked expression of the immediate-early gene c-fos, structural components of the rat motor system can be identified.
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PMID:Induction of c-fos expression in cervical spinal interneurons after kainate stimulation of the motor cortex in the rat. 882 90

Chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. One P. aeruginosa virulence factor unique to CF isolates is overproduction of alginate, phenotypically termed mucoidy. Mucoidy is the result of increased transcription from the algD gene and is activated by the transcriptional regulator AlgR. Mutations in algR result in a nonmucoid phenotype and loss of twitching motility. Additionally, AlgR controls transcription of algC, encoding a dual-function enzyme necessary for both lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and alginate production. Therefore, to determine the effect of algR on P. aeruginosa virulence, an algR mutant was examined for sensitivity to reactive oxygen intermediates, killing by phagocytes, systemic virulence, and the ability to maintain a murine lung infection. We found that P. aeruginosa PAO700 (algR::Gm(r)) was less lethal than PAO1, as tested in an acute septicemia infection mouse model, and was cleared more efficiently in a mouse pneumonia model. Additionally, the algR mutant (PAO700) was more sensitive to hypochlorite. However, PAO700 was more resistant to hydrogen peroxide and killed less readily in an acellular myeloperoxidase assay than PAO1. There was little difference in killing between PAO1 and PAO700 with macrophage-like J774 cells and human polymorhonuclear leukocytes. Two-dimensional gel analysis of P. aeruginosa algR mutant and wild-type protein extracts revealed 47 differentially regulated proteins, suggesting that AlgR plays both a positive role and a negative role in gene expression. Together, these results imply that AlgR is necessary for virulence and regulates genes in addition to the genes associated with alginate and LPS production and pilus function.
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PMID:The transcriptional regulator AlgR is essential for Pseudomonas aeruginosa pathogenesis. 1237 85

Haloperidol-induced orofacial dyskinesia is an animal model of tardive dyskinesia whose pathophysiology has been related to basal ganglia oxidative stress. In this study the authors examined whether ebselen, an antioxidant organochalcogen with glutatione peroxidase-like activity, changes the behavioral and neurochemical effect of sub-chronic haloperidol administration. Haloperidol administered (12 mg/kg/week, sc) for 4 weeks caused a significant increase in vacuous chewing movements (VCMs), tongue protrusion (TP) and the duration of facial twitching (FT) observed in 4 weekly evaluations (p<0.05). Ebselen (30 mg/kg, ip), administered every other day, along with haloperidol (12 mg/kg/week, sc) once weekly, reversed the increase of VCMs and FT in four weekly evaluations (p<0.05), while TP frequency was reverted in the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th week. After the treatments and behavioral observation, biochemical parameters in segments of the brain were analyzed. Haloperidol significantly increased the thiobarbituric acid-reactive species (TBARS) levels in the cortex, striatum and subcortical parts of the brain. The co-administration of ebselen reversed the effect of haloperidol on TBARS production in cortex and striatum. The results of the present study clearly indicate that ebselen has a protective role against haloperidol-induced orofacial dyskinesia and reverses the increase in TBARS production caused by haloperidol administration. Consequently, the use of ebselen as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of tardive dyskinesia should be considered.
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PMID:Ebselen attenuates haloperidol-induced orofacial dyskinesia and oxidative stress in rat brain. 1595 28