Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:1.11.1.7 (peroxidase)
65,474 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A one-step sandwich enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP-3; stromelysin-1) was developed. The assay system used two simultaneous immunoreactions using a solid phase monoclonal antibody and a horseradish peroxidase-labeled monoclonal antibody (Fab'). The sensitivity of the assay system was 20 micrograms/l and linearity was obtained between 31 and 500 micrograms/l. The EIA system was capable of measuring both precursor and active forms of MMP-3 as well as the forms of MMP-3 complexed with tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases. MMP-3 levels as measured by this assay are significantly higher in the sera of patients with rheumatoid arthritis as compared to those of healthy subjects and patients with osteoarthritis. Immunoblot analyses showed that in the sera and synovial fluids of patients with rheumatoid arthritis, MMP-3 is present in the 59- and 57-kDa precursor forms.
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PMID:A one-step sandwich enzyme immunoassay for human matrix metalloproteinase 3 (stromelysin-1) using monoclonal antibodies. 128 63

The aim of this study was to describe the normal distribution of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and substance P (SP) containing fibres in the knee joint of the mouse and to obtain insight into the changes in innervation associated with degenerative processes in the joint. Arthrosis was induced by a single subpatellar intra-articular injection of bacterial collagenase. After decalcification in EDTA solutions, the CGRP and SP fibres were visualized by peroxidase-antiperoxidase pre-embedding immunocytochemistry for light microscopy. Control experiments on the mouse brain as a reference for the effect of EDTA on the immunostaining showed that the decalcification procedure with EDTA had not impaired the immunostaining. A rich innervation of thin varicose CGRP and SP immunoreactive fibres was found in most peri- and intra-articular tissue components. The periosteum, synovial tissues, the joint capsule and the intra-articular fat tissues were richly innervated. Less intense innervations were also found in the subchondral bone plates of the tibio-femoral joint and of the patella. Fibres were also found in the soft tissues between the patellar tendon and the femoral groove. No differences could be found between the location of CGRP and SP fibres with respect to the localization in the joint, but generally more CGRP fibres were found. The collagenase-induced osteoarthrosis was characterized by sclerosis of the subchondral bone, patellar dislocation, osteophyte formation, synovial proliferation and by severe cartilage abrasion, particularly on the medial side of the femoro-tibial joint. The overall distribution of CGRP and SP fibres was the same as in the control joints. However, major differences were found in all studied joints at specific locations around the cruciate ligaments, in the synovium around the patella, in the soft tissues lateral of the patella and in plica tissue between the patella and femoral groove. The CGRP and SP innervation was no longer detectable by immunolabelling with the antibodies. With a polyclonal antibody to the growth associated protein GAP-43/B-50, signs of degenerated axonal profiles were observed in these locations. At other peripheral locations, such as the muscles, the GAP-43/B-50 distribution was normal. In conclusion, the present study provides detailed information on the localization of CGRP and SP fibres, which may be involved in pain perception. Knowledge of the changes that occur during arthrosis may give more insight into the clinical symptoms.
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PMID:Calcitonin gene-related peptide, substance P and GAP-43/B-50 immunoreactivity in the normal and arthrotic knee joint of the mouse. 128 63

Synovial tissue was obtained from 18 knees with medial compartmental osteoarthritis (OA) and from 20 knees on which a high tibial osteotomy had been performed. Neuropeptides were stained with a specific avidin-biotin-peroxidase method. Comparisons were made of the incidence of staining as well as the location of staining within the synovia (medial, lateral, and suprapatellar regions). The results showed that the synovium had an extensive neural network of both the somatic and autonomic nervous systems. In the medial synovium of the preoperative knees, the neuropeptides were found in abundance. An especially strong response for substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) was observed at the free nerve endings. However, the postoperative incidence of SP-positive free nerve endings was reduced to 54% of the preoperative amount and the inflammation subsided in the medial region. These findings suggested that free nerve endings containing SP might be mainly involved in the inflammation and pain of OA.
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PMID:[Immunohistochemical study on the effect of high tibial osteotomy on the distribution pattern of neuropeptides in the synovium of the osteoarthritic knee]. 144 24

46 patients with different rheumatic disorders were subjected to arthroscopic examination and the biopsied synovia were studied immunopathologically. Immunoglobulins, complements and fibrinogen deposition were detected by direct immunofluorescence, and rheumatoid factor (RF) deposition was detected by peroxidase-labelled denatured human IgG. Postoperative diagnosis of these cases were as follows: rheumatoid arthritis (RA) 21; seronegative spondylarthropathy 4; reactive arthritis 2; unidentified synovitis 4; osteoarthritis 8; and nonsynovitis conditions 5. It was shown that the positive rates of deposition of IgG, IgM, complement C3, C1q and C4, and RF in RA were 95.2%, 52.4%, 38.1%, 28.6%, 9.5% and 42.9%, respectively. Deposition was negative in all other rheumatic diseases. The positive fibrinogen deposition rate in RA was 42.9%; it was weakly positive in other disorders as well. The results indicate that the pathogenesis of RA is related to humoral immunity, and immunopathological study of the synovium has very important diagnostic significance in RA. On the other hand, deposition of fibrinogen lacks specificity for any rheumatic disease. The deposition of RF IgG, IgM and complement C3, C1q and C4 in the synovium of RA patients does not correlate well with clinical disease activity. The deposition of RF in the synovium also does not show paired correlation with blood IgM RF determination. This difference may be explained by the fact that the synovial RF examined in the present study may include all isotypes of RF and that hidden-RF in the blood may give a negative result. The synovium is the site of production of RF, but the degree of pathological change of the synovium of different joints in a single patient may not be uniform. The results of humoral immunity studies of the RA synovium may be influenced by the site selected for synovial biopsy.
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PMID:[Immunopathological study of synovium of rheumatoid arthritis]. 183 28

Using a monoclonal antibody directed against the C-chain of human C1q, we detected C1q-bearing immune complexes (IC) in sera and synovial fluids of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. In a sandwich-ELISA, C1q-bearing IC were captured by the solid-phase monoclonal antibody and then detected with peroxidase-labeled F(ab')2-antibodies to either human IgG or IgM. The results of this assay were compared to an ELISA-modification of the C1q-solid-phase binding assay (C1q-SPBA). C1q-bearing IC were detected in 81.1% of RA-sera and the 65.2% of RA-synovial fluids. IgG as well as IgM was present in 72.6% of the sera and 70% of the synovial fluids which were positive in both assays. Most RA sera that were only positive for C1q-bearing IC, contained IgG alone (81.5%). The corresponding synovial fluids showed IgG alone (53%) or both IgG and IgM (41.1%). IgM alone (25%) could be detected in sera, e.g. in juvenile forms of RA. The levels of IC were higher in synovial fluid than in paired serum. In comparison to normal human serum (NHS) and patients with osteoarthritis, complement activity (CH50 titers) and C1q-values in patients with RA were frequently elevated. Since the formation of C1q-bearing IC is an indicator for the classical complement pathway activation, an assay with monoclonal anti-C1q antibody may be a useful tool in the diagnosis of rheumatoid diseases.
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PMID:C1q-bearing immune complexes detected by a monoclonal antibody to human C1q in rheumatoid arthritis sera and synovial fluids. 204 83

Alkaline phosphatase (AP), acid phosphatase and myeloperoxidase (MP) activity and the level of cation protein (CP) in blood and synovial fluid (SF) neutrophils were studied and compared in 54 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and in 22 patients suffering from primary osteoarthrosis deformans (OAD) combined with reactive synovitis. As compared to the patients with OAD, the patients with RA manifested a significant rise of AP, acid phosphatase and MP activity together with a decrease of the level of CP in blood neutrophils. Meanwhile in SF neutrophils from the patients with RA, all the parameters appeared higher than in OAD and were lower that in blood neutrophils in both the groups. As compared to the routine biochemical and cytological tests, the diagnostic information content of the cytochemical parameters of blood neutrophils (AP, acid phosphatase) and SF neutrophils (AP, acid phosphatase, MP) from the patients with RA (against the patients suffering from OAD) was noticeably higher.
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PMID:[The diagnostic information value of determining the cytochemical properties of the neutrophils from the blood and synovial fluid of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthrosis deformans]. 216 88

Peroxidase-anti-peroxidase (PAP) staining and specific antibodies against cathepsin G and elastase from polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) were applied to pannus-free and microscopically intact superficial articular cartilage. Restricted local deposits containing cathepsin G and elastase were found in three of ten patients with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis (RA), in one of three patients with seronegative RA and in one patient with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA). Similarly, localized deposits of IgG and C3 were found in the patients with seropositive RA and JCA, but not in the patient with seronegative RA. Adjacent sections exhibited esterase activity in and around the PMN. In proteinase-positive areas from patients with seropositive RA the inhibitors alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor (alpha 1-PI) and alpha 2-macroglobulin (alpha 2-MG) were present in two of three and one of three patients, respectively. In JCA only alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor was present, and in seronegative RA no inhibitors were found. No staining of articular cartilage was observed in a patient with psoriatic arthritis. One of three cases with osteoarthritis exhibited patchy superficial staining for IgG only. In articular cartilage covered by pannus, in three patients with seropositive RA, in one with seronegative RA and in the patient with JCA a few regions with variably dense PMN infiltrates were observed. Cathepsin G, elastase and esterase activity were found in and around the PMN. In one of the three patients with seropositive RA the adjacent cartilage-pannus junction exhibited distinct staining for cathepsin G and elastase, but not for IgG/C3 and proteinase inhibitors.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Degradation in vivo of articular cartilage in rheumatoid arthritis and juvenile chronic arthritis by cathepsin G and elastase from polymorphonuclear leukocytes. 342 18

The distribution of fibronectin in the inflamed synovium has been described previously using immunohistochemical methods. Under favourable conditions, it is possible to demonstrate apparent cytoplasmic staining of the intimal cell layer. We have further investigated the localisation of fibronectin in the synovial intimal cells using higher resolution techniques with peroxidase-antiperoxidase staining and high power light microscopy of semi-thin Araldite sections and immunoelectron microscopy using a protein A-gold technique. Synovia from 11 mechanical/traumatic, or osteoarthritic joints; 12 seropositive rheumatoid arthritis and nine cases from other joint diseases made a total of 32 cases examined in semi-thin sections, while six rheumatoid and two osteoarthritis synovia were studied by immunoelectron microscopy. Fibronectin was demonstrated in individual cells of the synovial intimal layer in 22 out of 32 samples examined by the light microscope method, and electron microscopy of adjacent sections showed that the positively staining cells were type B synoviocytes. Immunoelectron microscopy confirmed the presence of fibronectin within the rough endoplasmic reticulum of type B synoviocytes in all but one of the eight samples examined. The results provide evidence that the type B synoviocyte is responsible for fibronectin production.
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PMID:Fibronectin production by synovial intimal cells. 407 Sep 25

As demonstrated by labeling with peroxidase, avidin was found to bind selectively and distinctly to mast cell granules. Inhibition studies suggested that avidin is bound by heparin. Based on this new mast cell staining procedure, mast cell distribution in the inflamed synovium of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA) has been investigated. In the subsynovial layer, a significant decrease in mast cell numbers was observed in RA-synovium when compared with OA-synovium. This decrease correlated with the presence of lining cell ulcers and granulation tissue and can be interpreted as the result of mast cell degranuation induced by complement-mediated or immune complex-triggered mechanisms.
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PMID:Analysis of mast cells in rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis by an avidin-peroxidase staining. 608 57

The findings are presented of a morphologic, quantitative, cytochemical and cytoenzymologic study of the mononucleated nonlymphoid cells in knee synovial fluids from osteoarthritis and various inflammatory diseases. The morphologic criteria allowed the identification of subtypes, including phagocytic subtypes, among synoviocytic and monocytic cells in the fluids. The quantitative study showed an important afflux of monocytes and a hyperexfoliation of synoviocytes in the inflammatory diseases. In fluids with intermediate cellularity, the ratio of monocytes to synoviocytes allowed the differential cytodiagnosis between osteoarthrosis and arthritis. All monocytic subtypes, especially the phagocytic one, were highly significantly increased in the inflammatory diseases. A lower increase was shown by the synoviocytic subtypes, except the phagocytic one, which was not changed. Giant multinucleated synoviocytes were found in every type of disease and thus do not constitute a cytodiagnostic marker. Alcian blue staining without hyaluronidase treatment showed hyaluronate in only a small percentage of the synoviocytes. Cytoenzymologic study showed that synoviocytes and monocytes were positive for all tested hydrolases (beta glucuronidase, acid phosphatase and alpha naphthyl acetate esterase), with the reactivities always higher in the synoviocytes. The synoviocytes were always negative with peroxidase, so this reaction, although it marks only a minority of the monocytic population, can be used as an extra cytologic criterion for the discrimination of mononucleated cells in synovial fluid. There was no significant quantitative difference at the cellular level between osteoarthrosis and arthritides in the reaction to these four enzymes. The lysosomal enzymatic activity in both monocytic and synoviocytic cells confirmed their heterophagic properties. However, synoviocytic heterophagy seems to be a physiologic process, either little or not affected by inflammatory events. On the other hand, monocytic heterophagy and then the macrophagic transformation of monocytes appears to be a major aspect of intrasynovial inflammatory reactions. The question remains as to why, if a large majority of exfoliated synoviocytes comes from type A synovial-lining cells and if they belong to mononuclear phagocytic system, do they so weakly, or not at all, participate as phagocytes in the inflammatory reaction.
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PMID:Morphologic, quantitative and cytoenzymologic studies of synoviocytic and monocytic cells in synovial fluid. 609 67


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