Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:1.11.1.7 (peroxidase)
65,474 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

During a large clinicopathologic study of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL), ten patients were identified in whom the leukemic blasts demonstrated striking morphologic and cytochemical similarities and who seemed to form a specific subgroup of ANLL. The patients' leukemic blasts were studied in routine blood and bone marrow preparations and by cytochemical and ultrastructural techniques. In routine smears, the blasts showed no clear evidence of differentiation. Cytochemically, the blasts exhibited strongly positive nonspecific esterase activity, which was completely inhibited by incubation with sodium fluoride, and were myeloperoxidase and sudan black B negative. Ultrastructural features of the blasts were similar to those described for monocytic leukemias. Striking clinical features included the occurrence primarily in young patients, the high frequency of lymphadenopathy at presentation, and the high incidence of post-treatment disseminated intravascular coagulation. Complete remissions were frequently initially obtained with duanorubicin in combination with various other agents and later in the disease with VP16-213. Based on the cytochemical and ultrastructural features, we concluded that this form of ANLL was a variety of acute monocytic leukemia. Recognition of the entity is important for optimal therapy.
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PMID:Acute monoblastic leukemia: diagnosis and treatment of ten cases. 16 29

Twelve cases of pure acute monocytic leukemia in adults were studied. They were selected on the basis of the morphology of the blast cells on Romanowsky-stained smears of blood and bone marrow, as well as positivity of the cells for the naphthol ASD acetate esterase reaction specifically inhibited by sodium fluoride. There was no sex predominance. Neoplastic involvement of the skin and/or gingiva was very frequent. The leukemic proliferation in blood and bone marrow consisted of monoblasts, promonocytes and monocytes. The peroxidase reaction was negative or only faintly positive. Serum and urinary lysozyme levels were increased. The blast cells retained their ability to stimulate, in vitro, colony formation by normal bone marrow cells used as targets. All of these characteristics permit specific identification of this type of acute leukemia. The prognosis is grim: only five of 12 patients achieved complete remission, and four of these five had relapses in less than 14 months; the median survival was five months.
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PMID:Pure acute monocytic leukemia. A study of 12 cases. 30 66

A monocytoid cell line (DOP-M1) was established from mononuclear cells separated from the cerebrospinal fluid of a 1-year-old girl with acute monoblastic leukemia (AMoL) (French-American-British; FAB-M5a). Judged by morphological, cytochemical, and immunological criteria, the DOP-M1 cells showed immature monocytoid characteristics. They were positive for alpha-naphthyl butyrate esterase, the expression of which was inhibited by NaF, and for myeloperoxidase (MPO). Positive MPO findings in nuclear envelope were detectable by electron microscopy. The cell surface was positive for CD15, CD33, and CDw65, but negative for CD4, CD14, and HLA-DR. HLA-DR expression was detected after treatment with IFN-gamma. Chromosome analysis of DOP-M1 cells revealed 47,X,-X,-13,+19,+20,+mar. Our established cell line, DOP-M1 appears to be a cell line which will be a useful tool for studying the phenotype, morphology, and function of monocytoid cells.
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PMID:Establishment of a monocytoid cell line (DOP-M1) from an infant with acute monocytic leukemia. 158 83

French-American-British criteria for the diagnosis of acute monocytic leukemia (M5) require that 80% of nonerythroid bone marrow cells consist of monoblasts, promonocytes, and/or monocytes. Monocytic differentiation is demonstrated by fluoride-sensitive nonspecific esterase positivity. Chloroacetate esterase positivity is accepted as a marker of granulocytic differentiation. Three cases fulfilling French-American-British criteria for M5 showed fluoride-sensitive nonspecific esterase positivity in up to 100% of nonerythroid marrow cells but also exhibited strong chloroacetate esterase positivity in 20% to 90% of the same population. Less than 5% of blasts stained for Sudan black B and peroxidase. These cases may be viewed as chloroacetic esterase-positive acute monocytic leukemia or as acute myelomonocytic leukemia. The authors favor the former because the cases were myeloperoxidase negative; however, these cases indicate that chloroacetate esterase may not be a specific marker for granulocytic differentiation.
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PMID:Acute monocytic leukemia with chloroacetate esterase positivity. FAB M4 or M5? 824 May 17

To determine the sensitivity and specificity of the periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) stain in the diagnosis of acute leukemia in light of the finer characterization of this disorder now available through immunophenotyping, we examined the blasts from 51 patients with newly diagnosed acute leukemia by morphological, cytochemical, and immunophenotypic analyses. The 51 patients represented every new case of acute leukemia subjected to cytochemical stains and flow cytometry between July 1987 and February 1989. By cell-surface marker analysis, 29 exhibited lymphocytic lineage, while 21 were myelocytic. One was mixed lineage. The PAS positivity, defined by the presence of blocks or coarse granules in 5% or more of the blasts, was found in 15 of 29 lymphoblastic leukemias and in four of the myeloblastic leukemias. However, PAS-positive lymphoblastic leukemias were negative with the other cytochemical stains: myeloperoxidase, Sudan black B, and alpha-naphthyl butyrate esterase. The PAS-positive myeloblastic leukemias were positive with at least one other stain. Three cases of myeloblastic leukemia exhibited greater than 10% PAS-positive blasts, with all three being acute monoblastic leukemia. Thus, the sensitivity and specificity of the PAS stain alone for lymphoblastic leukemia was 52% (15 true positives of 29) and 81% (four false positives), respectively. The sensitivity of a cytochemical-staining combination of PAS positivity and myeloperoxidase, Sudan black B, and alpha-naphthyl butyrate esterase negativity in defining cases of lymphoblastic leukemia remained at 52%; however, the specificity of this combination for lymphoblastic leukemia was 100% (no false positives). Thus, a positive PAS stain, in combination with negative myeloperoxidase, Sudan black B, and alpha-naphthyl butyrate esterase stains, continues to have a diagnostic role in the distinction between lymphoblastic and myeloblastic leukemia, and greater immunologic sophistication serves to support this position.
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PMID:Reevaluation of the periodic acid-Schiff stain in acute leukemia with immunophenotypic analyses. 170 62

Leukemic cells from 15 patients with acute myelomonocytic leukemia (M4) were investigated by light and electron microscopy. As controls, the blood cells from 2 normal volunteers and 3 acute monocytic leukemia (M5b) were examined. To identify monocytic cells, a double esterase (DE) staining combining with alpha-naphthyl butyrate esterase (ANBE) and naphthol-ASD chloroacetate esterase (N-ASD-CAE) stainings was used. According to DE staining, M4 leukemic cells were classified into ANBE positive cells, N-ASD-CAE positive cells and DE-positive cells coated vesides. Ultrastructurally, M4 leukemic cells possessed indented nuclear membrane, clusters of myeloperoxidase-positive rod-like granules, coated vesicles, abundant smooth endoplasmic vesicles and invaginated cell membrane similarly to M5b leukemic cells and normal monocytes. These features were observed not only in the ANBE positive cells but also in the DE-positive cells. The N-ASD-CAE positive cells in M4 ultrastructurally showed atypical features of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and possessed monocytic characteristics to some extents. M4 leukemic cells occasionally showed some peculiar structures such as the reticulated lamellae complex, paired cisternae and annulate lamellae. The cells showing erythrophagocytosis were either observed. Combining the results of DE staining and electron microscopy, it was suggested that M4 is closely associated with the malignant transformation of a monocyte/granulocyte precursor cell which has an ability to differentiate to both monocyte and granulocyte.
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PMID:[A light and electron microscopic study of acute myelomonocytic leukemia cells in comparison with normal monocytes and acute monocytic leukemia cells]. 247 83

Mo5 is a 94-kd protein antigen expressed by human peripheral blood monocytes, neutrophils, and by all bone marrow myeloperoxidase-positive myeloid precursors (promyelocytes, myelocytes, metamyelocytes, and bands). Mo5 is borne by the malignant cells of 74% of patients (N = 27) with acute monocytic leukemia (French-American-British [FAB] group M4, M5), and 50% of patients (N = 38) with acute granulocytic leukemia (FAB M1, M2, and M3). Nonmyeloid cells in peripheral blood and bone marrow are Mo5-negative. The surface expression of Mo5 by myeloid cells is modulated by several experimental conditions: Exposure of neutrophils to calcium ionophore (1 mumol/L, 37 degrees C, ten minutes) under conditions resulting in degranulation of specific granules produces a three- to fourfold increase in the plasma membrane density of Mo5 antigen. This suggests that, in neutrophils, there is an intracellular pool of Mo5 antigen, which may be associated with specific granules, and that granule-associated Mo5 is translocated to the plasma membrane upon degranulation. Conversely, incubation of monocytes, neutrophils, U-937, and Mo5-positive leukemia cells in medium containing anti-Mo5 monoclonal antibody results in a significant decrease in surface Mo5 expression. This loss of surface Mo5 is a rapid, temperature-dependent process (occurring within 30 minutes at 37 degrees C) that is produced by divalent anti-Mo5 immunoglobulin [F(ab')2 but not F(ab)]. After down-modulation, Mo5 is reexpressed by monocytes within 48 hours. Mo5 is therefore a human myelomonocytic differentiation antigen whose expression is modulated up or down depending on the nature of extracellular stimuli.
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PMID:The modulated expression of Mo5, a human myelomonocytic plasma membrane antigen. 257 92

A 34 year-old female was admitted because of anemia and leukopenia. Her bone marrow contained abundant blastic cells, which were histochemically positive for peroxidase and alpha-naphthyl butyrate esterase, but negative for ASD chloroacetate esterase. She was diagnosed as acute monocytic leukemia (FAB, M5a). Complete remission was achieved after the administration of BHAC, daunorubicin, 6MP and prednisolone, and she was discharged after consolidation therapies. But shortly later, she noticed hoarseness and erythematous nodules on her breast and abdomen. Though the examinations of peripheral blood and bone marrow did not show any abnormality, hoarseness rapidly worsened and she complained of dyspnea. X-ray and CT scan demonstrated narrowing of the trachea under the cricoid cartilage, and trans-tracheal biopsy revealed leukemic involvement. In addition, erythematous skin lesion showed the infiltration of leukemic cells by biopsy. Although radiation and chemotherapy was initiated, she died of pneumonia. We tried to discuss the laryngo-tracheal and skin involvement of acute monocytic leukemia as early symptoms of relapse.
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PMID:[Relapse of acute monocytic leukemia present with skin and tracheal involvement]. 262 95

A 71-year old male was admitted to our hospital because of general malaise and fever. Peripheral blood showed Hb 8.1 g/dl, platelet 7.0 X 10(4)/microliters, and WBC 18.100/microliters with 64% leukemic cells. Bone marrow showed normocellularity with 73.4% leukemic cells. They were positive for peroxidase and alpha-naphthyl butyrate esterase stainings. Serum and urine lysozyme levels were elevated. He was diagnosed as having acute myelomonocytic leukemia (M 4 in FAB classification). Chromosome analysis of bone marrow cells showed 45, XY, -17, t (9; 17) (q22; p13) and double minute chromosomes (DMs) were observed in the 50 cells analyzed. A complete remission (CR) was obtained by DCMP regimen, but he relapsed as acute monocytic leukemia (M 5 b in FAB classification) and died 5 months after diagnosis. DMs appear to be rare in acute leukemia and the clinical and etiologic implications of DMs are discussed.
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PMID:[Double minute chromosomes (DMs) in a case of acute myelomonocytic leukemia]. 279 99

Out of 60 patients with acute myeloid leukemia not preceded by chronic myelocytic leukemia or any preleukemic phase, 7 had both lymphoid and myeloid markers. All patients expressed common acute lymphatic leukemia antigen (CALLA) in 20% or more of their leukemic cells, which also showed positive peroxidase reaction. In addition, 4 patients had Auer rods. Two additional patients had morphologically clear acute monocytic leukemia (FAB M5b) and cells expressing CALLA. In 4 of the 7 patients the sum of the percentages of peroxidase or Leu M1 + and CALLA-positive blast cells exceeded 100%, suggesting that at least some of the cells had both myeloid and lymphoid markers. Moreover, out of 3 patients where double staining with the CALLA antibody J5 and the myeloid marker Leu M1 was performed, 2 had both markers on the same cells.
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PMID:Leukemic myeloblasts expressing lymphoid markers. 293 54


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