Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:1.11.1.6 (catalase)
 55,569 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Fifty-six brains from middle-aged and elderly normal as well as demented subjects and patients with provisional clinical diagnosis of other neurological and psychiatric diseases were assessed histologically. On this basis the specimens were classified into 14 diagnostic groups. A survey of potential indices of specific neurons has been carried out on these brains in which neurotransmitter-related enzymes, gamma-GTP (a potential index of capillaries) and specific proteins have been determined in up to 20 brain regions. In addition, the agonal state has been tentatively assessed by examining the post-mortem states of the circulatory and respiratory systems. CAT and gamma-GTP activities and the concentration of a soluble neuronal-type protein (neuronin S-5) were found to be relatively unaffected by the agonal state. When cases of senile dementia were compared to controls (matched with respect to the cause of death) the activity of CAT (the potential index of cholinergic neurons) appears to be reduced in the cerebral cortex. This is a preliminary finding, although a correlation was indicated between CAT activity and 'senile' morphological changes, the activity was markedly reduced in only 3 brains. However, despite inconsistencies in the literature (Karczmar, 1975) at least one pharmacological study on humans appears to show that the cholinergic system may be involved in age-related memory degeneration (Drachman and Leavitt, 1974). Cholinergic neurons may be abnormal in the other abiotrophies examined (Huntington's chorea, motor neuron disease and mixed vascular and senile dementia). gamma-GTP and neuronin S-5 (identical in most respects to the soluble acidic neuronal protein 14-3-2 of antigen alpha) were not reduced in senile dementia. The activities of brain decarboxylase (GAD and AAD) and the concentration of another soluble acidic brain protein (neuronin S-6) appear to be affected by the agonal state. This is remarkable because GAD and, in particular, neuronin S6, are relatively unaffected by post-mortem autolysis. As judged by the state of the extraneural systems which regulated the blood and oxygen supply to the brain it appears that terminal 'cerebral hypoxia' is responsible for the depletion of these brain constituents. This effect appears to be particularly marked in deep grey matter. In non-demented patients that die of bronchopneumonia, the areas of the cortex which are depleted in neuronin S-6 are consistent with the pattern of the 'selective vulnerability' of the cortex to hypoxia, suggesting that the terminal state can also affect the neocortex. If so, then this is particularly relevant to studies on senile dementia, for the effect of the terminal bronchopneumonia that so often occurs in these patients (and in patients with other abiotrophies) may be exacerbated by a terminal reduction in cerebral blood flow...
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PMID:Neurotransmitter-related enzymes and indices of hypoxia in senile dementia and other abiotrophies. 1 71

Unilateral intranigral infusion of kainic acid (1.5 microgram) produced neuronal loss in the lateral two-thirds of the nigra while sparing axons en passage. Fink-Heimer silver impregnation revealed dense terminal degeneration in the nigra itself (both in the compacta and in the reticulata) and in areas of non-dopaminergic nigral projection such as the ventromedial (VM) nucleus of the thalamus, the superior colliculus and the reticular formation; only spare terminal degeneration was found in areas of dopaminergic projection such as the caudate and septum. In order to clarify the nature of the transmitter of the nigrothalamic and nigrocollicular neurons, the activity of glutamic decarboxylase (GAD), the marker of cholinergic neurons, was measured in the VM and ventrobasal (VB) thalamus and in the nigra of each side, 7 days after unilateral intranigral injection of kainic acid. GAD activity was reduced significantly in the VM-thalamus (-33%), in the superior colliculus (-40%) and in the substantia nigra (-18%) but not in the VB-thalamus of the lesioned side. CAT remained unchanged in these areas. Similar results were obtained in the thalamus and in the superior colliculus after electrocoagulative lesions of the nigra. The results indicate the existence of a nigrothalamic and of a nigrocollicular GABAergic pathway. This projection might play an important role in motor coordination and gaze control.
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PMID:Evidence for a GABAergic projection from the substantia nigra to the ventromedial thalamus and to the superior colliculus of the rat. 4 Jun 67

A technique is described for on-line classification of evoked potentials (EPs) into distinct groups for separate averaging according to a criterion available after the beginning of the EPs. It is suitable for analysing psychophysiological correlations (relationship between EPs and subjective perception). The system consists of a slightly modified NTA 512 B (Hungarian) average response computer (however, any CAT-computer-like device can be used in a similar way) and of an additional device. It can be used in all cases when the number of subjective judgements according to which EPs have to be classified can be limited to two (or three, when, by slightly changing the system, all quarters of memory are used).
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PMID:A technique for on-line classification of evoked potentials into two groups according to subjective interpretation of the stimulus. 5 25

The potential role of the CAT scan in detecting and quantitating acute myocardial infarctions was assessed in the excised hearts of 25 dogs with 48-hour-old myocardial infarctions. The CAT scan detected the infarct in every instance and distinguished subendocardial from transmural infarctions. While the CAT scan slightly underestimated the volume of infarcted tissue, this volume had a close linear relationship to the true volume determined by histochemical staining. On the other hand, the 99mTc-pyrophosphate scintiscans grossly overestimated the volume of infarcted tissue. Intravenous administration of contrast material prior to sacrifice produced contrast enhancement either of the rim or diffusely throughout the infarct. Thus CAT should have an important role not only in detecting but also in estimating the volume of acute myocardial infarctions.
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PMID:Detection, quantitation and contrast enhancement of myocardial infarction utilizing computerized axial tomography: comparison with histochemical staining and 99mTc-pyrophosphate imaging. 7 54

On the basis of 88 patients examined with CAT, the writers consider the merits of this method of investigation in a study of endocranial complications in blood diseases. Interest in CAT is related in great part to its innoccuousness (making it possible to extend its application to often seriously ill patients) and the precision of the images which are obtained. This precision makes it possible to visualize lesions which at times can not be detected with other methods. A great part of present knowledge on endocranial complications in blood diseases is based on autopsy findings. With CAT, there is definitely the possibility of performing anatomical studies during the patient's lifetime, thus providing a better understanding of the characteristics and frequency of these complications. This is already made clear by this preliminary study, particularly in the area of acute leukemia and Hodgkin's disease.
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PMID:[Endocranial complications in hemopathies. Merits of computerized axial tomography (CAT) (author's transl)]. 9 88

Twenty-two patients with adenocarcinoma metastatic to the liver were treated with rapid fractionation whole-liver irradiation (1350-2100 rads in 300-rad fractions) with simultaneous intrahepatic 5-fluorouracil (10-15 mg/kg/day) and intrahepatic Adriamycin 2.5-10 mg/m2/day) as part of a Phase I-II study. Of the 21 patients who completed therapy, 19 had colorectal carcinoma and 2 had metastatic adenocarcinoma of unknown origin. Objective response was judged by measurement of liver size, evaluation of liver function tests, and by liver scan or CAT scan of the liver. Ten of the 21 evaluable patients responded, yielding an overall response rate of 47.6%. The response rate in patients with colorectal carcinoma was 55% (10/19). At this time, median duration of response is 14+ weeks and median survival from onset of therapy is 15+ weeks. Hematologic and gastrointestinal toxicity were tolerable. No hepatic toxicity was documented. This combined modality therapy was found to be a safe effective method for the palliation of liver metastasis.
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PMID:Combined modality therapy of hepatic metastasis. Northern California Oncology Group Pilot Study. 11 78

Based on findings obtained from 442 patients with various cerebral diseases by comparative evaluation of cerebral serial scintigraphy (cSS) and cranial axial compouted transmission tomography (T-CAT), a scheme is introduced which illustrates reasonable employment of cSS in combination with T-CAT in patients presumed to have (a) "intracranial tumor", (b) "cerebrovascular disease" or (c) "unspecific symptoms". Concerning group (a), T-CAT should primarily be employed; as to groups (b) and (c), cSS is recommended to be the first study.
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PMID:[The role of cerebral serial scintigraphy within the noninvasive diagnosis of cerebral diseases (author's transl)]. 15 64

Diminishing right ocular visual acuity for three weeks in a 30 year old man was confirmed by examination. Bilateral scotomata and bitemporal hemiachromatopsia indicated a chiasmal lesion; reduced visual acuity and Marcus Gunn pupil of the right eye and left relative temporal hemianopia indicated asymmetric involvement. Erythrocytes in the CSF verified a suspected subarachnoid bleed; contrast-enhanced CAT scan demonstrated a suprasellar mass. A cystic, multiloculated, bluish mass distorted the right optic nerve, tract, and chiasm. A hematoma was evacuated and biopsy revealed a cavernous hemangioma of the right optic nerve. Post-operatively, visual acuity has recovered in the right eye but a left homonymous temporal hemianopia has developed.
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PMID:Cavernous hemangioma of optic chiasm, optic nerves and right optic tract. Case report and review of literature. 15 24

One of the few well documented cases of cerebellar glioblastoma multiforme in an adult is reported. In addition, to our knowledge, it is the first reported case in which the angiographic, pneumoencephalographic, nuclear scan and CAT data have been correlated. In this case the CAT scan proved the most sensitive in the demonstration of tumor.
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PMID:Cerebellar glioblastoma multiforme in an adult. 18 Jun 21

6-14/sec positive spikes (PS) (in our cases 7-14) were observed during 6 all-night sleep, recordings in one pair of monozygotic twins (aged 7 years), who had severe speech retardation, no epilepsy and were otherwise normal (CAT were normal). The EEG during wakefulness and sleep showed multifocal independent spikes over the left mid-temporal and right parieto-occipital area. The 7-14 PS, which were similar in both twins, occurred slightly during light sleep, were absent during slow sleep and were most prominent during REM sleep (mean=6.3 sec of PS bursts/min of REM). During REM sleep, the 7-14 PS bursts were negatively related to bursts of eye movements; PS were 7 times more frequent in the intervals between than during bursts of eye movements. In addition, long bursts of PS (up to 6 sec) might interupt the bursts of eye movements suggesting a functional antagonism between mechanisms (still unclear) responsible for PS and for REM. The predominance of PS during REM sleep and the inverse relationship with eye movements are not peculiar to our case, since similar findings have been reported in other cases (TSUZUKI 1967; OKUMA et al. 1968). During the sleep stages when Ps occurred spontaneously, PS could also be evoked by a click or a tone, with a latency of 1, 5-2 sec.
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PMID:[Excessive 7-14-sec positive spikes during REM sleep in monozygotic non-epileptic twins with speech retardation (author's transl)]. 20 78


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