Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:1.11.1.6 (catalase)
 55,569 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Human erythrocyte lysate proteins were resolved into over 250 discrete spots by two-dimensional electrophoresis using isoelectric focusing in the first dimension and electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate, (SDS) in the second. The overwhelming excess of hemoglobin has made such analyses difficult in the past. However, with the ISO-DALT two-dimensional electrophoresis system, large numbers of red cell proteins can be mapped in the presence of hemoglobin. When hemoglobin and several other major proteins are removed by adsorption to DEAE-cellulose, additional minor components are seen, giving a total of over 275. With the use of purified preparations, the map positions of five cell enzymes or their subunits were determined: pyruvate kinase, catalase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase, and carbonic anhydrase. The mapping techniques described complement and extend those traditionally used to find human red cell protein variants.
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PMID:Red cell proteins. I. Two-dimensional mapping of human erythrocyte lysate proteins. 10 31

The effects of K2PtCl4, cis-Pt(NH3)2Cl2, and trans-Pt(NH3)2Cl2 on the activities of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, dihydrofolate reductase, fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase, catalase, tyrosinase, and peroxidase have been investigated. All of the enzymes which are thought to have essential sulfhydryl groups (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, aldolase, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase) were significantly inhibited by K2PtCl4. The other four enzymes studied are not known to have essential sulfhydryl groups, and were not significantly affected by the Pt compounds under the conditions employed. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase was the only enzyme inhibited by all three Pt compounds tested, with K2PtCl4 being the most effective and cis-Pt(NH3)2Cl2 the least effective inhibitor. Semilogarithmic plots of residual activity versus inhibition time indicated that the inhibition reactions were not simple first-order processes, except for the inhibition of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase by K2PtCl4 which appeared to be first-order with respect to enzyme concentration.
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PMID:The effects of platinum complexes on seven enzymes. 11 85

Investigations on the activity of three erythrocytic enzymes i.e., glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH), catalase and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), in 20 patients with extracorpuscular hemolytic anemias of various origins showed a general tendency to decrease of G-6-PDH and catalase, with a concomitant increase in LDH. These results are interpreted as due to metabolic disturbances induced by hemolysis in the erythroblastic series and/or to possible perturbations specific for each type of anemia.
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PMID:Study of some erythrocytic enzymes in extracorpuscular hemolytic anemias. 28 54

Penicillamine, a cysteine analog with a reduced sulfhydryl group, has been used in this laboratory for the treatment of hereditary avian dystrophy. The drug delays the onset of symptoms and alleviates the debilitating aspects of the disease. To study the mechanism of drug action, the effects of penicillamine on white and red muscles of dystrophic chickens were examined with regard to the specific activities of the soluble enzymes glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, acetylphosphatase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, glutathione reductase, glutathione preoxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase. The sulfhydryl contents of the soluble proteins and the concentration of myoglobin were also determined. In white dystrophic muscle (pectoral), there were large alterations in the various enzymatic activities compared to normal levels. In the DISCUSSION, these changes are related to the pathogenesis of the disease and to the adaptive response for protection of the severely affected fast fibers. Red dystrophic muscles (thigh) were minimally involved, in accordance with the known sparing action of the slow fiber type. The results suggested that the disease process in dystrophic muscle may be due to oxidation of the essential sulfhydryl groups of proteins. Penicillamine may produce therapeutic effects by altering the intracellular redox status, thereby promoting better regulation of enzymatic activity, membrane stability, and improved muscle function.
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PMID:Mechanism of action of penicillamine in the treatment of avian muscular dystrophy. 28 17

The nematicidal compound alpha-terthienyl from roots of Tagetes species generates upon irradiation with near ultraviolet light reactive oxygen species on which the in vitro nematicidal activity depends. This system was studied by following the inhibition of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase by photoactivated alpha-terthienyl and protection of the enzyme activity in the absence of oxygen and by various additions. Addition of mannitol, benzoate, superoxide dismutase or catalase did not have any effect nor did H2O2. This suggests that OH., O-.2, and H2O2 are not the reactive oxygen species involved. The enzyme was protected against photoactivated alpha-terthienyl in air-saturated solutions by singlet oxygen quenchers such as histidine, methionine, tryptophan, bovine serum albumin, and NaN3. Furthermore, inactivation of the enzyme was about 3.5 times faster in D2O than in H2O. When alpha-terthienyl in CH2Cl2 was irradiated in the presence of the olefin adamantylideneadamantane, a stable dioxetane was formed which decomposed to adamantanone when heated above its melting point. These results indicate a singlet oxygen-mediated process.
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PMID:Photoactivation of the nematicidal compound alpha-terthienyl from roots of marigolds (Tagetes species). A possible singlet oxygen role. 42 57

Neonatal rats were given aqueous lead acetate intragastrically from d 2-20 of life at doses of 0, 10, 50, and 225 mg Pb/kg.d. Blood Pb concentrations on d 21 were (mean +/- SE) 23 +/- 3 (control), 63 +/- 19, 246 +/- 55, and 994 +/- 223 microgram/100 ml, and brain Pb concentrations were 14 +/- 2, 60 +/- 5, 114 +/- 15, and 275 +/- 26 microgram/100 g, respectively. Growth was significantly depressed only in rats given the highest dose of Pb (225 mg/kg.d). Solvent-extractable lipofuscin pigment concentration of brain tissue progressively decreased over the 21-d duration of the experiment but was not significantly altered at any dose of Pb. Brain glutathione peroxidase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase activities were stimulated on d 20 at the maximal dose of Pb, but the activities of brain superoxide dismutases and catalase were not altered by Pb exposure. Locomotor activity was significantly increased in the male animals on d 20, but only at the highest dose of Pb. These results indicate that Pb toxicity in neonatal rats is not associated with accelerated in vivo lipid peroxidation in the brain, but that certain oxidant defense mechanisms in the brain are stimulated by Pb.
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PMID:Brain lipofuscin concentration and oxidant defense enzymes in lead-poisoned neonatal rats. 49 Jun 80

(1) Oxygen uptake and lactate production of different strains of ascites tumor cells were assayed after exposure to an extracellular photochemical system known to produce reactive oxygen derivatives. The various cells tested showed differential sensitivity to the treatment, ranging from nearly full inactivation of Ehrlich cells to nearly full resistance of Yoshida cells. (2) Glucose plus succinate added after the treatment reestablished basal oxygen uptake capacity suggesting that the cell membrane was the primary site of damage. This was confirmed by dye-permeabilization and protein leakage in sensitive cells. (3) H2O2 was shown to be the only relevant oxygen derivative in the production of cell damage: catalase was the only externally added agent that protected sensitive cells, and H2O2 (congruent to 10(-3) M) had the same effects as the photochemical treatment. (4) While the absence of catalase is a feature common to all tumors tested, sensitivity to H2O2 appears to be related to cellular levels of glutathione peroxidase and of its subsidiary enzymes glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glutathione reductase and glutathione synthetase.
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PMID:Differential sensitivity of tumor cells to externally generated hydrogen peroxide. Role of glutathione and related enzymes. 55 3

The effect of propylthiouracil on glucose metabolism in human polymorphonuclear leucocytes was studied. At a therapeutically achievable concentration (0.1 mM), propylthiouracil stimulated hexose monophosphate shunt activity in normal leucocytes during phagocytosis but not in resting cells. However, in the presence of hydrogen peroxide it stimulated hexose monophosphate shunt activity in resting cells, and in the soluble fraction when reduced glutathione and reduced nictotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) were also present. Propylthiouracil had nor effect on glucose-1-C oxidation in either phagocytosing or resting leucocytes obtained from two male patients with chronic granulomatous disease. Stimulation of the hexose monophosphate shunt activity in normal leucocytes during phagocytosis also was demonstrated with methimazole, thiouracil and thiourea, but not with adenine, uracil or urea. There was an apparent minimal common structure requirement in thriourea. Propylthiouracil had no effect on phagocytosis, formate oxidation, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase or catalase activities. Thus, the stimulation of the hexose monophosphate shunt activity by propylthiouracil is dependent on hydrogen peroxide and is best explained by its stimulation or participation in the glutathione cycle.
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PMID:Stimulation by propylthiouracil of the hexose monophosphate shunt in human polymorphonuclear leucocytes during phagocytosis. 120 Dec 38

The glutathione status of Plasmodium vinckei parasitized erythrocytes of mice was determined in correlation to the intraerythrocytic stage of maturation of the parasite. The different stages of blood schizogony were separated by discontinuous Dextran-density-centrifugation. The changes of protein content, glutathione concentration (reduced/oxidized and bound/free glutathione) and in the specific activities of the following enzymes: gamma-glutamyl-cysteine-synthetase (GC-synthetase), glutathione-reductase (GR), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (Gl-DH), glutathione-peroxydase (G-POD) and catalase were investigated in dependence of the intraerythrocytic stage of development. The following changes of the investigated metabolic parameters were observed during the schizogony: - the protein content decreased to about one half, - the glutathione concentration increased about 10-fold, while the relations reduced/oxidized and free/bound glutathione remained constant, - Gl-DH activity appeared and increased steeply, - the specific activities of GC-synthetase and of GR increased more than 2-fold, while G-POD remained almost constant, - and the activities of G-6-PDH and catalase showed a significant, strong decrease to about 25% of the original values. It is tried to relate the observed changes to the growing parasite or to the host cell. The significance of the results for the metabolism of malaria parasites and for a possible adaptation to the mosquito by a GSH mediated protection of the malaria parasite against an enzymatic defence-reaction of the mosquito, is discussed.
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PMID:[Glutathionestatus of Plasmodium vinckei parasitized erythrocytes in correlation to the intraerythrocytic development of the parasite (author's transl)]. 121 29

Acute single dose administration of lanthanum chloride (250 mg/kg body wt, ip) to chicks have been found to alter the levels of enzymes of the antioxidant defence system of chick renal cortex fractions. Such changes involved significant decrease in activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase of kidney epithelial cells. However glutathione-S-transferase activity was not altered. Glutathione and total thiol contents were decreased while lipoperoxidative reactions in kidney-cortex was significantly enhanced. The data indicate that amelioration of lanthanum toxicity condition by methionine supplementation may be due to the methionine serving as a precursor of glutathione.
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PMID:Curative effect of methionine on certain enzymes of chick kidney cortex under lanthanum toxicity situation. 129 80


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