Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:1.11.1.6 (catalase)
 55,569 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Obesity is associated with oxidative stress. Endurance training (ET) in healthy individuals increases antioxidant enzyme activity and decreases oxidative stress, whereas its effects on oxidative status in obese humans have yet to be determined. We investigated the effects of obesity and ET on markers of oxidative stress, antioxidant defense, and inflammation. Obese (n=12) and lean (n=12) women underwent 12 weeks of ET with blood, 24-h urine, and muscle biopsies collected prior to and following training for determination of oxidative stress (urinary 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine and 8-isoprostanes, muscle protein carbonyls, and 4-hydroxynonenal), antioxidant enzyme protein content (muscle CuZnSOD, MnSOD, and catalase), and inflammation (C-reactive protein, leptin, adiponectin, interleukin-6). Obese women had elevated urinary 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (P=0.03), muscle protein carbonyls (P=0.03), and 4-hydroxynonenal (P<0.001); serum C-reactive protein (P=0.01); and plasma leptin (P=0.0001) and interleukin-6 (P=0.03). ET decreased urinary 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (P=0.006) and 8-isoprostanes (P=0.02) in all subjects and CuZnSOD protein content (P=0.04) in obese women, in the absence of changes in body weight or composition. ET without weight loss decreases systemic oxidative stress, but not markers of inflammation, in obese women.
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PMID:Endurance training without weight loss lowers systemic, but not muscle, oxidative stress with no effect on inflammation in lean and obese women. 1850 11

The age-associated decline in cellular antioxidant defenses and resultant accumulation of DNA damage in central nervous system has been mechanistically implicated in the etiology and pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Neurons possess a high metabolic activity and are especially vulnerable to the long-term effects of continuous exposure to endogenous reactive oxygen species. It is well recognized that adequate availability of essential nutrients involved in cellular one-carbon metabolism is essential for normal brain development and function. Additionally, the synthesis of the primary low-molecular cellular antioxidant glutathione is inter-dependently linked to one-carbon metabolic pathway. Thus, any aberrant disruptions in one-carbon metabolism can result in potentially deleterious effects including cell death as a result of an imbalance in the cellular redox state. Hence, in the present study, we examined the long-term effects of a folate/methyl-deficient (FMD) diet on cellular antioxidant defenses and DNA damage in the rat brain. Feeding male Fisher 344 rats a FMD diet resulted in perturbations in the levels of one-carbon metabolites along with induction of oxidative stress and oxidative DNA damage in the brain. This was evidenced by a decrease in the reduced oxidized/glutathione ratio, imbalance of cellular antioxidant defense system; specifically, altered activity and expression of antioxidant enzymes Mn-containing superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), catalase, and glutathione peroxidase (GPX), increased accumulation of oxidative DNA lesions, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG) and DNA single-strand breaks, even in the presence of increased expression of critical DNA repair genes apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (Apex1) and DNA polymerase beta (Polbeta), and apoptosis in the brains of folate/methyl-deficient rats. These results indicate that chronic methyl group deficiency leads to an imbalance in cellular antioxidant defense systems, increased oxidative stress, and apoptosis. Any of these events may compromise normal central nervous system function and contribute to the development of various neurological, behavioral, and neurocognitive dysfunctions.
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PMID:Induction of oxidative stress and DNA damage in rat brain by a folate/methyl-deficient diet. 1869 37

Chromium picolinate (CrPic) is a popular nutritional supplement; however, its safety has been questioned as it may be a source of oxidative stress that induces genotoxicity. The current work investigated the effect of excessive CrPic intake on oxidative damage in growing-finishing pigs. Thirty castrated male pigs, weighing approximately 30 kg each, were randomly divided into five groups and fed a diet with 0, 200, 800, 1,600, 3,200 microg of Cr/kg feed as CrPic for 80 days (approximately the entire growing-finishing period). High CrPic dose significantly decreased superoxide dismutase activity in serum at 80 days as well as the catalase activity in kidney (p < 0.05); however, compared to controls, malondialdehyde in tissue and serum, urinary 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine level, and DNA strand breaks in liver and kidney had no notable differences (p > 0.05). These results suggested that long-term exposure to different doses of CrPic in feed did not increase the formation of biomarkers of oxidative damage in growing-finishing pigs. However, taking into account the changes of antioxidant enzymes activity, excessive dietary CrPic intake was not recommended in this study.
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PMID:Study of oxidative damage in growing-finishing pigs with continuous excess dietary chromium picolinate intake. 1870 73

Flavonoids are a class of secondary metabolites abundantly found in fruits and vegetables. In addition, flavonoids have been reported as potent antioxidants with beneficial effects against oxidative stress-related diseases such as cancer, aging, and diabetes. The present study was carried out to investigate the cytoprotective effects of morin (2',3,4',5,7-pentahydroxyflavone), a member of the flavonoid group, against hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2))-induced DNA and lipid damage. Morin was found to prevent the cellular DNA damage induced by H(2)O(2) treatment, which is shown by the inhibition of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) formation (a modified form of DNA base), inhibition of comet tail (a form of DNA strand breakage), and decrease of nuclear phospho histone H2A.X expression (a marker for DNA strand breakage). In addition, morin inhibited membrane lipid peroxidation, which is detected by inhibition of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) formation. Morin was found to scavenge the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by H(2)O(2) treatment in cells, which is detected by a spectrofluorometer, flow cytometry, and confocal microscopy after staining of 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCF-DA). Morin also induces an increase in the activity of catalase and protein expression. The results of this study suggest that morin protects cells from H(2)O(2)-induced damage by inhibiting ROS generation and by inducing catalase activation.
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PMID:Cellular protection of morin against the oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide. 1879 23

A number of epidemiological studies suggest that the consumption of green tea reduces the incidence of prostate cancer. As the major catechins present in green tea are potent antioxidants, we hypothesized that genetic and cellular damage induced by oxygen free radicals could be significantly reduced by potent antioxidants in green tea, thus reducing the cumulative genetic and cellular damage with age, and slowing or preventing tumour formation. Long-term administration of a decaffeinated green tea extract to Lobund-Wistar rats for periods up to 26 months almost halved the incidence of primary tumours in the genitourinary tract when compared with an age-matched cohort receiving just water. We observed no inhibition of DNA adduct formation or lipid peroxidation in animals consuming green tea compared with animals consuming deionized water. The decrease in tumour formation was associated with an increase in 8-hydroxy-2'deoxyguanosine and 4-hydroxynonenal content (markers of DNA adduct formation and lipid peroxidation, respectively) in the epithelium of the ventral prostate in aging animals. In addition, there was an increase in 8-hydroxy-2'deoxyguanosine expression, but no change in 4-hydroxynonenal expression in the seminal vesicles of older animals. An age-associated increase in expression of the antioxidant enzymes manganese superoxide dismutase and catalase in the epithelium of the ventral prostate of aging animals was observed. Furthermore, there was also an increase in manganese superoxide dismutase expression, but no change in catalase expression in the seminal vesicles of older animals. These data demonstrate that consumption of green tea decreases the incidence of genitourinary tract tumours in the Lobund-Wistar rat, but has no effect on age-associated DNA adduct formation and lipid peroxidation in the ventral prostate and seminal vesicles of the aging rat.
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PMID:The effect of green tea on oxidative damage and tumour formation in Lobund-Wistar rats. 1894 71

Free radicals that induced lipid peroxidation and DNA damage have been implicated in many diseases including cancer. Cellular antioxidant defense plays an important role in neoplastic disease to counteract oxidative damage. This study aims to investigate the status of oxidative damage by measuring plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) level and urinary 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), and the level of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase in patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the cervix. Urinary 8-OHdG was measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. MDA and antioxidant enzyme activities were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography and spectrophotometry, respectively. Eighty patients with CIN and SCC of the cervix were recruited and compared with normal controls. Urinary 8-OHdG/creatinine ratio did not show any significant changes in any disease status studied as compared with controls (P=0.803). Plasma MDA was found to be increased in CIN and SCC patients when compared with controls (P=0.002). Glutathione peroxidase activity was increased (P=0.0001) whereas superoxide dismutase and catalase activity was decreased (P=0.019 and 0.0001, respectively) in both CIN and SCC patients when compared with controls. Urinary 8-OHdG may not be a good marker for enhanced oxidative stress in cervical cancer. Oxidative damage as demonstrated by the level of MDA is markedly increased in CIN and SCC patients with changes of enzymatic antioxidants observed.
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PMID:Oxidative damage and antioxidant status in patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and carcinoma of the cervix. 1894 77

The possible protective effects of resveratrol (RVT) against cardiotoxicity were investigated in Wistar albino rats treated with saline, saline+doxorubicin (DOX; 20 mg/kg) or RVT (10 mg/kg)+DOX. Blood pressure and heart rate were recorded on the 1st week and on the 7th week, while cardiomyopathy was assessed using transthoracic echocardiography before the rats were decapitated. DOX-induced cardiotoxicity resulted in decreased blood pressure and heart rate, but lactate dehydrogenase, creatine phosphokinase, total cholesterol, triglyceride, aspartate aminotransferase and 8-OHdG levels were increased in plasma. Moreover, DOX caused a significant decrease in plasma total antioxidant capacity along with a reduction in cardiac superoxide dismutase, catalase and Na+,K+-ATPase activities and glutathione contents, while malondialdehyde, myelopreoxidase activity and the generation of reactive oxygen species were increased in the cardiac tissue. On the other hand, RVT markedly ameliorated the severity of cardiac dysfunction, while all oxidant responses were prevented; implicating that RVT may be of therapeutic use in preventing oxidative stress due to DOX toxicity.
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PMID:Resveratrol treatment protects against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity by alleviating oxidative damage. 1916 20

Recent data from several studies suggest that oxidative stress is involved in the biochemical mechanisms that underlie neuropsychiatric disorders. The present study was designed to investigate oxidative stress status in depressive patients with gastric adenocarcinoma (GA) at TNM stage III. Oxidative stress, depression and expression of specific genes were monitored during a pretreatment period. Serum total antioxidant capacity, catalase, superoxide dismutase concentrations, and antisuperoxide anion capacity (A-ASC) were significantly decreased in depressive patients compared to control subjects, whereas serum malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were significantly increased. Importantly, the formation of 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) accumulated. Furthermore, SYBR Green real-time PCR revealed that the expression levels of human oxoguanine glycosylase 1 and APEX nuclease 1 (APEX1) were increased in depressive patients. Pearson correlation analysis revealed that depression was positively correlated with SAS, SCL-90, MDA, 8-OHdG and APEX1, but negatively correlated with A-ASC. Thus, this study confirms oxidative imbalance in depressive patients with GA, and oxidative stress may play a role in the onset and exacerbation of depression.
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PMID:Oxidative stress in depressive patients with gastric adenocarcinoma. 1927 8

The aim of this study is to assess the oxidative stress status in diabetes mellitus (DM) and diabetic nephropathy. The study group comprised 40 control subjects, 40 type 2 DM patients without complications and 37 diabetic nephropathies. Compared with control subjects, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, vitamin C were decreased (P < 0.01). There was a significant increase in serum malondialdehyde (MDA), conjugated diene (CD), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), protein carbonyl (PC) and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in diabetes patients when compared with normal subjects (P < 0.01). Moreover, these indexes were much higher in diabetic nephropathy than that of diabetic patients without vascular complications (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). There was a significant correlation between the serum glucose levels and PC, 8-OHdG (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). There were highly significant positive correlation of CD and MDA, AOPP and PC (P < 0.01). Plasma AOPP levels had a significant correlation with PC levels (P < 0.01). Our findings suggested that diabetes patients have more severe oxidative stress than normal persons and higher oxidative stress in diabetic nephropathy than those in patients without complications. Oxidative stress may play an important intermediary role in the pathogenesis of diabetes complications.
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PMID:The oxidative stress status in diabetes mellitus and diabetic nephropathy. 1947 34

Repression of excessive increase and enlargement of adipocytes that is closely associated with obesity is effective in the prevention and treatment of metabolic syndrome. Generally, apoptosis is induced in cells via a wide variety of intracellular or extracellular substances, and recently, it has been suggested that the FoxO subfamily is involved in the induction of apoptosis. We aimed to elucidate the mechanism of FoxO-mediated apoptosis-induction in the adipocytes under the reactive oxygen species (ROS) stimulus. The treatment of differentiated and undifferentiated 3T3-L1 cells with glucose oxidase (GOD), an enzyme that generates H(2)O(2), induced apoptosis and led to the accumulation of 8-OHdG. Apoptosis analysis revealed that GOD treatment induced apoptosis in differentiated 3T3-L1 cells less efficiently than in undifferentiated preadipocytes. GOD remarkably increased the levels of Bad, Bax, and Bim-the genes that are actively involved in cell apoptosis. GOD treatment also increased the expression of FoxO3a mRNA and protein. The introduction of FoxO3a-siRNA into 3T3-L1 cells suppressed the oxidative stress-induced expression of Bim mRNA, as well as the GOD-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, the expression of MnSOD, Cu/ZnSOD, and catalase, as well as of FoxO, increased significantly along with the progression of adipocyte differentiation. These results indicated that ROS-induced apoptosis in undifferentiated 3T3-L1 cells via the expression of FoxO3a, whereas FoxO expression suppressed the ROS-induced apoptosis in differentiated 3T3-L1 cells via the expression of ROS-scavenging enzymes.
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PMID:Mouse 3T3-L1 cells acquire resistance against oxidative stress as the adipocytes differentiate via the transcription factor FoxO. 1984 39


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