Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:1.11.1.6 (catalase)
55,569 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A total of 56 strains of Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) isolated from diarrhoeal patients were characterized by biochemical tests. The following reactions were performed: hydrolysis of hippurate, reduction of nitrate and nitrite, activity of deoxyribonuclease, hydrolysis of Tween(R) 40, 60 and 80. Including the hydrolysis of the different Tweens(R), 14 biotypes could be distinguished. 19 out of the 56 strains of C. jejuni and the nomenclatural type strains of C. jejuni, C. coli, C. laridis, C. fetus subsp. fetus, subsp. venerealis, C. faecalis, C. sputorum subsp. sputorum, subsp. mucosalis, subsp. bubulus were examined for the production of volatile (VFA) and non-volatile (NVFA) short-chain fatty acids using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a column for organic acids (Aminex HPX-87 H). A standard mixture of 21 short-chain fatty acids was taken as reference. By this method 5 biotypes of C. jejuni could be characterized. The most frequent biotype was type 1 (78.9%). All the biotypes produced succinic, acetic and butyric acids. Differences existed in the production of pyruvic, malonic, formic and isobutyric acids. C. jejuni could rapidly and clearly be distinguished from C. coli, C. fetus subspp. and catalase-negative Campylobacter species. No qualitative differences were found between the subspecies of C. fetus, C. sputorum subsp. sputorum and subsp. bubulus, C. sputorum subsp. mucosalis and C. faecalis were characterized by presence of fumaric and malonic acid, respectively.
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PMID:Studies on the identification of Campylobacter species using biochemical tests and high-performance liquid chromatography. 391 63

Between March 1980 and June 1981, five strains of Legionella-like organisms were isolated from water. Four were recovered from potable water collected from hospitals in Chicago, Ill., and Los Angeles, Calif., during outbreaks of nosocomial legionellosis. The fifth strain was isolated from water collected from an industrial cooling tower in Jamestown, N.Y. The strains exhibited biochemical reactions typical of Legionella species and were gram-negative motile rods which grew on buffered charcoal-yeast extract agar but not on blood agar, required cysteine, and were catalase positive, urease negative, nitrate negative, hippurate negative, and nonfermentative. All strains were positive for oxidase and beta-lactamase and produced a brown, diffusible pigment. Of the five strains, four exhibited blue-white autofluorescence under long-wavelength UV light. The fatty-acid composition and ubiquinone content of these strains were consistent with those of other Legionella species. Direct fluorescent-antibody examination of the five strains with conjugates to previously described Legionella species demonstrated no cross-reactions except with the conjugates to L. longbeachae serogroup 2 and L. bozemanii serogroup 2. Four strains gave a 4+ reaction to the L. longbeachae serogroup 2 conjugate and the fifth strain gave a 1+ reaction. Each of the five strains gave a 4+ reaction with the conjugate to L. bozemanii serogroup 2. DNAs from the five strains were highly related (84 to 99%) and showed 5 to 57% relatedness to other Legionella species. These strains constitute a new species in the genus Legionella, and the name Legionella anisa sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of L. anisa is WA-316-C3 (ATCC 35292).
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PMID:Legionella anisa: a new species of Legionella isolated from potable waters and a cooling tower. 398 9

Seventeen strains of filamentous sulfur bacteria were isolated in axenic culture from activated sludge mixed liquor samples and sulfide-gradient enrichment cultures. Isolation procedures involved plating a concentrated inoculum of washed filaments onto media containing sulfide or thiosulfate. The isolates were identified as Thiothrix spp., Beggiatoa spp., and an organism of uncertain taxonomic status, designated type 021N. All bacteria were gram negative, reduced nitrate, and formed long, multicellular trichomes with internal reserves of sulfur, volutin, and sudanophilic material. Thiothrix spp. formed rosettes and gonidia, and four of six strains were ensheathed. Type 021N organisms utilized glucose, lacked a sheath, and differed from Thiothrix spp. in several aspects of cellular and cultural morphology. Beggiatoa spp. lacked catalase and oxidase, and filaments were motile. Biochemical and physiological characterization of the isolates revealed important distinguishing features between the three groups of bacteria. Strain differences were most evident among the Thiothrix cultures. A comparison of the filamentous sulfur bacteria with freshwater strains of Leucothrix was made also.
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PMID:Filamentous sulfur bacteria of activated sludge: characterization of Thiothrix, Beggiatoa, and Eikelboom type 021N strains. 400 21

To determine whether staphylococci causing bovine mastitis are potential causes of human intoxications, 142 cultures identified as etiological agents of acute cases and 18 cultures causing chronic cases of staphylococcal mastitis were obtained from investigators in the United States and Canada, examined microscopically, and tested for carbohydrate utilization, terminal pH, catalase, coagulase, egg yolk hydrolysis, gelatin hydrolysis, cytochrome oxidase, urease production, nitrate reduction, micrococcal nuclease, phage type, and enterotoxin production. Three cultures were not confirmed as Staphylococcus aureus. Of the 157 S. aureus cultures, 23 produced staphylococcal enterotoxins. Although a direct relationship between staphylococcal mastitis and outbreaks of staphylococcal food poisoning was not proved, results indicated that staphylococcal infections of the bovine mammary gland represent a significant reservoir of enterotoxigenic strains of S. aureus.
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PMID:Enterotoxigenicity of Staphylococcus aureus cultures isolated from acute cases of bovine mastitis. 432 55

Certain dental plaques, removed from sites of gingival and periodontal pathology in mentally retarded, institutionalized individuals, when incubated in phosphate buffer with Achilles tendon collagen, gave rise to an increase in ninhydrin-positive material. These plaques, while showing great variability, released significantly more ninhydrin-positive material per milligram of plaque (wet weight) than did either the endogenous or heat-treated controls. Certain plaques could also break down soluble, tritiated, labeled collagen isolated from the calvaria of chicken embryos. Bacteroides melaninogenicus and Clostridia histolyticum were found in plaques by either fluorescent antibody or cultural methods. C. histolyticum, when detected, accounted for about 0.01 to 0.1% of the bacteria in plaque. A conspicuous isolate from some plaques was a Bacillus species which rapidly liquefied gelatin. Cell-free supernatants of this organism were able to degrade about 50 to 70% of the soluble collagen when incubated at 36 C. C. histolyticum ATCC 8034 caused an 80% degradation of the collagen under the same conditions of incubation. The Bacillus strains were facultative, could ferment glucose, reduced nitrate to nitrite, and were catalase, indole, and urease negative. The limited taxonomic information for the isolates is compatible with the description given for Bacillus cereus.
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PMID:Collagenolytic activity of dental plaque associated with periodontal pathology. 436 Dec 94

Various aspects of the microbiology of the Lebanon bologna process were studied. Manufacture of Lebanon bologna appeared to be similar to that of summer sausage and other fermented sausages and consisted of a lactic acid fermentation by lactobacilli accompanied by the production of cured meat color from the reduction of nitrate by micrococci. The traditional process consists of aging coarse ground beef at 5 C for several days. Aging the beef for about 10 days was necessary to allow development of lactic acid bacteria; for successful fermentation, the concentration of lactic acid producers must be 10(4)/g or more. At least 3% NaCl was necessary to suppress the development of pseudomonads during the aging period; higher concentrations of salt suppress the development of the lactic acid-producing flora. During aging, in the presence of salt, the predominant flora developing on the meat consisted of catalase-positive, gram-positive rods and cocci; during fermentation at 35 C, the predominant flora became catalase-negative, gram-positive rods with characteristics of lactobacilli. Lebanon bologna could be made from frozen beef if the meat was thawed, salted, and aged. However, bolognas could not be made from unaged beef unless a lactic acid starter culture was used. The microflora of several commercial bolognas is reported also.
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PMID:Microbiology of Lebanon bologna. 479 66

Fifty isolates of Rothia dentocariosa from diverse clinical sources were characterized by 28 separate tests. An attempt was made to select practical tests that could be completed in a minimal length of time. Rothia is also compared with Actinomyces and Nocardia with which it is often confused. Of the isolates 100% were positive in the following reactions: catalase production, nitrate and nitrite reduction, esculin hydrolysis, and acid production from glucose, sucrose, maltose, salicin, and glycerol. The importance of recognizing this organism is based on the fact that it is frequently isolated from human clinical materials and must be differentiated from morphologically similar organisms of the genera Actinomyces and Nocardia, which contain pathogenic members.
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PMID:Laboratory identification of Rothia dentocariosa and its occurrence in human clinical materials. 488 58

A reliable method has been developed for the isolation of host-independent (H-I; i.e., "saprophytic") strains of Bdellovibrio from host-dependent (H-D; i.e., "parasitic") cultures. The technique involves growing streptomycin-resistant (Sm(r)) H-D cultures on streptomycin-susceptible (Sm(8)) host cells. A lysate containing large numbers of the Sm(r) H-D cells and some remaining Sm(8) host cells is transferred to a selection medium which contains the antibiotic. The Sm(8) host cells in the lysate are killed, and the Sm(r) H-I strains develop in broth within 3 to 6 days. By use of this method, it has been possible to isolate H-I strains from 16 different H-D Bdellovibrio strains studied. The frequency of occurrence of host independence is in the range of one H-I colony per 10(6) to 10(7) plaque-forming units of H-D bdellovibrios. The H-I cultures are nonfermentative, do not reduce nitrate, are strongly proteolytic, are oxidase-positive, and do not utilize 14 different carbon compounds as sources of energy for growth. Most H-I cultures are catalase-positive upon initial isolation from H-D lysates, but some cultures lose this enzyme upon subsequent transfers through host-free media. Most H-I bdellovibrios are pleomorphic, consisting of vibrio- to spiral-shaped cells typically measuring 0.3 to 0.4 mum in width and 1 to 10 mum in length. All H-I bdellovibrios have a cytochrome a and c component (H-I A3.12 differs from the other strains in the location of the peaks of the cytochrome spectrum). All are sensitive to oxytetracycline and (except for strain H-I A3.12) to the vibriostatic pteridine 0/129; most bdellovibrios, except for H-I A3.12, are generally uniformly resistant or susceptible to a given antibiotic. Bdellovibrio and Vibrio spp. have common cytochrome difference spectra and susceptibilities to oxytetracycline and to the vibriostatic pteridine 0/129. All H-I bdellovibrios examined produce an exocellular protease which digests heat-killed host cells. Bdellovibrios possessing predatory and bacteriolytic properties could be reselected from H-I bdellovibrio cultures growing in the presence of living host cells. Attempts to select for bacteriolytic isolates from Vibrio and Spirillum spp. were unsuccessul.
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PMID:Isolation and characterization of host-independent Bdellovibrios. 490 59

A comparative study of 64 strains of Actinomyces israelii was done with the use of techniques standardized by the Subgroup on Taxonomy of the Microaerophilic Actinomycetes. Emphasis was placed on the range of variation to assist recognition of clinical isolates and aid in differentiation from Actinomyces-like organisms. None of the strains was positive for catalase or indole, or in the Voges-Proskauer test; 90% were methyl red-positive and 62% were nitrate-positive. Acid was produced from: glucose (100%), xylose (100%), salicin (98%), raffinose (95%), lactose (89%), cellobiose (83%), mannose (78%), arabinose (76%), inositol (58%), mannitol (48%), starch (31%), glycogen (0%), glycerol (0%), and rhamnose (0%). A. israelii can be identified by the fluorescent-antibody method, but there is no single morphological or biochemical characteristic which can be used for its identification. By both fluorescent-antibody and gel-diffusion techniques, the serological classification of A. israelii group D with serotypes 1 and 2 was verified. Eleven serotype 2 strains were compared morphologically, biochemically, and serologically with 53 serotype 1 strains. All but two of the serotype 2 strains produced viscous growth in broth and none fermented arabinose.
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PMID:Morphological, biochemical, and serological studies on 64 strains of Actinomyces israelii. 497 55

A red-pigmented organism, formerly known as marine psychrophile NRC 1004, has been classified as Vibrio psychroerythrus sp. n. Classification was mainly based on morphology, the ability of the organism to oxidize and ferment glucose, its sensitivity to vibriostat 0/129, and its deoxyribonucleic acid base composition of 40.0 moles% guanine plus cytosine, determined by thermal denaturation. The organism gave positive reactions for catalase, oxidase, and starch hydrolysis and produced acid from maltose and dextrin but not from arabinose. It was indole- and citrate-negative and reduced nitrate to nitrite without producing gas.
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PMID:Vibrio psychroerythrus sp. n.: classification of the psychrophilic marine bacterium, NRC 1004. 505 63


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