Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:1.11.1.6 (catalase)
55,569 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Four isolates of an unclassified microaerophilic bacterium resembling Campylobacter species were characterized by growth requirements, microscopic examination, biochemical characteristics, antimicrobial susceptibility tests, and protein profile analysis. The unclassified isolates were differentiated from Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli, Campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus, Campylobacter laridis, Campylobacter pylori, and an ovine isolate. The bacterium was fusiform shaped with a corrugated surface due to the presence of periplasmic fibers and had multiple bipolar flagella. Biochemically, the bacterium was separated from the Campylobacter controls by its negative catalase reaction, negative nitrate reduction, and no growth in 1% glycine. It was also resistant to ampicillin. Protein profile analysis demonstrated nine major protein bands present in the unclassified isolates that were absent in the Campylobacter controls. The bacterium also differed from the ovine isolate by its negative catalase reaction, rapid urea hydrolysis, and susceptibility to clindamycin, erythromycin, and tetracycline. Our results showed that the unclassified bacterium was distinct from the recognized Campylobacter species.
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PMID:Characterization of an unclassified microaerophilic bacterium associated with gastroenteritis. 334 2

Measurement of both chemiluminescence (CL) and the formation of 2-thiobarbituric acid-reacting substances (TBAR) has been used to study the delayed, nonenzymatic lipid peroxidation (LP) initiated in rat liver microsomes by ferrous chloride. Following Fe2+ addition, the CL technique revealed a burst of light emission (peak, Phase II) which was preceded by a period of little or no detectable photon production (delay, Phase I) and succeeded by an increased emission (Phase III). Analysis of TBAR indicated a low rate of LP during the delay which increased more than fivefold during a 1-min period and which corresponded to the CL peak. The delay length depended on both the Fe2+ concentration and the microsome concentration; increased Fe2+ yielded longer delays while increased microsome concentration decreased the delay. As reported by others [J. R. Bucher, M. Tien, and S. D. Aust (1983) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 111, 777-784; J. M. Braughler, L. A. Duncan, and R. L. Chase (1986) J. Biol. Chem. 261, 10282-10289], Fe3+ also decreased the delay. The ferric-nitrilotriacetate (Fe3+-NTA) complex was found to be more efficient than "free" Fe3+ [Fe(NO3)3]; a 100 microM concentration of the 1:1 Fe3+-NTA complex eliminated the delay due to 100 microM Fe2+, whereas 400 microM Fe(NO3)3 reduced the delay from 17.5 to 2.5 min. Incubation under reduced O2 tension demonstrated a requirement for O2 during the delay. The use of antioxidants [butylated hydroxytoluene, (+)-catechin, promethazine, and uric acid] and inhibitors of the Haber-Weiss reaction (mannitol, Tris buffer, dimethyl sulfoxide, catalase, and superoxide dismutase) indicated that the initiating species has characteristics of a weak oxidizing radical capable of either hydrogen or electron abstraction from suitable target molecules. We hypothesize that the delay that is sensitive to the Fe2+:microsome ratio is due to reductive elimination of the initiating species by "free" Fe2+. The nature of the initiating species has yet to be determined; however, the argument is presented that the perferryl ion (Fe3+-O2-.) may possess the characteristics required for the initiator.
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PMID:Delayed, ferrous iron-dependent peroxidation of rat liver microsomes. 342 33

Biopsy specimens of human gastric mucosa of patients with gastric complaints and subjected to endoscopic examination were cultured microaerobically, and Campylobacter pyloridis was detected in 46 out of 80 cases (57.5%). The organism was found in 13 out of 22 patients with gastritis, 11 out of 16 with gastric ulcer scar, 7 out of 16 with gastric ulcer, 3 out of 9 with gastric polyp, 4 out of 5 with gastric carcinoma, 2 out of 2 with esophagus carcinoma, and 6 out of 9 with other gastric diseases. The isolates were identified as C. pyloridis, demonstrating its characteristic features such as positive for oxidase and catalase, negative for reduction of nitrite and nitrate, positive for urease, no growth at 25 C, growth at 37 C, not tolerant to 1% glycine, and resistant to nalidixic acid. Positive alkaline phosphatase activity was considered as an additional feature characteristic for the strains of C. pyloridis. The major cellular fatty acids were tetradecanoic acid and 19-carbon-cyclopropane acid. This pattern is unique among Campylobacter species. The survival of the organism for a longer period than 60 min at pH 2.5 indicates its significant resistance to acidic environment.
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PMID:Isolation of Campylobacter pyloridis from human gastric mucosa and characterization of the isolates. 343 27

Fifty-two strains found to belong to Flavobacterium meningosepticum on the basis of DNA-DNA hybridization analyses were characterized and found to be phenotypically homogeneous. All strains were oxidase, catalase, indole, gelatinase and beta-galactosidase positive, and produced acid from glucose, mannose, fructose, maltose and mannitol; nitrate was not reduced. F. meningosepticum could be differentiated from Flavobacterium group IIb by its ability to produce beta-galactosidase, and by the latter taxon's ability to produce a bright yellow pigment in contrast to the weak or non-existing pigmentation of F. meningosepticum. Phenotypic characteristics that could differentiate between the two main DNA relatedness groups of F. meningosepticum were not discovered, wherefore a subdivision of the present species into two species cannot be recommended. Strains from the DNA relatedness groups comprising 19 of 20 CSF isolates were found to be able to grow at 40 degrees C and to produce a weak yellow pigment; in contrast, strains from the three other DNA relatedness groups were unable to grow at 40 degrees C and produced no pigment.
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PMID:Phenotypic characterization of Flavobacterium meningosepticum strains identified by DNA-DNA hybridization. 356 17

Nine strains of Campylobacter species other than Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli, and Campylobacter laridis were isolated from patients with acute diarrhea. All nine strains showed preferred growth at 37 degrees C under microaerophilic conditions. Conventional microbiological tests and DNA-DNA dot blotting were used to identify these strains. Three of the nine Campylobacter strains hydrolyzed hippurate, reduced nitrate, produced catalase, were resistant to cephalothin, and were shown to be highly related to C. jejuni type strains. Two strains had negative or weak catalase activity and were hippurate negative. Three other strains had characteristics similar to those of Campylobacter cinaedi. The ninth strain, isolated from a homosexual man with antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus (human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III), showed unique features different from those of all the known campylobacters used in this study. This strain grew well at 25 and 37 degrees C and was catalase and nitrate positive, hippurate negative, and resistant to cephalothin.
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PMID:Atypical campylobacters associated with gastroenteritis. 361 17

Thirty strains were isolated from pasteurized soil samples by enrichment culture in aerobiosis at 32 degrees C in a minimal medium containing one of the following compounds as sole source of carbon and energy: quinate, p-hydroxybenzoate, phthalate, isophthalate or trimellitate. These bacteria were rods (0.8 X 2-7 micron), motile by peritrichous flagella. Endospores were oval (1.4-1.8 X 2 micron) and distinctly swelled the sporangia. The Gram reaction was variable but the Gram type was positive. Colonies were smaller on peptone (0.4%) agar than on minimal salts-glucose (0.2%) agar. The following characters were always present: growth in the presence of lysozyme, cytochrome c oxidase, catalase, nitrate assimilation, urease, amylase and L-glutamate dehydrogenase. The cells contained glycogen. In anaerobiosis, glucose was not fermented and nitrate was not used as a respiratory acceptor of electrons. Of 215 substrates tested, 31 (including 9 aromatic compounds) were used as sole carbon and energy sources by all 30 strains, and 38 substrates (including 13 aromatic compounds) were used by only some of them; 146 substrates (including 49 aromatic compounds) were not used by any of the 30 strains. No amino acid could be used as sole carbon and energy source. Numerical analysis of the 30 strains showed an aggregate cluster made of 5 phena. The mean G + C content of the DNA was 55 +/- 0.6 mol %. The described bacteria are clearly different from the 2 known species of the second morphological group which cannot ferment carbohydrates: Bacillus brevis and B. azotoformans. Strain Q1 (ATCC 29948) is the holotype of Bacillus gordonae sp. nov.
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PMID:[Bacillus gordonae sp. nov., a new species belonging to the second morphological group, degrading various aromatic compounds]. 367 81

The deleterious effects of lead on the developing central nervous system were observed in chick embryos that were exposed to lead nitrate at 10 days of incubation. At 16 days, cervical, thoracic, and lumbar regions of the spinal cord were fixed in gluteraldehyde and processed for electron microscopy, either directly or following incubation in media containing 3,3-diaminobenzidine and hydrogen peroxide for the histochemical detection of catalase-reactive peroxisomes. The results indicate that peroxisomes are not destroyed as are other components of the neuropil after lead exposure. Catalase-reactive peroxisomes appear to increase in number in the spinal cords of lead-treated embryos suggesting that these organelles may play a part in the response of glial cells to metabolic alterations induced by lead. Further experimentation using the chick embryo as an animal model for studies of lead-induced neuropathy is encouraged.
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PMID:The effects of lead nitrate on the central nervous system of the chick embryo. II. Electron microscopy and histochemistry: peroxisomes. 367 33

Biochemical activities of 20 wild-type strains and of 2 laboratory strains of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis were evaluated. Biochemical activities evaluated were growth at 30 C, 37 C, and 42 C; production of urease, niacin, pyrazinamidase, arylsulfatase, and catalase; hydrolyzation of Tween 80; reduction of nitrate and tellurite; and growth in 5% NaCl. Antimicrobial susceptibility to thiophene-2-carboxylic acid hydrazide (10 micrograms/ml), neotetrazolium chloride (1:40,000), streptomycin (2 micrograms/ml), rifampin (0.25 micrograms/ml), and isoniazid (10 micrograms/ml) also was determined. Generally, M paratuberculosis was biochemically inactive, with only a few strains producing pyrazinamidase and maintaining catalase activity after heating. All strains grew optimally at 37 C, grew slightly at 30 C, and did not grow at 42 C. Wild-type strains did not grow in the presence of neotetrazolium chloride, streptomycin, and rifampin, and grew in the presence of thiophene-2-carboxylic acid hydrazide and isoniazid. Although biochemical evaluation can be used as an aid in the identification of M paratuberculosis, growth rate, and mycobactin dependency remain major criteria for positive identification.
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PMID:Biochemical characteristics of various strains of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis. 374 Jun 13

A chronic, four-month, toxicological experiment with albino rats was carried out with a view to study the effect of nitrates on organism. The animals, grouped into six groups, were daily intoxicated by probing with aqueous solution of sodium nitrate in concentrations of 30, 50, 100, 500 and 1000 mg/l. The toxicological studies established statistically significant changes in some integral, hematological, biochemical and pathologico-anatomical indices with the drinking of potable water with 500 and 1000 mg/l nitrates and in single cases - with 100 mg/l: body weight loss among the female animals; reduction of hemoglobin and erythrocytes; urea fluctuation (hypo- and hyperazotemia); increase of glutathione, of peroxidase activity and alkaline phosphatase; reduction of catalase activity; light parenchymal-dystrophic changes in liver and kidneys. No changes were established in methemoglobin. With a view to those results, the authors presume that no risk for organisms exists with the consumption of potable water, containing nitrates to 50 mg/l, a slight risk--up to 100 mg/l, enhanced risk--over 100 mg/l and high risk--with 500 and over 500 mg/l.
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PMID:[Effect of drinking water with a high nitrate content on the body in a toxicological experiment]. 382 36

The xanthine oxidase reaction causes a co-oxidation of NH3 to NO2-, which was inhibitable by superoxide dismutase, catalase, hydroxyl radical scavengers, or by the chelating agents, desferrioxamine or diethylene triaminepentaacetic acid. Hydroxylamine was oxidized to NO2- much more rapidly than was NH3, and in this case superoxide dismutase or the chelating agents inhibited but catalase or the HO. scavengers did not. Hydrazine was not detectably oxidized to NO2-, and NO2- was not oxidized to NO3-, by the xanthine oxidase reaction. These results are accommodated by a reaction scheme involving (a) the metal-catalyzed production of HO. from O2- + H2O2; (b) the oxidation of H3N to H2N. by OH.; (c) the coupling of H2N. with O2- to yield peroxylamine, which hydrolyzes to hydroxylamine plus H2O2; (d) the metal-catalyzed oxidation of HO-NH2 to (Formula: see text), which couples with O2- to yield (Formula: see text), which finally dehydrates to yield NO2-.
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PMID:The co-oxidation of ammonia to nitrite during the aerobic xanthine oxidase reaction. 383 96


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