Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:1.11.1.6 (catalase)
55,569 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Strongly catalase-positive Gram-negative anaerobic rods were isolated from approximately half of all intra-abdominal specimens received from patients with gangrenous and perforated appendicitis, and subsequently also from normal faecal specimens. The organism was originally detected on Bacteroides-bile-aesculin (BBE) agar, and grew slowly on non-selective anaerobic media containing blood. It was stimulated by bile and differed from other known genera by being urease- and catalase-positive, and by reducing nitrate. It did not reduce sulphate. Other anaerobic Gram-negative rods showed no homology by DNA dot-blot hybridization. The thermal melting profile of chromosomal DNA showed 39-40 mol% G + C. The whole-cell fatty acid methyl ester profile included cyclic and branched long-chain acids, and differed from those of all other anaerobes that have been tested. beta-Lactamase was not detected. The name Bilophila wadsworthia gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed for this organism.
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PMID:Bilophila wadsworthia, gen. nov. and sp. nov., a unique gram-negative anaerobic rod recovered from appendicitis specimens and human faeces. 263 63

Campylobacter upsaliensis is the name which has been proposed for a new group of thermophilic campylobacter strains which differ from C. jejuni and C. coli in having a negative or weak catalase reaction. Primary isolation of these strains from human feces has been achieved only by use of filtration techniques. We report here direct isolation of strains corresponding to C. upsaliensis from stools of six children. The strains were isolated on a newly described campylobacter-selective medium. The strains were oxidase positive, hippurate negative, nitrate positive, negative for H2S in triple sugar iron, and susceptible to cephalothin (30-micrograms disk) and nalidixic acid (30-micrograms disk), and they grew at 37 and 43 degrees C, but not at 25 degrees C. The selective medium used was a blood-free, charcoal-based medium consisting of Columbia agar base, activated charcoal, cefoperazone (32 micrograms/ml), vancomycin (20 micrograms/ml), and cycloheximide (100 micrograms/ml). The medium supported the growth of the weakly reacting or catalase-negative strains, with colony counts equivalent to those obtained on antibiotic-free horse blood agar. These strains could not be isolated directly from stool on Skirrow medium, and colony counts confirmed that this medium could not support a low inoculum of these organisms. The clinical significance of these strains is unknown. We conclude that C. upsaliensis can be isolated directly from stool by using a selective medium, without the need for filtration.
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PMID:Direct isolation of atypical thermophilic Campylobacter species from human feces on selective agar medium. 277 81

Aminotriazole-mediated inhibition of catalase has been used in previous studies as a measure of in vivo changes in the hydrogen peroxide generation. Using this method, we found a significantly higher inhibition of renal catalase activity at various time points (30, 60, and 90 min) in glycerol-treated rats (a well-established model for myoglobinuric acute renal failure) compared with rats treated with aminotriazole alone. The greater inhibition in the glycerol-treated group was not due to differences in aminotriazole levels. We confirmed that catalase inactivation by aminotriazole was due to formation of catalase-hydrogen peroxide intermediate (compound I) because catalase inactivation was prevented by ethanol, a competitive substrate for compound I. There were no significant differences in the aminotriazole-induced inhibition of renal cortical catalase activity in control and uranyl nitrate-treated rats, suggesting that there was no enhanced generation of hydrogen peroxide in this model of acute renal failure. Taken together, these data provide evidence for enhanced generation of hydrogen peroxide in glycerol-induced acute renal failure and suggest that the enhanced generation of hydrogen peroxide in the glycerol-induced acute renal failure is not a result of nonspecific response to tissue injury.
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PMID:Enhanced in vivo H2O2 generation by rat kidney in glycerol-induced renal failure. 278 23

Isolates (n = 94) of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis were obtained from sheep, goats, horses, and cattle from various parts of the world. The isolates were characterized biochemically and by restriction endonuclease analysis of DNA. We found near homogeneity in the ability of isolates to ferment carbohydrates and to produce urease. All isolates produced phospholipase D and catalase. The ability of isolates from horses to reduce nitrate, the inability of isolates from sheep and goats to do so, and the correlation of this characteristic with results of restriction endonuclease analyses confirmed the existence of 2 biovars of C pseudotuberculosis. We propose that these biovars be referred to as biovar equi for isolates that reduce nitrate and biovar ovis for isolates that fail to do so.
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PMID:Biochemical and genetic characterization of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis. 283 63

A total of 176 strains identified as Branhamella catarrhalis were isolated from various clinical specimens, mainly sputum (71), pharynx (49), eye (24), nose (11), ear (6) and tracheal aspirate (7). B. catarrhalis appeared as Gram-negative cocci in white colonies which were oxidase- and catalase-positive and which did not produce acidification of sugars. The 3 related species, Neisseria caviae, N. ovis and N. cuniculi were also white but the 'true asaccharolytic Neisseria' studied presented a yellow pigment. Only a few strains of B. catarrhalis were able to grow on selective medium. However, when Catlin's chemically defined medium was used, all strains of B. catarrhalis had a unique requirement for arginine. This characteristic differentiated B. catarrhalis from N. caviae and N. ovis (non-requiring), N. cuniculi (required cystine, proline and arginine) and N. canis and N. elongata (both non-requiring). All strains of B. catarrhalis reduced nitrate and nitrite, possessed deoxyribonuclease activity and hydrolysed tributyrin to butyric acid. B. catarrhalis liberated high concentrations of butyric acid, N. caviae, N. ovis and N. cuniculi moderate concentrations and other species of Neisseria minimal concentrations. All strains of B. catarrhalis were resistant to acetazolamide and the absence of gamma-glutamyl transferase activity differentiated B. catarrhalis from atypical meningococci which were always positive.
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PMID:Branhamella catarrhalis. New methods of bacterial diagnosis. 287 8

CDC group DF-2 is the vernacular name given to a slow-growing gram-negative bacterium that causes septicemia and meningitis in humans. Infections frequently (one-third of cases) occur following dog bites or close contact with dogs or occasionally with cats. Splenectomy and alcoholism appear to be strong predisposing factors for DF-2 infection. In addition to 150 DF-2 strains received for identification, we received 9 DF-2-like strains; 6 were isolated from wound or eye infections, 3 of which were associated with dog bites and 1 of which was associated with a cat scratch, and 3 were isolated from dog mouths. The major characteristics of DF-2 include production of acid but no gas from lactose and maltose and usually D-glucose; positive reactions for oxidase, catalase, arginine dihydrolase, gliding motility, and o-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside; growth enhanced by serum and by incubation in a candle jar atmosphere; and negative reactions for sucrose, raffinose, inulin, melibiose, nitrate reduction, indole, and growth on MacConkey agar. DF-2-like strains had the same characteristics, except that acid was formed from sucrose, raffinose, inulin, and melibiose. By the hydroxyapatite method, DNAs from 12 DF-2 strains were 88% related in 60 degrees C reactions and 84% related in 75 degrees C reactions. Related sequences contained 0.5 to 1.5% unpaired bases (divergence). Three DF-2-like strains were 73 to 80% related at 60 degrees C (with 2.0 to 2.5% divergence) and 68 to 75% related at 75 degrees C. The relatedness of DF-2 and DF-2-like strains was 19 to 31% at 60 degrees Celsius and 13 to 19% at 75 degrees Celsius. The relatedness of DF-2 and DF-2-like strains to Capnocytophaga species was 4 to 7%. The DNA relatedness date indicate that eh DF-2 and the DF-2-like strains are separate, previously undescribed species. Both groups are phenotypically and genetically distinct from Capnocytophaga species, although they do share several characteristics with Capnocytophaga species, including cellular morphology, gliding motility, cellular fatty acid composition, enhancement of growth in a candle jar atmosphere, and G+C content. The new species differ from Capnocytophaga species by their positive oxidase and catalase reactions. We chose to avoid creating a new genus and proposed the names Capnocytophaga canimorsus sp. nov. for group DF-2 and C. cynodegmi sp. nov. for the DF-2-like strains.
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PMID:Capnocytophaga canimorsus sp. nov. (formerly CDC group DF-2), a cause of septicemia following dog bite, and C. cynodegmi sp. nov., a cause of localized wound infection following dog bite. 291 17

Investigations of the etiology of diarrhea in patients in South Australia and the Northern Territory showed that Campylobacter spp. other than Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli were common in children. Campylobacters which were hippurate positive, nitrate negative, and susceptible to cephalothin and polymyxins were shown to be closely related to C. jejuni by DNA studies. Thermotolerant catalase-negative campylobacters were also isolated. These were H2S negative and biochemically resembled the catalase-negative or weak strains found in dogs in Sweden. DNA studies showed these campylobacters to be distinct from C. sputorum subsp. sputorum and to form a homogeneous group distinct from the enteropathogenic catalase-positive campylobacters. Preliminary studies suggest that these campylobacters are related to the Swedish catalase-negative or weak strains.
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PMID:DNA relatedness and biochemical features of Campylobacter spp. isolated in central and South Australia. 299 31

Twenty-seven strains comprising 23 clinical isolates of nitrate negative campylobacters (NNC) from Australia, South Africa, the United Kingdom and the Federal Republic of Germany, a representative of the CNW (catalase negative/weak) group and reference strains of three other Campylobacter species, were characterized by one-dimensional SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of cellular proteins. The protein patterns were highly reproducible, and were used as the basis for a numerical analysis which showed that the reference strain (NCTC 11951) of Campylobacter jejuni subspecies "doylei", and 20 NNC isolates formed a distinct group at the 74% similarity level. The protein patterns showed unexpectedly low similarity between subspecies "doylei" and the type strain of Campylobacter jejuni and revealed that some NNC strains were quite distinct from subspecies "doylei". Four electrophoretic (EP) types (I-IV) were identified from phenons formed at the 81% similarity level. Three of these (I, III, IV) corresponded to geographical location of strain isolation but the type II strains were from diverse locations. The correlation observed between EP-type, catalase production and sensitivity to 2, 3, 5, triphenyltetrazolium chloride indicated these latter two tests might be useful for biotyping within the subspecies.
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PMID:Electrophoretic protein typing of Campylobacter jejuni subspecies "doylei" (nitrate-negative campylobacter-like organisms) from human faeces and gastric mucosa. 305 35

A study of 216 noncapsular strains of Neisseria meningitidis isolated from patients and carriers received in the Meningococcus Reference Laboratory between 1978 and 1984 is reported. The characterization of the strains consisted of biochemical tests for the following characteristics used for the differentiation of Neisseria species: oxidase, catalase, and beta-galactosidase activities; sugar degradation; nitrate and nitrite reduction; DNase activity; polysaccharide production with 5% sucrose; aminopeptidase activity; and growth in Thayer-Martin and Catlin media. Of the strains studied, 50 showed characteristics of a new taxon recently described (Neisseria polysacchareae). Characteristics that differentiated these strains from meningococcal isolates were polysaccharide production with 5% sucrose, gamma-glutamylaminopeptidase activity, and a requirement for cysteine or cystine for growth in Catlin medium. All of the N. polysacchareae strains identified were isolated from the nasopharynx of healthy carriers.
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PMID:Characterization of Neisseria polysacchareae sp. nov. (Riou, 1983) in previously identified noncapsular strains of Neisseria meningitidis. 308 73

A total of 170 strains of Corynebacterium jeikeium and 23 strains of Corynebacterium group D2 were examined in three British laboratories using the API 20 Strep identification system and three supplementary tests (catalase production, urease production and nitrate reduction). The isolates were collected from clinical specimens in various laboratories over a three-year period. The two species produced consistent reactions in these tests after 24 h. Two tests were highly discriminatory, with positive reactions for ribose fermentation seen for Corynebacterium jeikeium while urease production was observed with Corynebacterium group D2. This method allows routine clinical laboratories to rapidly identify these emerging pathogens.
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PMID:Identification of Corynebacterium jeikeium and Corynebacterium CDC group D2 with the API 20 Strep system. 314 82


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