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Query: EC:1.11.1.6 (catalase)
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A new microaerophilic, spirally curved, rod-shaped bacterium was isolated from the gastric mucosa of a pigtailed macaque (Macaca nemestrina). The gram-negative cells of this bacterium are oxidase, catalase, and urease positive and strongly resemble Helicobacter pylori (Campylobacter pylori) cells. Like H. pylori, this organism does not metabolize glucose, does not reduce nitrate or produce indole, does not produce H2S from triple sugar iron agar, does not hydrolyze hippurate or esculin, and does not grow in the presence of 1% glycine, 1.5% salt, or 1% bile. Also like H. pylori, it is resistant to nalidixic acid and susceptible to cephalothin. However, unlike H. pylori, the colorless colonies are flat and have irregular edges. This organism has a unique cellular fatty acid composition, forming a new gas-liquid chromatography group, group K, and a distinctive DNA content (24 mol% guanine plus cytosine). It exhibits less than 10% DNA-DNA homology (as determined by the nylon filter blot method at 65 degrees C) with other members of the genus Helicobacter. Although the levels of DNA relatedness between previously described Helicobacter species and the new organism are low (less than 10%) and the difference in guanine-plus-cytosine content is large (24 versus 36 to 41 mol%), the genus Helicobacter is the only genus in which it is logical to include the organism at this time. We propose that our single strain represents a new species, Helicobacter nemestrinae, and we designate strain T81213-NTB (= ATCC 49396) as the type strain.
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PMID:Helicobacter nemestrinae sp. nov., a spiral bacterium found in the stomach of a pigtailed macaque (Macaca nemestrina) 174 3

Campylobacter species were isolated from 93 (15%) of 631 Thai children with diarrhea using the membrane filter technique on nonselective blood agar incubated at 37 degrees C. Campylobacter jejuni was isolated from 62 (10%), Campylobacter coli from 14 (2%), and atypical campylobacters from 17 (3%). The 17 atypical strains were first characterized biochemically and by dot blot DNA hybridization. Catalase-negative strains also were characterized by DNA hybridization and ribotype pattern. One strain was a catalase-negative "Campylobacter upsaliensis" and another was a nitrate-negative Campylobacter jejuni doylei. Fifteen isolates were aerotolerant strains most closely resembling Campylobacter cryaerophila or "C. upsaliensis" by dot hybridization. These aerotolerant strains, designated group 2 ("Campylobacter butzleri"), had ribotypes distinct from C. cryaerophila and have previously been shown to be related by DNA hybridization at the species level to the group 2 aerotolerant Campylobacter type strain (D2686). Group 2 aerotolerant Campylobacter were the atypical Campylobacter species most frequently isolated from Thai children with diarrhea.
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PMID:Isolation of group 2 aerotolerant Campylobacter species from Thai children with diarrhea. 201 54

From June 1984 until July 1988, CDC group HB-5 isolates were recovered from the exudates of genital ulcers in 25 of 675 (3.6%) patients (204 women, 471 men) in Kigali, Rwanda. Among a group of 145 men presenting with urethritis but without genital ulcers, a positive culture for HB-5 of a specimen from the coronal groove of the penis of only 1 man (0.7%) was found. During the same period, the organism was not obtained in cultures of vaginal specimens from 838 women without genital ulcer disease. The main biochemical characteristics of the isolated microorganisms included weak oxidase positivity, catalase negativity, indole positivity, reduction of nitrate to nitrite, acid production from D-glucose and fructose, and H2S production. A total of 75% of the organisms were susceptible to penicillin G. beta-Lactamase production was detected by the chromogenic cephalosporin test in a quarter of the strains. This study confirms that HB-5 can be found in the genital tract. HB-5 was associated with genital ulcer disease in Rwanda. However, its etiologic role in patients with this condition remains unclear.
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PMID:Characterization, in vitro susceptibility, and clinical significance of CDC group HB-5 from Rwanda. 212 81

When leprosy bacilli grown in nude mouse foot pad were used for culture experiments, cultivable acid-fast bacillus was sometimes isolated as a contaminant. Whenever bacilli were inoculated to nude mice, the same leprosy bacilli were killed by autoclaving and were inoculated in to foot pads of 5 nude mice for examination of this cause of the contamination. Acid-fast bacillus was cultivated on 3% Ogawa egg medium at 33 degrees C from homogenates of foot pads of nude mice infected with M. leprae after one year and a while of infection. Foot pad of nude mouse injected with leprosy bacilli was cut off, ground in mortar and passed through sterile absorbent cotton and the filtrate was centrifuged at 10,000 rpm for 30 minutes. The sediment was inoculated on 3% Ogawa egg medium after treating with a small amount of sterile 1 N sodium hydroxide. Acid-fast bacilli were isolated from 3 out of 41 mice inoculoted with heat killed bacilli. The isolated acid-fast bacillus did not be observed in the same experimental group inocudated with live bacilli, positive cases were scattered in another groups. Four out of 16 tubes were positive for acid-fast bacilli in mice infected with Kurume-naha and 5 out of 7 tubes in the Amami-KM infected mouse group. The two negative tubes were discarded due to contamination. Kurume-Oki strain which has yellow colonial morphology was isolated from one out of 6 culture tubes. Strains Kurume-naha and Amami-KM have the same characteristics as follows: slow grower with pale yellow smooth colonial morphology, strongly positive for niacin production and ureas; positive for nicotinamidase, pyradinamidase and 68 degrees C catalase; no growth at 45 degrees C, negative for nitrate reduction, hydrolysis of Tween 80, diamine oxidase, heat stable acid-phosphatase and arylsulphatase; resistant to streptomycin, isoniazid, rifampicin and B 663. Two isolates were identified as Mycobacterium simiae from these characteristics. Characteristics of a Kurume-Oki isolate was as follows: slow grower with yellow smooth colonial morphology, positive for urease, 68 degrees C catalase, hydrolysis of Tween 80 and arylsulfatase; no growth at 45 degrees C, negative for niacin production, nicotinamidase, pyradinamidase, nitrate reduction, daimine oxidase and heat stable acid-phosphatase; resistant to streptomycin, isoniazid, rifampicin and B. 663. This bacillus was identified as Mycobacterium gordonae from these characteristics.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Acid-fast bacilli isolated from foot pads of nude mice infected with leprosy bacilli]. 213 33

Haemophilus ducreyi has traditionally been difficult to identify. We have utilized simple test methods to identify 19 fresh isolates obtained during a recent outbreak of chancroid in Houston and six strains of H. ducreyi from other outbreaks. Tests were performed from growth on chocolate agar after 48 h of incubation at 35 degrees C with increased humidity and CO2. All isolates exhibited typical colonial morphology and Gram stain. Isolates were catalase negative and oxidase and nitrate positive (in enriched broth). The RapID NH system failed to identify these strains because of negative reactions with alkaline phosphatase and nitrate reductase. However, by using the RapID-ANA system, all strains were positive for alkaline phosphatase and arginine, glycine, and serine aminopeptidases. Their biochemical profiles were distinct from those obtained with 66 strains representing 13 species similar to H. ducreyi. We also investigated the use of sodium polyanetholesulfonate (SPS) disk susceptibility to identify and differentiate H. ducreyi from other species. All H. ducreyi isolates were susceptible, as evidenced by the presence of a zone of inhibition with an average size of 15 mm around the SPS disk. With the exceptions of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Gardnerella vaginalis, and Capnocytophaga spp., no other strain showed any evidence of inhibition. The latter three organisms can be easily differentiated from H. ducreyi by various features including reactions in the RapID-ANA. We conclude that, by considering simple growth and biochemical characteristics, SPS susceptibilities, and reactions in RapID-ANA, it is possible for more clinical laboratories to definitively identify this organism.
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PMID:Use of the RapID-ANA system and sodium polyanetholesulfonate disk susceptibility testing in identifying Haemophilus ducreyi. 215 97

Addition of oxygen to whole cells of Escherichia coli suspended in the presence of the chemiluminescent probe bis-N-methylacridinium nitrate (lucigenin) resulted in a light emission increase of 200% of control. Addition of air to cells showed a chemiluminescent response far less than the response to oxygen. The redox cycling agents paraquat and menadione, which are known to increase intracellular production of O2- and H2O2, were also found to cause a measurable increase in lucigenin chemiluminescence in E. coli cells when added at concentrations of 1 and 0.1 mM, respectively. The oxygen-induced chemiluminescent response was not suppressed by extracellularly added superoxide dismutase or catalase. Further, the lucigenin-dependent chemiluminescent response of aerobically grown E. coli to oxygen was significantly greater than that of cells grown anaerobically. Heat-killed cells showed no increase in chemiluminescence on the addition of either oxygen, paraquat, or menadione. These results show that lucigenin may be used as a chemiluminescent probe to demonstrate continuous intracellular production of reactive oxygen metabolites in E. coli.
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PMID:Lucigenin chemiluminescence as a probe for measuring reactive oxygen species production in Escherichia coli. 219 99

One hundred and nineteen isolates of Pseudomonas cepacia, 98 of which were from cystic fibrosis (CF) patients and 21 from environmental and other human sources, were examined for biochemical and exo-enzymatic properties that may contribute to the pathogenicity of this bacterium. The following characteristics were demonstrated significantly more frequently in isolates from CF patients than in control isolates: production of catalase, ornithine decarboxylase, valine aminopeptidase, C14 lipase, alginase and trypsin; reduction of nitrate to nitrite; hydrolysis of urea and xanthine; complete haemolysis on bovine red blood cells; cold-sensitive haemolysis on human red blood cells; greening of horse and rabbit red blood cells. The role of these factors in the pulmonary disease associated with cystic fibrosis is not clear. However, several factors which have been reported previously as being associated with pathogenic processes with other bacteria have now been described in P. cepacia. Additional factors not previously reported as "pathogenicity factors" are also described.
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PMID:Pathogenic factors of Pseudomonas cepacia isolates from patients with cystic fibrosis. 223 77

The cellular, cultural, and biochemical characteristics of eight isolates of a large gram-positive bacillus that are commonly observed as apparently normal flora in the proventriculus of budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus) were determined. The bacterium was highly pleomorphic and changed markedly in both diameter and length when subcultured on agar media. The bacterium was facultative anaerobic and capnophilic, hemolytic on blood agar, and formed flat colonies with irregular edges after incubation for several days. All isolates grew on sodium azide agar but did not grow on MacConkey agar. The isolates were catalase-negative and oxidase-negative and did not reduce nitrate. All isolates failed to utilize arginine, lysine, ornithine or tryptophane but produced acid from glucose, galactose, levulose, maltose, melibiose, starch, and sucrose. All isolates produced acetoin from glucose and hydrolyzed esculin. The eight isolates could not be identified to either genus or species level based on the descriptions of currently classified organisms in the division Firmicutes as described in Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology.
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PMID:Characterization of a gram-positive bacterium from the proventriculus of budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus). 224 8

CDC group M-6 is the vernacular name given to a gram-negative, oxidase-positive, aerobic, nonmotile, rod-shaped bacterium. This organism is biochemically similar to Kingella denitrificans and displays a cellular fatty acid profile consistent with CDC groups M-5 and EF-4 and with Neisseria elongata. Of the 95 M-6 strains referred to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) for identification, 32 (64%) of the first 50 were from the throat or sputum and only 3 (6%) were from blood; only 5 (11%) of the next 45 isolates were from the upper respiratory tract and 23 (51%) were from blood, with many of these (15 or 65%) being associated with endocarditis. The major characteristics of CDC group M-6 include reduction of nitrate and nitrite with no gas formation; positive reaction for oxidase; negative reactions for catalase, urease, indole, and motility; and no acid production from carbohydrates. Guanine-plus-cytosine content determined spectrophotometrically by thermal denaturation was 55 to 58 mol % for six M-6 strains tested: 56 mol % for the N. elongata subsp. elongata type strain and for the N. elongata subsp. glycolytica type strain. By the hydroxyapatite method, DNAs from 24 M-6 strains showed an average of 78% relatedness to M-6 reference strain B1019 in reactions at 60 degrees C and 73% relatedness in reactions at 75 degrees C. M-6 strain B1019 was 79% related to the N. elongata type strain at 60 degrees C and 71% related at 75 degrees C; it was 75% related to the type strain N. elongata subsp. glycolytica at 60 degrees C and was 66% related at 75 degrees C. DNAs from CDC group EF-4, K. denitrificans, and CDC group M-5 were all less than 14% related to CDC group M-6 at 75 degrees C. The DNA relatedness data showed conclusively that all the M-6 strains belong in the species N. elongata. M-6 is different from N. elongata subsp. elongata in that M-6 reduces nitrate and sometimes weakly acidifies D-glucose, and it is different from N. elongata subsp. glycolytica in that it reduces nitrate and is negative for glucose and catalase. Because of the apparent clinical significance of M-6 compared with the clinical significance of N. elongata subsp. elongata and N. elongata subsp. glycolytica and the ease in distinguishing it biochemically, we propose M-6 as a third subspecies of N.elongata, N. elongata subsp. nitroreducens subsp. nov.
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PMID:Neisseria elongata subsp. nitroreducens subsp. nov., formerly CDC group M-6, a gram-negative bacterium associated with endocarditis. 227 87

Cellular, colonial, cultural, and biochemical characteristics of 25 field strains of gram-negative pleomorphic bacilli from rams with epididymitis were compared with Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) strain 29522 and Actinobacillus seminis ATCC strain 15768. Three field strains were identified as A. actinomycetemcomitans, 15 as A. seminis, and 2 as Haemophilus agni; however, 5 strains (3 in group A and 2 in group B) were not identified as species in the genera Actinobacillus, Haemophilus, or Pasteurella based on the taxonomic criteria in Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. The 5 Actinobacillus-like organisms in groups A and B were predominantly gram-negative coccobacilli and exhibited less pleomorphism than the 2 Actinobacillus species. The colonial morphologies of groups A and B were similar to the 2 Actinobacillus species but were smaller in diameter and had a pale yellow color. Groups A and B, like the actinobacilli, were facultative anaerobic and capnophilic, did not grow on MacConkey agar, and were catalase-positive and oxidase-positive. Group A reduced nitrate but group B did not. The A. seminis strains utilized ornithine, and group A utilized arginine; but group B did not utilize either ornithine or arginine. All strains failed to utilize lysine or tryptophane. All strains produced acid but no gas from glucose, and the utilization of other carbohydrates varied markedly both between and within the 5 groups of bacteria.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Cultural and biochemical characterization of Actinobacillus and Actinobacillus-like species from ram lambs with epididymitis. 248 12


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