Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:1.11.1.6 (catalase)
 55,569 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Two catalase-negative strains of Lactobacillus plantarum and a strain producing the atypical, nonheme catalase were studied to determine if the ability to produce the atypical catalase conferred any growth advantage upon the producing strain. Both catalase-negative strains grew more rapidly than the catalase-positive strain under aerobic or anaerobic conditions in a glucose-containing, complex medium. Upon exhaustion of glucose from the medium, all three strains continued growth under aerobic but not under anaerobic conditions. The continued aerobic growth was accompanied by production of acetic acid in addition to the lactic acid produced during growth on glucose. Oxygen was taken up by exponential phase-cell suspensions grown on glucose when glucose or glycerol were used as substrates. Cells harvested from glucose-exhausted medium oxidized glucose, glycerol, and pyruvate. Oxygen utilization by a catalase-negative strain increased as did the specific activity of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide peroxidase during late growth in the glucose-exhausted medium. The catalase-positive strain and the catalase-negative strain tested both possessed low but readily detectable levels of superoxide dismutase throughout growth. The growth responses are discussed in terms of the presence of enzymes which would allow the cells to remove potentially damaging reduction products of O2.
 ...
PMID:Oxygen metabolism of catalase-negative and catalase-positive strains of Lactobacillus plantarum. 114 Nov 95

Glutathione (gamma-glutamylcysteinylglycine) is one of the major antioxidants in the body. The present study investigated the changes of glutathione status, oxidative injury, and antioxidant enzyme systems after an exhaustive bout of treadmill running and/or hydroperoxide injection in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Concentrations of total and reduced glutathione in deep vastus lateralis muscle were significantly increased (P less than 0.01) after exhaustive exercise with either hydroperoxide (t-butyl hydroperoxide) or saline injection, whereas hydroperoxide alone had no significant effect. Exhaustive exercise increased muscle glutathione disulfide content by 75 and 60% (P less than 0.05), respectively, in hydroperoxide and saline groups. Concentrations of glutathione-related amino acids glutamate, cysteine, and aspartate were significantly increased in the same muscle after exhaustion. Hepatic glutathione status was not affected by either hydroperoxide injection or exercise. Glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase activities were significantly elevated after exhaustive exercise with or without hydroperoxide injection in muscle but not in liver. Hydroperoxide and exhaustive exercise enhanced lipid peroxidation in muscle and liver, respectively. It is concluded that exhaustive exercise can impose a severe oxidative stress on skeletal muscle and that glutathione systems as well as antioxidant enzymes are important in coping with free radical-mediated muscle injury.
 ...
PMID:Responses of glutathione system and antioxidant enzymes to exhaustive exercise and hydroperoxide. 155 31

For a study of the interactions of strenuous physical exercise (daily swimming to exhaustion) and a viral as compared with a bacterial infection with regard to the clinical course and the biochemical response of the myocardium, influenza and tularemia of similar lethality were used in mice. In both infections, expected infection-induced catabolic alterations in the ventricular myocardium were evident 2 days before median lethality was achieved, with a more pronounced wasting in influenza than in tularemia. Exercise before inoculation (preconditioning) was beneficial in that the catabolic effects of both infections were limited and lethality in influenza was reduced. Thus, the myocardial protein-degrading effect of influenza did not occur with preconditioning, and oxidative tissue enzyme activities decreased less. In tularemia, cytochrome c oxidase activity was fully preserved with preconditioning, and activation of catalase was less pronounced. Exercise during ongoing infection counteracted the infection-induced decrease in the activities of glycolytic and oxidative enzymes in tularemia, but lethality and bacterial counts in the spleen were uninfluenced. Conversely, exhaustive exercise in influenza increased lethality and had no significant effect on cardiac enzymes. These exercise models caused no major alterations in activation of lysosomal enzymes (beta-glucuronidase and cathepsin D).
 ...
PMID:Modifying effects of exercise on clinical course and biochemical response of the myocardium in influenza and tularemia in mice. 674 2

A strain of Beggiatoa cf. leptomitiformis (OH-75-B, clone 2a) was isolated which is unique among reported strains in its ability to deposit internal sulfur granules from thiosulfate. It also deposited these characteristic granules (as all BEggiatoa species do) from sulfide. In cultures where growth was limited by exhaustion of organic substrates, these granules generally comprised about 20% of the total cell weight. With medium containing acetate and thiosulfate, no measurable utilization of thiosulfate or deposition of elemental sulfur (S0) took place until after the exponential growth phase. Neither sulfide nor thiosulfate added an increment to heterotrophic growth yield except for the weight of the deposited S0. The deposition of S0 from thiosulfate was probably a disproportionation in which S0 and sulfate were produced in a 1:1 ratio. Some of the S0 was further oxidized to sulfate. No autotrophic or mixotrophic growth was demonstrated for this strain. When inoculated in small, well-dispersed quantities into yeast extract medium, this strain grew only after long lags. Addition of the enzyme catalase eliminated initial lags and increased growth rates slightly. In contrast, catalase had no influence on growth rate when added to mineral medium containing acetate. In yeast extract medium, the inhibition of growth rate was presumably because of peroxides. Addition of thiosulfate was almost as effective as catalase in eliminating this inhibition. The S0 granules which, in this case, were deposited during the exponential growth phase, appeared to be partly responsible for this relief. This strain of Beggiatoa sp. remained active for at least 5 days under strictly anaerobic conditions, and under those conditions, it increased its dry weight by about 2.5-fold. Anaerobic "growth" and maintenance required the presence of an energy source, such as acetate. When cells containing much internal S0 were transferred to an organic anaerobic medium, a substantial portion of the internal S0 was eventually converted to sulfide.
 ...
PMID:Use of reduced sulfur compounds by Beggiatoa sp. 724 91

Oxygen release accompanying oxidation of vanadyl by diperoxovanadate was suppressed on addition of NADH. The added NADH was rapidly oxidized, oxygen in the medium was consumed, and the reaction terminated on exhaustion of either NADH or vanadyl. The consumption of oxygen and disappearance of NADH needed small concentrations of diperoxovanadate to initiate and increased with increase in the concentration of vanadyl and NADH or decrease of pH. The products of the reaction were found to be NAD+ from NADH and vanadate oligomers from vanadyl and oxygen. The reaction was insensitive to catalase and was not dependent on H2O2. The reaction was inhibited by superoxide dismutase, cytochrome c, EDTA, Mn2+, histidine, and DMPO, but not by hydroxyl radical scavengers such as ethanol and benzoate. The ESR spectrum of the reaction mixture showed the presence of the 1:2:2:1 quartet signal typical of a DMPO-OH adduct, but this was not modified by ethanol. This oxygen radical species, possibly of .OV type derived from diperoxovanadate, is proposed to have a role in the reactions of oxygen release and NADH oxidation.
 ...
PMID:Requirement of a diperoxovanadate-derived intermediate for the interdependent oxidation of vanadyl and NADH. 784 Jun 32

Addition of NADH decreased the oxygen release that accompanied oxidation of vanadyl by H2O2. The added NADH was oxidized rapidly and oxygen was consumed with a stoichiometry of 1:1 for NADH/O2. Small concentrations of H2O2 were sufficient to trigger this oxygen-consuming NADH oxidation which terminated on exhaustion of either NADH or vanadyl. The oxidation of NADH increased proportionately with concentration of NADH and vanadyl. The oxidation products of vanadyl were found to be a mixture of vanadate oligomers and peroxovanadates. The reaction was sensitive to catalase, SOD, histidine and EDTA. Using ESR spectroscopy with DMPO as the spin trap, an adduct corresponding to DMPO-OH was detected in these phosphate-buffered reaction mixtures. Participation of hydroxyl radicals in NADH oxidation, however, seems doubtful because even high concentrations of ethanol, methanol, mannitol, formate and benzoate, known to scavenge these radicals, did not block the reaction. The results indicate that peroxovanadate intermediates formed during vanadyl oxidation by H2O2 play a key role in the oxidation of NADH.
 ...
PMID:NADH oxidation is stimulated by an intermediate formed during vanadyl-H2O2 interaction. 794 44

We studied the effect of fasting and swimming stress on a number of non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidant factors in various mouse tissues in order to see if their action was synergic. We examined levels of reduced (GSH), oxidized (GSSG) and total glutathione, total SH groups (TSH), sum of GSH and protein sulphydryl groups of cytosolic fractions, and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase in adductor muscle, heart and liver. We also studied blood levels of GSH and glutathione bound to protein by mixed disulphides (GSSP). The case series consisted of four groups of animals (n = 10 for each group), namely no swimming and no fast, no swimming and fast, swimming and no fast, and swimming and fast. Fasting (18 h) resulted in a significant GSH depletion in all of the organs studied (-39% in the liver, -30% in the adductor muscle, -21% in the heart); GSSG increased significantly in the heart (+19%). Swimming to exhaustion, which lasted 3.95 (0.18) min [mean (SD), n = 10] with no significant difference between fast and no fast, resulted in a significant GSH depletion, to a percentage lower than that observed after fasting, in the adductor muscle and heart (-12% and -11%, respectively). In the blood of swimming mice, significant increases in GSH (+10%) and GSSG (+21%) levels were observed, whereas GSSP decreased (-15%). Enzyme activities after swimming were modified in only a few cases, and in a complex way. The findings of GSH depletion and a decrease in SOD activity in the adductor muscle seems to confirm the sensitivity of this organ to an overproduction of reactive oxygen species. At the same time, the GSSP decrease observed in blood was a new and unexpected finding, one that indicates a very prompt adaptation of red cells to increased oxidant states.
 ...
PMID:Antioxidant status in various tissues of the mouse after fasting and swimming stress. 934 43

An experiment was made on 100 noninbred albino rats, of which 80 rats were intraperitoneally inoculated by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MT) in a dose of 7.5 mg. Examinations were conducted 1 day, 1, 2, and 8 weeks after inoculation. Alveolar macrophages, nonfractionated cellular sediment of bronchoalveolar lavage, and leukocytes were the object of the studies. Spontaneous and BCG-stimulated HCT test, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase, the content of malonic dialdehyde (MDA), and platelet activation factor (PAF) were determined in all cell populations. The course of the process was histologically controlled. Following a fortnight, specific foci developed in the organs, they began spontaneously resolving 6 weeks later. In all types of cells, an infectious process resulted in an increase in the rate of oxidative metabolism, which did not lead to their functional exhaustion. In early infection, the activity of SOD dropped, the level of MDA and the activity of catalase increased. During involution of specific changes, their normalization of MDA and catalase variables corresponded to the high values of SPD in the cells. The level of PAF moderately elevated during the formation of specific changes in the organs and fell below the control values in the involutional phase of the process.
 ...
PMID:[Oxidative metabolic changes, antioxidantion, and platelet activation rat phagocytes during development of experimental specific tuberculous changes]. 986 2

Reactive oxygen species may contribute to apoptosis in lymphoid tissues observed after exercise. Thymic and splenic tissues excised from control mice (C) or mice immediately after (t0) or 24 h after (t24) a run to exhaustion (RTE) were assayed for biochemical indexes of oxidative stress [thymic and splenic membrane lipid peroxides, superoxide dismutase, catalase, plasma uric acid (UA), and ascorbic acid (AA)]. There were significant increases in membrane lipid peroxides in thymus (P < 0.001) and spleen (P < 0.001) in acutely exercised mice relative to controls (thymus: C = 2.74 +/- 0.80 microM; t0 = 7.45 +/- 0.48 microM; t24 = 9.44 +/-1.41 microM; spleen: C = 0.48 +/- 0.22 microM; t0 = 1.78 +/- 0.28 microM; t24 = 2. 81 +/- 0.34 microM). The thymic and splenic tissue antioxidant enzymes concentrations of superoxide dismutase and catalase were significantly lower in samples collected at t0 relative to C and t24 mice (P < 0.001). Plasma UA and AA levels were used to assess the impact of the RTE on the peripheral antioxidant pool. There was no significant change in UA levels and a significant reduction in plasma AA concentrations (P < 0.001); the reduction in plasma AA occurred at t24 (6.53 +/- 1.64 microM) relative to t0 (13.11 +/- 0. 71 microM) and C (13.26 +/- 1.2 microM). These results suggest that oxidative damage occurs in lymphoid tissues after RTE exercise and that such damage may contribute to lymphocyte damage observed after acute exercise.
 ...
PMID:Intrathymic and intrasplenic oxidative stress mediates thymocyte and splenocyte damage in acutely exercised mice. 1036 44

The chronic combined inhalational effect of lead, radon, nitric oxides (NO, NO2) and amorphous hydrophobic silicon dioxide on the activity of enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-s-transferase, g-glutamyl transpeptidase, peroxidases and also on the protein reducing glutathione concentration of the mongrel male-rat was investigated. It has been shown that organism antioxidant system displaces activity toward of the most widespread xenobiotics, expressing the rising of itself activity during whole experience. The dynamic of changes of the antioxidant system activity also was analyzed. Moreover, at the first step of our experience there was the sharp activity rise as a result of action of the mechanisms of adaptation and compensation. At the following intermediate step we were observing exhaustion of the antioxidant system and including of additional powers at the last step.
 ...
PMID:[Combined action of xenobiotics on the status of the antioxidant system of the body]. 1045 2


1 2 3 4 5 6 Next >>