Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:1.11.1.6 (catalase)
55,569 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Testicular torsion is a serious problem in male children and, if not treated at the right time, can lead to subfertility and infertility. The main reason for testicular damage is ischemia-reperfusion injury. A number of chemical substances have been used to protect testes against ischemia-reperfusion injury in experimental animals. The possible protective effect of N-acetylcysteine on testicular tissue after testicular detorsion was examined in the current study. Twenty-four rats were divided into four groups: sham operation, torsion, detorsion, and NAC + detorsion groups (n = 6 for each group). Excluding sham operation group, the rats were subjected to unilateral torsion (720-degree rotation in clockwise direction). After torsion (5 h) and detorsion (2 h), unilateral orchidectomy was performed. Malondialdehyde levels and superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase activities were determined in testicular tissue. Administration of N-acetylcysteine caused a decrease in malondialdehyde levels and an increase in glutathione peroxidase levels compared to detorsion group. The results suggest that N-acetylcysteine may be a potential protective agent for preventing the negative biochemical changes related to oxidative stress in testicular injury caused by testis torsion.
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PMID:The effects of N-acetylcysteine on antioxidant enzyme activities in experimental testicular torsion. 1641 70

Genetic analysis of a family with 46,XY "female" associated with infertility was performed using the conventional G-banding and gene mutation screening. The karyotypes of the two female patients were 46,XY and those of their parents were normal. The mutation screenings in sex-determining region Y (SRY) gene and androgen receptor (AR) gene were carried out. No mutation has been found in the whole coding sequence of SRY gene. The mutation of codon 840 CGT (arginine) to CAT (histidine) of AR gene led to the infertility in the patients. The patients showed androgen insensitivity. The clinical phenotype of theirs presented more deleteriously than and different from the one reported before, though they had the same mutation of codon 840 CGT (arginine) to CAT (histidine) of AR gene, which was very different from the mutation of 840 CGT (arginine) to TGT (cysteine) at the same codon.
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PMID:Genetic analysis of a family with 46,XY "female" associated with infertility. 1645 May 83

Microbial infections, localized as well as systemic, are known to cause transitive or permanent male infertility. However, the mechanisms of infection-induced infertility are largely unknown. Earlier reports showed that steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis are affected during bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute inflammation. The present study used an LPS rat model to investigate the role of oxidative stress in spermatogenesis. Intraperitoneal administration of bacterial LPS (5mg/kg body weight) to adult male albino rats elevated testicular malondialdehyde (MDA) and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE), and decreased the activities of testicular antioxidant enzymes such as catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase. The GSH/GSSG ratio also decreased significantly. Time series analysis revealed transitory oxidative stress and expression of inflammatory mediators such as interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) from 3h to 12h after LPS. Testicular expression of steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) protein decreased to 24h, in correlation with damage to spermatogenesis. These data are consistent with oxidative stress as a major causal factor in altered steroidogenesis, spermatogenesis, and perhaps male infertility during endotoxin-induced acute inflammation.
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PMID:Bacterial lipopolysaccharide-induced oxidative stress in the impairment of steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis in rats. 1664 80

Successful spermatogenesis is dependent on the proper attachment of developing germ cells to Sertoli cells. Manipulation of these interactions by drugs like Adjudin can hamper the development of germ cells and lead to conditions of temporary infertility. Although studies have shown the contraceptive potential of Adjudin, much is not known about its action in the testis. In this study, we sought to investigate the effect of Adjudin on the oxidative status of mammalian testis. Adult male rats were administered with a single dose of Adjudin (50 mg/kg body weight) by oral gavage and were killed at 1, 2, 4, 7, 15, or 30 days of treatment. Adjudin caused a significant increase in the production of hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxidation from 4 to 7 days after treatment. There was a significant decrease in the activities of anti-oxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase from 4 to 7 days after treatment with Adjudin. However, the state of oxidative stress was less pronounced from 15 to 30 days after Adjudin treatment. The level of androgen binding protein (ABP) remained unchanged following Adjudin treatment. These results show that there is an induction of oxidative stress accompanying adherens junction restructuring which suggests a role for reactive oxygen species in the regulation of these testicular junctions. However, transient elevation in reactive oxygen species levels did not affect androgen transport.
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PMID:Adjudin-mediated germ cell depletion alters the anti-oxidant status of adult rat testis. 1844 95

The present investigation was undertaken to assess the role of Mucuna pruriens in infertile men who were under psychological stress. Study included 60 subjects who were undergoing infertility screening and were found to be suffering from psychological stress, assessed on the basis of a questionnaire and elevated serum cortisol levels. Age-matched 60 healthy men having normal semen parameters and who had previously initiated at least one pregnancy were included as controls. Infertile subjects were administered with M. pruriens seed powder (5 g day(-1)) orally. For carrying out morphological and biochemical analysis, semen samples were collected twice, first before starting treatment and second after 3 months of treatment. The results demonstrated decreased sperm count and motility in subjects who were under psychological stress. Moreover, serum cortisol and seminal plasma lipid peroxide levels were also found elevated along with decreased seminal plasma glutathione (GSH) and ascorbic acid contents and reduced superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activity. Treatment with M. pruriens significantly ameliorated psychological stress and seminal plasma lipid peroxide levels along with improved sperm count and motility. Treatment also restored the levels of SOD, catalase, GSH and ascorbic acid in seminal plasma of infertile men. On the basis of results of the present study, it may be concluded that M. pruriens not only reactivates the anti-oxidant defense system of infertile men but it also helps in the management of stress and improves semen quality.
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PMID:Mucuna pruriens Reduces Stress and Improves the Quality of Semen in Infertile Men. 1895 92

The mechanism of action of sulfasalazine (SASP) in male infertility is not well elucidated. For it, an oxidative stress-like mechanism inductor of infertility was hypothesized. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (20/group) were orally administered 0, 300, and 600mg SASP/kg body weight for 14 days. One-half of animals in each group remained an additional period of 14 days without treatment. SASP induced a significant decrease of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione reductase (GR) at the highest dose in both testis and epididymis. GR remained altered in these tissues within the recovery period. However, an increase in SOD was noted in epididymis. An increase in thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) was noted in all SASP-treated groups. In epididymis, catalase (CAT) significantly increased at 600mg/(kgday). These results suggest that SASP induces oxidative stress, which in turn might act as a possible mechanism of male-induced infertility.
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PMID:Sulfasalazine induced oxidative stress: a possible mechanism of male infertility. 1902 62

The aim of this study was to assess seminal reactive oxygen species (ROS)-antioxidants relationship in fertile and infertile men with and without varicocele. One hundred and seventy six males were studied; fertile healthy volunteers (n = 45), fertile men with varicocele (n = 45), infertile oligoasthenozoospermia (OA, n = 44) without varicocele and infertile OA with varicocele (n = 42). In their seminal plasma, two ROS parameters (malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide) and five antioxidants (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, vitaminE, vitaminC) were estimated. Compared with fertile healthy men, in all other studied groups, estimated seminal ROS were significantly higher and estimated antioxidants were significantly lower. Infertile men with varicocele showed the same relationship as infertile men without varicocele. Sperm concentration, total sperm motility as well as sperm normal forms were negatively correlated with seminal malondialdehyde and were positively correlated with vitaminC. It is concluded that varicocele has an oxidative stress (OS) in fertile normozoospermic bearing conditions. This may allow understanding that, within men with varicocele, there is a threshold value of OS over which male fertility may be impaired.
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PMID:Seminal reactive oxygen species-antioxidant relationship in fertile males with and without varicocele. 1926 Aug 50

Accurate transmission of information coded in the sperm genome is vital to the pre- and post-natal development of the offspring. Recent advances in reproductive biology have proposed evaluation of sperm DNA integrity as an important assessment tool to infer the presence of DNA strand breaks, numerical abnormalities in sperm chromosome complement, and alterations in the epigenetic regulation of the paternal genome. Oxidative stress (OS), characterized by increased free radicals, may lead to the production of apurine sites, apyrimidine sites, oxidation of nucleotides of sperm genome. This study was performed to assess the impact of OS on DNA integrity in sperms. 52 infertile men [oligozoospermic-13, asthenozoospermic-15, teratozoospermic-19, oligoasthenoteratozoospermic-5] and 20 fertile controls were investigated for products of lipidperoxides as malondialdehyde; antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione in seminal plasma by biochemical methods. DNA integrity of the sperms was analyzed by visual scoring method in which the comets were graded into 4 categories (A-D) on the basis of their tail length indicative of increasing levels of DNA damage. Significant increase in DNA damage (higher number of sperms in group D) in cases (oligozoospermic (O)-20%, asthenozoospermic (A)-24%, teratozoospermic (T)-28%, OAT-43%) as compared to controls (8%) was found. Increased malondialdehyde levels, abnormal sperm morphology and higher DNA damage were observed in the cases. The antioxidants superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione had a positive association with sperm count and motility while a negative association with the percentage of dead sperms and abnormal morphology was observed. This study highlights the influence of low antioxidants on sperm genome integrity and indicates sperm DNA integrity as a better and more reliable prognostic tool for infertility evaluation than simple quantitative and morphologic evaluation of spermatozoa.
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PMID:DNA integrity and semen quality in men with low seminal antioxidant levels. 1942 8

Testicular torsion is a common syndrome that could lead to infertility. We investigated the therapeutic effects of lycopene, an antioxidant caretenoid, on testicular ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury that resembles testicular torsion. Male Wistar albino rats were divided into three groups: sham (n = 6), IR (n = 18), and ischemia/reperfusion with lycopene (IRL, n = 18). Left testicular artery and vein was occluded for 1 h, followed by reperfusion of 3 h, 24 h or 30 days in IR and IRL animals. Either corn oil (vehicle) or lycopene (4 mg/kg) was administrated once daily by gavage to IR or IRL animals, respectively, 5 min after ischemia. Sham-operated animals were treated with vehicle by gavage 5 min after the operation. IR decreased sperm motility and concentration in both ipsilateral and contralateral testes and increased abnormal sperm rate in ipsilateral testis after 30 days of reperfusion. Treatment with lycopene increased the motility in bilateral testes and decreased the rate of abnormal sperm in ipsilateral testis to the sham level, but did not increase sperm concentration in bilateral testes. IR increased the activities of catalase and glutathione peroxidase and the level of reduced glutathione by 24 h of reperfusion, but malondialdehyde remained unchanged. Lycopene treatment restored the enzyme activities but not the reduced glutathione level. Lycopene treatment also ameliorated the IR-induced tissue damage in bilateral testes. In conclusion, the therapeutic antioxidant effect of lycopene on germ cells could serve as a promising intervention to oxidative stress-associated infertility problems, such as testicular torsion.
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PMID:Lycopene, an antioxidant carotenoid, attenuates testicular injury caused by ischemia/reperfusion in rats. 1947 70

Physiological function of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been known since a long, but recently toxic effects of ROS on spermatozoa have gained much importance in male infertility. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is believed to be both source and target of ROS. mtDNA unlike nuclear DNA is not compactly packed and hence more susceptible to oxidative stress (OS) than nuclear DNA. In the present study, the role of OS in mitochondrial genome changes was studied in men with idiopathic infertility. The study included 33 infertile oligo-asthenozoospermic (OA) men and 30 fertile controls. Semen analyses were performed and OS was measured by estimating the level of malondialdehye (MDA) in the seminal plasma and ROS in the sperm. Sperm mtDNA was sequenced by standard PCR-DNA sequencing protocol for ATPase and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase (ND) groups of genes. Sperm count and progressive motility were found to be significantly lower in infertile group than the fertile controls. Semen MDA and ROS levels of infertile group were significantly higher (p<0.0001), when compared to the control group. However, catalase and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) levels were significantly lower in infertile group, compared to controls, but no significant difference in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was observed between control and cases. This might be due to higher expression of SOD alone in order to overcome OS in the semen. mtDNA analysis showed significant and high frequency of nucleotide changes in the ATPase (6 and 8), ND (2, 3, 4 and 5) genes of infertile cases compared to the controls. Hence excess ROS and low antioxidant levels in the semen might cause mtDNA mutations and vice versa in OA men that might impair the fertilizing capacity of spermatozoa. Thus, it is important to understand the etiology of mitochondrial genome mutations in idiopathic OA cases for better diagnostic and prognostic value in infertility treatment/assisted reproductive technique.
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PMID:Oxidative stress and sperm mitochondrial DNA mutation in idiopathic oligoasthenozoospermic men. 1951 95


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