Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:1.10.3.2 (laccase)
4,656 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Textile effluents cause a high environmental impact when released into the environment without correct treatment. In this work, we have evaluated the capacity of treatment of a textile effluent using a biological and a chemical method using the sequence Phanerochaete chrysosporium-ozone. The fungal treatment was performed by direct incubation of a fungus spore suspension in textile effluent for nine days. Then, the effluent was ozonized at pH 11 and room temperature. Color, total organic carbon, molecular mass distribution and total phenols were determined. In biological experiments, enzymatic activity (lignin peroxidase, manganese peroxidase and laccase) were also monitored. Toxicity tests were carried out with Scenedesmus subspicatus and with Escherichia coli. Good decoloration, total phenols reduction and textile effluent molecular mass reduction were obtained during the process. No significant total organic carbon reduction was observed. The toxicity of the textile effluent was reduced with both test organisms showing no inhibition at the end of the treatment.
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PMID:Combined treatment of textile effluent using the sequence Phanerochaete chrysosporium-ozone. 1144 11

Under ligninolytic conditions, the white-rot basidiomycete Coriolus versicolor metabolized chloronitrofen (2, 4, 6-trichloro-4'-nitrodiphenyl ether; CNP) and nitrofen (2, 4-dichloro-4'-nitrodiphenyl ether, NIP), which constitute the largest class of commercially produced diphenyl ether herbicides. The pathway of CNP degradation was elucidated by the identification of fungal metabolites upon addition of CNP and its metabolic intermediates. The metabolic pathway was initially branched to form four metabolites--2, 4, 6-trichloro-3-hydroxy-4'-nitrodiphenyl ether, 2, 4-dichloro-6-hydroxy-4'-nitrodiphenyl ether, NIP, and 2, 4, 6-trichloro-4'-aminodiphenyl ether--indicating the involvement of hydroxylation, oxidative dechlorination, reductive dechlorination, and nitro-reduction. Of these reactions, hydroxylation was relatively major compared to the others. Extracellular ligninolytic enzymes such as lignin peroxidase, manganese peroxidase and laccase did not catalyze the oxidation of either CNP or NIP. Piperonyl butoxide, an inhibitor of cytochrome P450, suppressed fungal oxidation of CNP and NIP to their hydroxylated products. The inhibition resulted in increasing the amount of reductively dechlorinated and nitro-reduced products. These observations strongly suggest that basidiomycetes may possess a mechanism for a strict substrate recognition system and a corresponding metabolic response system to effectively degrade environmentally persistent aromatic compounds.
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PMID:Degradation of diphenyl ether herbicides by the lignin-degrading basidiomycete Coriolus versicolor. 1176 5

Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) solutions (BP05 and BF17; 5.0%, wt v(-1)) were degraded by a combination of chemical (Fenton's reagent) and fungal (Phanerochaete chrysosporium) treatments. The overall degradations of BP05 and BF17 were 74.4 and 72.8%, respectively, as determined by chemical oxygen demand (COD) analysis, and 63.7% and 57.7%, respectively, as determined by total organic carbon (TOC) analysis. Increased retention times and changes in the intensity of the PVA peaks on gel permeation chromatograms indicated that PVA molecules of greater molecular weights were degraded to lower molecular weights by both the chemical and fungal treatments. The predominant enzyme secreted by P. chrysosporium in medium containing 2% (wt v(-1)) ground cereal bran in 60 mM phosphate buffer (pH 6.0) was manganese peroxidase. Neither laccase nor lignin peroxidase activity was detected. Manganese peroxidase was probably involved in the biodegradation of the PVA solutions.
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PMID:Biodegradation of polyvinyl alcohol by Phanerochaete chrysosporium after pretreatment with Fenton's reagent. 1184 67

The production of laccase by a Brazilian strain of Pleurotus pulmonarius was studied in solid state fermentation using wheat bran as substrate. Among oxidative and hydrolytic enzymes tested (laccase, aryl alcohol oxidase, lignin peroxidase, Mn peroxidase, xylanase and cellulase), laccase was the main enzyme produced by P. pulmonarius. The most suitable condition for maximum production of laccase (8,600 U/g substrate) was initial moisture content of 75% and 5 days of cultivation at 30 degrees C. The optimum pH and temperature for laccase activity were found to be 6.5 and 50 degrees C, respectively. P. pulmonarius laccase was stable at 50 degrees C for more than 6 hours, and it retained about 73% and 18% of its activity when heated for 1 h at 55 and 60 degrees C, respectively. The enzyme was greatly stable at alkaline pH, but not at acidic pH. The laccase activity appear to be correlated with the ability of crude extract to decolourize several industrial dyes.
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PMID:Production of laccase as the sole phenoloxidase by a Brazilian strain of Pleurotus pulmonarius in solid state fermentation. 1198 72

Olive oil mill wastewater (OMW) is produced as waste in olive oil extraction. With the purpose of treating this highly polluting waste, a number of experiments were conducted in a laboratory-scale bioreactor with the white rot fungus Phanerochaete flavido-alba (P. flavido-alba). It is known that this fungus is capable of decolorizing OMW in static or semistatic cultures at Erlenmeyer scale and at 30 degrees C. The objective of this work was to prove that P. flavido-alba could decolorize OMW in submerged cultures and that it is capable of reducing OMW toxicity at room temperature (25 degrees C) and in a laboratory-scale bioreactor. In the experiments conducted, manganese peroxidase (MnP) and laccase enzymes were detected; however, unlike other studies, lignin peroxidase was not found to be present. Decoloration obtained after treatment was 70%. The reduction of aromatic compounds obtained was 51%, and the toxicity of the culture medium was reduced by up to 70%. We can therefore state that P. flavido-alba is capable of reducing important environmental parameters of industrial effluents and that prospects are positive for the use of this process at a larger scale, even when working at room temperature.
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PMID:Olive oil mill waste waters decoloration and detoxification in a bioreactor by the white rot fungus Phanerochaete flavido-alba. 1205 89

The ability of a Brazilian strain of Pleurotus pulmonarius to decolorize structurally different synthetic dyes (including azo, triphenylmethane, heterocyclic and polymeric dyes) was investigated in solid and submerged cultures. Both were able to decolorize completely or partially 8 of 10 dyes (Amido Black, Congo Red, Trypan Blue, Methyl Green, Remazol Brilliant Blue R, Methyl Violet, Ethyl Violet, Brilliant Cresyl Blue). No decolorization of Methylene Blue and Poly R 478 was observed. Of the four phenol-oxidizing enzymes tested in culture filtrates (lignin peroxidase, manganese peroxidase, aryl alcohol oxidase, laccase), P. pulmonarius produced only laccase. Both laccase activity and dye decolorization were related to glucose and ammonium starvation or to induction by ferulic acid. The decolorization in vivo was tested using three dyes--Remazol Brilliant Blue R, Trypan Blue and Methyl Green. All of them were completely decolorized by crude extracellular extracts. Decolorization and laccase activity were equally affected by pH and temperature. Laccase can thus be considered to be the major enzyme involved in the ability of P. pulmonarius to decolorize industrial dyes.
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PMID:Decolorization of industrial dyes by a Brazilian strain of Pleurotus pulmonarius producing laccase as the sole phenol-oxidizing enzyme. 1209 37

Wastewater produced by the debittering process of green olives (GOW) is rich in polyphenolics and presents high chemical oxygen demand and alkalinity values. Eight white-rot fungi ( Abortiporus biennis, Dichomitus squalens, Inonotus hispidus, Irpex lacteus, Lentinus tigrinus, Panellus stipticus, Pleurotus ostreatus and Trametes hirsuta) were grown in GOW for 1 month and the reduction in total phenolics, the decolorization activity and the related enzyme activities were compared. Phenolics were efficiently reduced by P. ostreatus (52%) and A. biennis (55%), followed by P. stipticus (42%) and D. squalens (36%), but only P. ostreatus had high decolorization efficiency (49%). Laccase activity was the highest in all of the fungi, followed by manganese-independent peroxidase (MnIP). Substantial manganese peroxidase (MnP) activity was observed only in GOW treated with P. ostreatus and A. biennis, whereas lignin peroxidase (LiP) and veratryl alcohol oxidase (VAOx) activities were not detected. Early measurements of laccase activity were highly correlated ( r(2)=0.91) with the final reduction of total phenolics and could serve as an early indicator of the potential of white-rot fungi to efficiently reduce the amount of total phenolics in GOW. The presence of MnP was, however, required to achieve efficient decolorization. Phytotoxicity of GOW treated with a selected P. ostreatus strain did not decline despite large reductions of the phenolic content (76%). Similarly, in GOW treated with purified laccase from Polyporus pensitius, a reduction in total phenolics which exceeded 50% was achieved; however, it was not accompanied by a decline in phytotoxicity. These results are probably related to the formation of phenoxy radicals and quinonoids, which re-polymerize in the absence of VAOx but do not lead to polymer precipitation in the treated GOW.
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PMID:Evaluation of white-rot fungi for detoxification and decolorization of effluents from the green olive debittering process. 1211 Nov 70

Lignocellulosic wastes such as neem hull, wheat bran, and sugarcane bagasse, available in abundance, are excellent substrates for the production of ligninolytic enzymes under solid-state fermentation by white-rot fungi. A ligninolytic enzyme system with high activity showing enhanced decomposition was obtained by cocultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus and Phanerochaete chrysosporium on combinations of lignocellulosic waste. Among the various substrate combinations examined, neem hull and wheat bran wastes gave the highest ligninolytic activity. A maximum production of laccase of 772 U/g and manganese peroxidase of 982 U/g was obtained on d 20 and lignin peroxidase of 656 U/g on d 25 at 28 +/- 1 degrees C under solid-state fermentation. All three enzymes thus obtained were partially purified by acetone fractionation and were exploited for decolorizing different types of acid and reactive dyes.
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PMID:Production of ligninolytic enzymes for dye decolorization by cocultivation of white-rot fungi Pleurotus ostreatus and phanerochaete chrysosporium under solid-state fermentation. 1239 15

The ligninolytic system of white rot fungi is primarily composed of lignin peroxidase, manganese peroxidase (MnP) and laccase. The present work was carried out to determine the best culture conditions for production of MnP and its activity in the relatively little-explored cultures of Dichomitus squalens, Irpex flavus and Polyporus sanguineus, as compared with conditions for Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Coriolus versicolor. Studies on enzyme production under different nutritional conditions revealed veratryl alcohol, guaiacol, Reax 80 and Polyfon H to be excellent MnP inducers.
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PMID:Effect of culture conditions on manganese peroxidase production and activity by some white rot fungi. 1254 83

A white rot fungus Thelephora sp. was used for decolourization of azo dyes such as orange G (50 microM), congo red (50 microM), and amido black 10B (25 microM). Decolourization using the fungus was 33.3%, 97.1% and 98.8% for orange G, congo red and amido black 10B, respectively. An enzymatic dye decolourization study showed that a maximum of 19% orange G was removed by laccase at 15 U/ml whereas lignin peroxidase (LiP) and manganese dependent peroxidase (MnP) at the same concentration decolourized 13.5% and 10.8%, orange G, respectively. A maximum decolourization of 12.0% and 15.0% for congo red and amido black 10B, respectively, was recorded by laccase. A dye industry effluent was treated by the fungus in batch and continuous modes. A maximum decolourization of 61% was achieved on the third day in the batch mode and a maximum decolourization of 50% was obtained by the seventh day in the continuous mode. These results suggest that the batch mode of treatment using Thelephora sp. may be more effective than the continuous mode for colour removal from dye industry effluents.
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PMID:Decolourization of azo dyes and a dye industry effluent by a white rot fungus Thelephora sp. 1257 4


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