Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:1.10.3.1 (tyrosinase)
 9,065 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A rapid and simple near-infrared (NIR) luminescence quenching method for the detection of phenolic compounds based on combining the unique property of N-acetyl-L-cysteine-protected gold nanoparticles (NAC-AuNPs) and tyrosinase (Tyr) enzymatic reactions is described. This method relies on the luminescence quenching of NAC-AuNPs-tyrosinase (NAC-AuNPs-Tyr) hybrid material by phenolic compounds. The quinone intermediates produced from enzymatic catalytic oxidation of phenolic compounds were believed to play a major role in the luminescence quenching. Dynamic quenching mechanism was confirmed by using time-resolved luminescence spectroscopy. Optimization of the experimental parameters including the concentration of NAC-AuNPs-Tyr (20 microg/mL), excitation wavelength (450nm), pH (6.0), and temperature (20 degrees C) has been determined. A linear range 0.5 microM to 1.0 mM and a detection limit 0.1 microM of catechol were obtained under optimal conditions. The sensitivity of different phenolic compounds was compared and follows the trend: catechol>p-cresol>phenol. The proposed NIR luminescence quenching method exhibits high sensitivity, good repeatability, and long-term stability, demonstrating potential for further development to NIR luminescence phenol biosensors.
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PMID:Near-infrared luminescence quenching method for the detection of phenolic compounds using N-acetyl-L-cysteine-protected gold nanoparticles-tyrosinase hybrid material. 1983

Beneficial fungi in the genus Trichoderma are among the most widespread biocontrol agents of plant pathogens. Their role in triggering plant defenses against pathogens has been intensely investigated, while, in contrast, very limited information is available on induced barriers active against insects. The growing experimental evidence on this latter topic looks promising, and paves the way toward the development of Trichoderma strains and/or consortia active against multiple targets. However, the predictability and reproducibility of the effects that these beneficial fungi is still somewhat limited by the lack of an in-depth understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the specificity of their interaction with different crop varieties, and on how the environmental factors modulate this interaction. To fill this research gap, here we studied the transcriptome changes in tomato plants (cultivar "Dwarf San Marzano") induced by Trichoderma harzianum (strain T22) colonization and subsequent infestation by the aphid Macrosiphum euphorbiae. A wide transcriptome reprogramming, related to metabolic processes, regulation of gene expression and defense responses, was induced both by separate experimental treatments, which showed a synergistic interaction when concurrently applied. The most evident expression changes of defense genes were associated with the multitrophic interaction Trichoderma-tomato-aphid. Early and late genes involved in direct defense against insects were induced (i.e., peroxidase, GST, kinases and polyphenol oxidase, miraculin, chitinase), along with indirect defense genes, such as sesquiterpene synthase and geranylgeranyl phosphate synthase. Targeted and untargeted semi-polar metabolome analysis revealed a wide metabolome alteration showing an increased accumulation of isoprenoids in Trichoderma treated plants. The wide array of transcriptomic and metabolomics changes nicely fit with the higher mortality of aphids when feeding on Trichoderma treated plants, herein reported, and with the previously observed attractiveness of these latter toward the aphid parasitoid Aphidius ervi. Moreover, Trichoderma treated plants showed the over-expression of transcripts coding for several families of defense-related transcription factors (bZIP, MYB, NAC, AP2-ERF, WRKY), suggesting that the fungus contributes to the priming of plant responses against pest insects. Collectively, our data indicate that Trichoderma treatment of tomato plants induces transcriptomic and metabolomic changes, which underpin both direct and indirect defense responses.
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PMID:Transcriptome and Metabolome Reprogramming in Tomato Plants by Trichoderma harzianum strain T22 Primes and Enhances Defense Responses Against Aphids. 3129 34