Gene/Protein
Disease
Symptom
Drug
Enzyme
Compound
Pivot Concepts:
Gene/Protein
Disease
Symptom
Drug
Enzyme
Compound
Target Concepts:
Gene/Protein
Disease
Symptom
Drug
Enzyme
Compound
Query: EC:1.10.3.1 (
tyrosinase
)
9,065
document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)
The effects of different concentrations of CO(2) (1%, 2.5% and 5%) on the antioxidant capacity, total phenols, flavonoids, protein content and phenol biosynthetic enzymes in roots of Panax ginseng were studied in bioreactor (working volume 4 l) after 15, 30 and 45 days. CO(2) induced accumulation of total phenolics in a concentration and duration dependent manner. Total phenols, flavonoids and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) activity increased 60%, 30% and 20% at 2.5% CO(2) after 45 days compared to control in P. ginseng roots which indicated that phenolics compounds played an important role in protecting the plants from CO(2). Hypothesizing that increasing the phenolic compounds in roots of P. ginseng may increase its nutritional functionality; we investigated whether
pentose
phosphate pathway (PPP), shikimate/phenylpropanoid pathway enzymes have a role in phenolics mobilization in P. ginseng roots. Fresh weight (FW), dry weight (DW) and growth ratio was increased at 1% and 2.5% CO(2) only after 45 days, however, unaffected after 15 and 30 days. Results also indicated that high CO(2) progressively stimulated the activities of glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH, E.C. 1.1.1.49), shikimate dehydrogenase (SKDH, E.C. 1.1.1.25), phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL, E.C. 4.3.1.5), cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD, E.C. 1.1.1.195), caffeic acid (CA) peroxidase and chlorogenic acid (CGA) peroxidase after 15, 30 and 45 days. Increased CO(2) levels resulted in increases in accumulation of total protein (45%), non-protein thiol (NP-SH) (30%) and cysteine contents (52%) after 45 days compared to control and increased activities of beta-glucosidase (GS, E.C. 3.2.1.21) and
polyphenol oxidase
(PPO, E.C. 1.10.3.2) in P. ginseng roots indicated that they played an important role in protecting the plants from CO(2). These results strongly suggest that high concentration of CO(2) delivered to ginseng root suspension cultures induced the accumulation of total phenolics possessing high antioxidant properties probably useful for human health. Therefore, roots of P. ginseng are considered as a good source of phenolics compounds with high antioxidants capacity and can be produced on a large scale.
...
PMID:CO(2)-induced total phenolics in suspension cultures of Panax ginseng C. A. Mayer roots: role of antioxidants and enzymes. 1587 84
Compared to the control longans, hydrogen peroxide (H
2
O
2
)-treated longans exhibited higher index of pulp breakdown, higher fruit respiration rate, higher activities of pulp phosphohexose isomerase (PGI), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), cytochrome C oxidase (CCO), ascorbic acid oxidase (AAO) and
polyphenol oxidase
(
PPO
), but lower activity of pulp nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide kinase (NADK). H
2
O
2
-treated longans also exhibited lower total activities of pulp glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH) and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6-PGDH), lower levels of pulp NADP(H), but higher levels of pulp NAD(H). These data indicated that H
2
O
2
-stimulated longan pulp breakdown was owing to a decreased proportion of
pentose
phosphate pathway (PPP), the increased proportions of Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway (EMP), tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and cytochrome pathway (CCP) in total respiratory pathways. These findings further revealed that H
2
O
2
could enhance respiration rate, and thus accelerate pulp breakdown occurrence and shorten the shelf life of longan fruit.
...
PMID:The role of ROS-induced change of respiratory metabolism in pulp breakdown development of longan fruit during storage. 3149 87
Benzothiazole (BT) has a strong inhibitory effect on the growth and development of a wide spectrum of fungi and insects, such as
Botrytis cinerea
and
Bradysia odoriphaga
, that cause serious losses in agriculture. To investigate the underlying antifungal and insecticidal mechanisms of BT, RNA-seq analysis was performed for
B. cinerea
after BT treatment for 12, 24, and 48 h and for
B. odoriphaga
after BT treatment for 6 and 24 h. In
B. cinerea
, the pectin degradation process was inhibited, suggesting a low utilization of carbohydrate sources. As the treatment time was extended, the cell walls of
B. cinerea
thickened, and increases in melanin synthesis and ion transport were observed. In
B. odoriphaga
, signaling pathways including MAPK, insulin, adipocytokine, forkhead box class O, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor were activated at 6 h, and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase was the core gene in the signal transduction pathways that responded to BT; digestive system and melanogenesis genes were obviously altered at 24 h. In addition, we identified several insecticidal target genes, such as trypsin, aminopeptidase N, and
tyrosinase
. Benzothiazole significantly affected nutrient metabolism, especially carbohydrate metabolism, in both species, and the
pentose
and glucuronate interconversions pathway was shared by both species, although the individual genes were different in each species. Overall, our results suggested that BT was a melanogenesis disrupter for the insect but an activator for the fungus. Our findings are helpful for deeply exploring the genes targeted by BT and for developing new pesticide compounds with unique mechanisms of action.
...
PMID:Comparison of Transcriptome Profiles of the Fungus
Botrytis cinerea
and Insect Pest
Bradysia odoriphaga
in Response to Benzothiazole. 3265 8
