Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:1.10.3.1 (tyrosinase)
 9,065 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Specific markers (growth, melanogenesis) of B16 murine melanoma cells in culture were used as indicators of toxin production by Aeromonas hydrophila. Cytotonic enterotoxinlike activity (inhibited growth, raised tyrosinase activity, and melanin accumulation) occurred at cytotoxic end points of purified beta-hemolysin and several culture filtrates. Antihemolysin rabbit serum inhibited this activity. A hemolysin-neutralized culture filtrate concentrate (10X) failed to elevate tyrosinase relative to untreated and cholera toxin treated controls. Similar dilution profiles using Chinese hamster ovary cells showed limited cell extension only at cytotoxic end points with antihemolysin inhibiting this activity. Cytotoxicity of Chinese hamster ovary cells and B16 cells was proportional to hemolytic activity, with B16 cells showing about 100-fold greater sensitivity on a per cell basis. Cell culture cytotoxicity attributed to beta-hemolysin correlated with reactivity in rabbit ileal loop assays. The ADP-ribosyl transferase activity of concentrated (10X) A. hydrophila culture filtrates and fractions thereof was negative. Apparently sublethal doses of A. hydrophila beta-hemolysin can nonspecifically stimulate cyclic adenosine monophosphate mediated events in melanoma and Chinese hamster ovary cell assays, producing lower activities than cholera toxin with shorter lag times.
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PMID:Melanogenesis in murine B16 cells exposed to Aeromonas hydrophila cytotoxic enterotoxin. 309 98

Three types of ferulic acid derivatives (feruloylaminoacid benzyl or methyl esters, feruloylaminoacids, and 4-0-[N-(carbobenzyloxy)-aminoacyl] ferulic acid) were synthesized by introduction of amino acids at different sites and their platelet aggregation (PA)-inhibitory, tyrosinase-inhibitory, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)-inhibitory, and superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activities were evaluated. PA, one of the mechanisms involved in repair of blood vessel injury, is related to diseases such as thrombosis. Developing a compound capable of inhibiting PA may thus provide a therapeutic tool. From the results of study, particularly in the case of 4-0-[N-(carbobenzyloxy) aminoacyl] ferulic acid (amino acid components: isoleucine, proline), inhibition of collagen-induced aggregation was maintained of the same level as with ferulic acid, but stronger dissociation of ADP-induced aggregation was detected. In other words, these compounds may not only prevent thrombosis but also dissolve thrombi. Further, the compounds with stronger tyrosinase-inhibitory activity were found to scavenge superoxide as effectively as ferulic acid. Since they are also more hydrophobic, they may be particularly efficacious as cosmetic ingredients. Finally, feruloyl-Phe-Ala-Pro-OH had strong ACE inhibitory activity (IC50 = 1.5 microM) lacking in the case of ferulic acid itself.
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PMID:Synthesis and biological activities of ferulic acid derivatives. 1062 55

The adaptor complexes AP-1 and AP-3 are localized to endosomes and/or the trans Golgi network (TGN). Because of limitations in analysing intracellular adaptor function directly, their site of function is a matter of ongoing uncertainty. To overcome this problem and to analyse adaptor sorting at the TGN, we reconstituted vesicle formation from Golgi/TGN-enriched membranes in a novel in vitro budding assay. Melanocytes were metabolically labelled followed by a 19 degrees C temperature block to accumulate newly synthesized proteins in Golgi membranes, which were then enriched by subcellular fractionation and used as donor membranes for vesicle formation in vitro. The incorporation of the melanosomal proteins tyrosinase and tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TRP-1) as well as Lamp-1 and 46 kDa mannose-6-phosphate receptor (MPR46) into Golgi/TGN-derived vesicles was temperature, nucleotide, cytosol, ADP ribosylation factor 1 and adaptor dependent. We show that sorting of TRP-1 and MPR46 was AP-1 dependent, while budding of tyrosinase and Lamp-1 required AP-3. Depletion of clathrin inhibited sorting of all four cargo proteins, suggesting that AP-1 and AP-3 are involved in the formation of distinct types of clathrin-coated vesicles, each of which is characterized by the incorporation of specific cargo membrane proteins.
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PMID:AP-1 and AP-3 mediate sorting of melanosomal and lysosomal membrane proteins into distinct post-Golgi trafficking pathways. 1841 Apr 87

Geminiviruses have evolved with tremendous potential of recombination and possess the ability to manipulate several cellular processes of hosts. Chilli leaf curl virus (ChiLCV) is a monopartite Begomovirus (family Geminiviridae) which has emerged as a serious threat to chilli production worldwide. To date, development of resistant chilli varieties through conventional plant breeding techniques remains the major antiviral strategy. To explore the potential resistance factors in Capsicum annuum var. Punjab Lal, we performed a transcriptome analysis in ChiLCV-infected plants by exploiting the advantage of sensitivity and efficiency of suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH). Out of 480 clones screened, 231 unique expressed sequence tags (ESTs) involved in different cellular and physiological processes were identified. An interactome network of ChiLCV responsive differentially expressed genes revealed an array of proteins involved in key cellular processes including transcription, replication, photosynthesis, and defense. A comparative study of gene expression between resistant and susceptible chilli plants revealed upregulation of several defense-related genes such as nucleotide-binding site leucine-rich repeat (NBS-LRR) domain containing protein, lipid transfer protein, thionin, polyphenol oxidase, and other proteins like ATP/ADP transporter in the ChiLCV-resistant variety. Taken together, the present study provides novel insights into the transcriptomics of ChiLCV-resistant chilli plants.
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PMID:Chilli leaf curl virus infection highlights the differential expression of genes involved in protein homeostasis and defense in resistant chilli plants. 2569 70

Germin-like proteins (GLPs) are evolutionary conserved ubiquitous plant glycoproteins belonging to the cupin superfamily. A large number of GLP family members have been identified from different higher and lower plant species, and those have been classified into different subfamilies. Although three histidine residues (H) and one glutamate residue (E) in germin box B and C were conserved among all the GLP subfamily members, how the sequences of one subfamily member differ from the other is unclear. Progress in the field of genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics has made it possible to understand the variation at gene level among different GLP members from diverse genera and also their biological significances. GLPs from different plant species were found to have various enzymatic properties including oxalate oxidase (OxO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), ADP glucose pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase (AGPPase), and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activities. 'Omics' study demonstrated the expression as well as involvement of GLP family members in almost every part of higher plants as well as in lower plants. Additionally, GLPs from different species were reported to be involved in biotic as well as abiotic stresses and also in the growth and development. This review describes the present research status of GLPs from different plant species, their expressions, and functional significances. Sequence variation was detected among GLP subfamily members at the amino acid level, and based on the sequence variation and phylogenetic analyses, two new GLP subfamilies have been proposed in this review.
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PMID:Versatility of germin-like proteins in their sequences, expressions, and functions. 2617 51

In this work, a fluorometric and colorimetric analysis of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was developed based on nanozymes. The nanozymes were composed of nucleotides (ATP, ADP and AMP) coordinated with copper ions. All three kinds of nanozymes (ATP-Cu, ADP-Cu and AMP-Cu) exhibited polyphenol oxidase (PPO)-mimic activity by catalyzing a chromogenic reaction of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DP) and 4-aminoantipyrine (4-AP). However, there were obvious differences in the PPO-like activity and the fluorescence of the three nanozymes produced from the same concentration of nucleotides (keeping the concentration of Cu2+ unchanged at 5 mM). The catalytic activities of produced ADP-Cu and AMP-Cu were obviously higher than that of ATP-Cu at a certain nucleotide concentration of 3 mM. In addition, when ATP was hydrolyzed into ADP and AMP by ALP, more nanozymes were produced and the catalytic activity of the system was enhanced, which resulted in an obvious increase of the colorimetric signal. The signal intensity was proportional to ALP concentration in the range of 0-30 U L-1, and the detection limit for ALP was 0.3 U L-1 from the colorimetric detection. Moreover, the fluorescence intensity of the produced nanozymes was also proportional to the ALP concentration in the range of 1-30 U L-1 and the detection limit was 0.45 U L-1 from the fluorescence detection. A fluorometric and colorimetric sensing ALP method was thus established. The method showed a high selectivity for ALP activity compared with proteins, amino acids and other interference components. Furthermore, the proposed method was also used to detect ALP activity in human serum samples, which showed great potential for diagnostic and practical purposes.
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PMID:Fluorometric and colorimetric analysis of alkaline phosphatase activity based on a nucleotide coordinated copper ion mimicking polyphenol oxidase. 3157 98