Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:1.10.3.1 (tyrosinase)
 9,065 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Beagle serum proteins were separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and the electrophoretograms were examined by one- and two-dimensional analyses with a laser densitometer. In order from the anodic side of the PAGE pattern, pre-albumin, hexokinase, tyrosinase, alkaline phosphatase, urease, and aldehyde dehydrogenase were assumed to be present based on Rf and Mw. Serum albumin, lactate dehydrogenase, and catalase appeared to be present based on a comparison of their electrophoretic mobility with that of protein standards of known Mw. Verification of beagle serum protein fractions by immunofixation electrophoresis and western blotting electrophoresis, with rabbit anti-human serum, indicated alpha 1-antitrypsin, albumin, haptoglobin, ceruloplasmin, C3c complement, IgG, and IgA. Serum protein fraction values (%) obtained by one- and two-dimensional analyses were similar.
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PMID:Analysis of a polyacrylamide gel electrophoretogram of beagle serum protein by laser densitometer. 765 Sep 2

Studies on the soil microbes, soil enzyme activity and soil biochemical intensity in copper mining wasteland indicated that the total quantity of major soil microbes declined by 68.43%-80.32%, compared with that of the non-minig soil. The proportion of bacteria and actinomyces decreased, while that of fungi did not changed obviously. The amount of major physiological groups including ammonifiers, nitrogen fixing bacteria, cellulose decomposing bacteria, aerobic nitrogen fixing bacteria and anaerobic nitrogen fixing bacteria all decreased, and soil basic respiration descended, compared with the control. The activity of soil enzymes weakened, which included urease, sucrase, proteinase, acid phosphtase, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase and dehydrogenase. Soil biochemical intensity including ammonification, nitrification, nitrogen fixation and cellulose decomposition descended, and the circulation of C and N in mining soil inhibited. All the results showed that the weakening of microbial activity was one of major characteristics in reclaimed mining soil.
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PMID:[Microbial eco-characteristics of reclaimed mining wasteland in red soil area of southern China. I. Effects on soil microbial activity]. 1499 48

Pot culture experiments were conducted to study the effect of industrial and sewage sludge on some enzyme activities and heavy metal concentrations in alluvial soil. The results showed that the heavy metals in both industrial and sewage sludge were mainly non-exchangeable, and those in sewage sludge had a lower concentration but a higher bio-availability than in industrial sludge. The application of sludge could increase the activities of soil urease, polyphenol oxidase and neutral phosphatase, and the polyphenol oxidase and neutral phosphatase activities showed a reverse relationship with the concentrations of soil exchangeable Zn and Cu. Soil polyphenol oxidase and catalase activities could be used to indicate the Zn pollution in soil.
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PMID:[Effect of continual application of two kinds sludge on enzyme activities and heavy metal concentrations in alluvial soil]. 1522 5

Effects of petroleum contamination on bacterial diversities and enzymatic activities in paddy soils were investigated in the Shenfu irrigation area, the largest area irrigated by oil-containing wastewater for more than 50 yr in northeastern China. Bacterial diversities were determined by conventional colony morphology typing techniques and 16S rDNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). Dehydrogenase, hydrogen peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, urease, and substrate-induced respiration (SIR) were measured to evaluate the effects of petroleum-containing wastewater irrigation on soil biochemical characteristics. Results showed that paddy soil total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) concentration in the irrigation area varied from 277.11 to 5213.37 mg kg(-1) dry soil. Soil TPH concentration declined along the gradient of the irrigation channel from up- to downstream. At the current pollution level, the paddy soil TPH concentration was positively correlated with the colony forming units (CFU) of aerobic heterotrophic bacteria (AHB) (r = 0.928, p < 0.001) and the genetic diversity based on DGGE profiles (r = 0.655, p < 0.05). The bacterial diversities in the soils based on colony morphotypes of AHB also increased with TPH concentration (r = 0.598), but not significant statistically (p = 0.052). Analysis of soil enzyme activities indicated a significant positive correlation between soil TPH concentration and activities of dehydrogenases (r = 0.974, p < 0.001), hydrogen peroxidases (r = 0.957, p < 0.001), polyphenol oxidases (r = 0.886, p < 0.001), and SIR (r = 0.916, p < 0.001). On the contrary, the urease activity showed a negative correlation with paddy soil TPH concentration (r = -0.814, p = 0.002), and could be used as a sensitive indicator of petroleum contamination.
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PMID:Effect of petroleum-containing wastewater irrigation on bacterial diversities and enzymatic activities in a paddy soil irrigation area. 1588 93

This paper studied the effects of replacing natural secondary broad-leaved forest with Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation in the south, central and upstate areas of subtropical China on the changes of soil chemical and biological properties. The results showed that after replacing with Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation, the total organic carbon (TOC) content in surface soil decreased by 31.51% - 58.24%, and the contents of soil total N and P, pH value, C/N and C/P also decreased to different degree. Soil microbial amount was less than that under natural secondary broad-leaved forest, soil urease, invertase, catalase and dehydrogenase activities decreased, while soil polyphenol oxidase activity increased by 8% - 40%. The respiration rate of Cunninghamia lanceolata soil was 51.15% - 54.48% lower than that of natural secondary broad-leaved forest soil. The correlation between soil TOC and polyphenol oxidase activity was negative (R = - 0.723, n = 18), while those between soil TOC, N, P and other enzyme activities were positive. It could be concluded that replacing natural secondary broad-leaved forest with Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation worsened soil quality, and the loss of soil organic matter in Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation ecosystem might be one of the important factors resulted in the decrease of soil nutrients and enzyme activities.
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PMID:[Effects of replacing natural secondary broad-leaved forest with Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation on soil biological activities]. 1626 50

The study with pot experiment showed that with increasing Cu concentration, soil urease, invertase, catalase and polyphenol oxidase activities decreased gradually. There was a significant correlation between Cu concentration and soil enzyme activities, with the correlated degree followed the order of invertase > polyphenol oxidase > urease > catalase. Under a fixed Cu concentration, soil enzyme activities changed with time, and the changes were different between high and low Cu concentrations, being increased slightly under low Cu concentration (< 500 mg x kg(-1)), but decreased gradually as Cu concentration increased (500-3000 mg x kg(-1)). Statistical analysis indicated that within the range of test Cu concentrations, the activities of test soil enzymes were significantly different among different Cu concentration (P < 0.01), which was accorded with the seedlings growth status. Soil pH was decreased, while electric conductivity was increased with increasing Cu concentration (500-3000 mg x kg(-1)), but they were increased with time under a fixed Cu concentration, with significant difference among different Cu concentration (P < 0.01) . Soil pH and electric conductivity were highly related to soil enzyme activities, with the order of polyphenol oxidase > invertase > catalase > urease. The test soil enzyme activities could be used as the indices of soil environment quality.
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PMID:[Effects of copper pollution on Trifolium repens growth and soil enzyme activities]. 1651 99

With 110-d incubation experiment in laboratory, the responses of microbial quantity, soil enzymatic activity, and bacterial community structure to different amounts of diesel fuel amendments were studied to reveal whether certain biological and biochemical characteristics could serve as reliable indicators of petroleum hydrocarbon contamination in meadow-brown soil, and use these indicators to evaluate the actual ecological impacts of 50-year petroleum-refining wastewater irrigation on soil function in Shenfu irrigation area. Results showed that amendments of < or =1000 mg/kg diesel fuel stimulated the growth of aerobic heterotrophic bacteria, and increased the activity of soil dehydrogenase, hydrogenperoxidase, polyphenol oxidase and substrate-induced respiration. Soil bacterial diversity decreased slightly during the first 15 d of incubation and recovered to the control level on day 30. The significant decrease of the colony forming units of soil actinomyces and filamentous fungi can be taken as the sensitive biological indicators of petroleum contamination when soil was amended with > or =5000 mg/kg diesel fuel. The sharp decrease in urease activity was recommended as the most sensitive biochemical indicator of heavy diesel fuel contamination. The shifts in community structure to a community documented by Sphingomonadaceae within alpha-subgroup of Proteobacteria could be served as a sensitive and precise indicator of diesel fuel contamination. Based on the results described in this paper, the soil function in Shenfu irrigation area was disturbed to some extent.
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PMID:Dynamic changes in microbial activity and community structure during biodegradation of petroleum compounds: a laboratory experiment. 1796 58

With adjacent semi-moving dune as the control, this paper studied the effects of 5-, 10- and 22-year old Hedysarum fruticosum plantations on the nutrient status, microbial biomass, and enzyme activities at the soil depths 0-10, 10-20 and 20-30 cm. The results showed that with the establishment of H. fruticosum plantation on moving dune, soil C, N, P and K contents and biological activities increased obviously with the increasing age of the plantation, and the increment was much higher at 0-10 cm than at 10-20 and 20-30 cm. At 0-30 cm, soil C/N increased from 7.3 to 8.5, and microbial biomass C, N and P as well as the activities of urease, protease, saccharase, phosphomonoesterase, dehydrogenase, polyphenol oxidase and nitrate reductase all increased. Among the test enzyme activities, saccharase activity had the most significant increase, with its value at 0-10 cm being 49.7-284.5 times of the control. There were significant positive correlations between soil microbial biomass C, N and P and organic C, total N and total P, respectively, and between soil microbial biomass and enzyme activities.
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PMID:[Amelioration effect of sand-fixing Hedysarum fruticosum plantations on soil nutrient contents and biological activities]. 1797 38

To investigate the effects of elevated temperature on the soil organic carbon content, soil respiration rate, and soil enzyme activities in subalpine Picea asperata plantations in western Sichuan Province of China, a simulation study was conducted in situ with open-top chambers from November 2005 to July 2007. The results showed that under elevated temperature, the mean air temperature and soil temperature were 0.42 degrees C and 0.25 degrees C higher than the control, respectively. In the first and the second year, the increased temperature had somewhat decreasing effects on the soil organic carbon and the C/N ratio at the soil depths of 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm. In the first year the soil organic carbon and the C/N ratio in 0-10 cm soil layer decreased by 8.69%, and 8.52%, respectively; but in the second year, the decrements were lesser. Soil respiration rate was significantly enhanced in the first year of warming, but had no significant difference with the control in the second year. In the first year of warming, the activities of soil invertase, polyphenol oxidase, catalase, protease, and urease increased, and the invertase and polyphenol oxidase activities in 0-10 cm soil layer were significantly higher than the control. In the second year of warming, the activities of invertase, protease and urease still had an increase, but those of catalase and polyphenol oxidase had a downtrend, compared with the control.
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PMID:[Effects of elevated temperature on soil organic carbon and soil respiration under subalpine coniferous forest in western Sichuan Province, China]. 1897 35

To understand the effects of seasonal freeze-thaw on the ecological processes of subalpine forest ecosystem, the enzyme activities in Abies faxoniana and Betula platyphylla litters under freeze-thaw were measured from October 2006 to October 2007 by the method of litter bags. There was an obvious monthly change in the enzyme activities, but the peak time varied with enzymes. Compared to the control, freeze-thaw had significant effects on the activities of invertase, urease, cellulase, and dehydrogenase in the litters (P < 0.05). Over a growth season, the invertase, cellulase, and urease activities in fir litter increased by 66.1%, 14.8%, and 76.3%, respectively while dehydrogenase activity decreased by 18.4%, and the invertase activity in birch litter increased by 39.4% while the urease, cellulase and dehydrogenase activities decreased by 18.2%, 28.7% and 15.6%, respectively. As for the activities of peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase in fir and birch litters, they were less affected by freeze-thaw. All of these revealed that seasonal freeze-thaw had definite effects on the litter decomposition of subalpine forest, which closely related to the kind of litter and its decomposition stage.
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PMID:[Effects of seasonal freeze-thaw on the enzyme activities in Abies faxoniana and Betula platyphylla litters]. 1980 55


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