Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:1.10.3.1 (tyrosinase)
 9,065 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The molecular bases of various types of congenital hypopigmentary disorders have been clarified in the past 10 years. Homozygous gene mutations of enzymes functional in melanogenesis such as tyrosinase, P protein and DHICA oxidase, result in oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) 1, OCA 2, and OCA 3, respectively. The genes responsible for Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) and Chediak-Higashi syndrome (CHS) have also recently been isolated and cloned. The transcription factor paired box 3 (PAX3) works at the promoter region of the microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) gene, and the MITF transcription factor orders the expression of c-kit, which encodes the receptor for stem-cell factor, which in turn stimulates melanoblast migration from the neural tube to the skin in the embryo. Heterozygous mutations of PAX3, MITF, or c-kit genes induce Waardenburg syndrome (WS) 1/3, WS 2 or Piebaldism, respectively. A defect of endothelin-3 or the endothelin-B receptor produces WS 4. In our examination of 26 OCA 1 patients in Japan, all were found to have homozygous or heterozygous tyrosinase gene mutations at codons 77 or 310. Therefore, mutations at codons 77 and 310 are the major ones in Japanese patients with OCA 1. An autosomal dominant pigmentary disease of dyschromatosis symmetrica hereditaria (DSH) is well known in Japan, and is characterized by a mixture of hypo- and hyper-pigmented macules of various sizes on the backs of the hands and feet. The disease gene and its chromosomal localization have not been identified yet. Our trial of linkage analysis and positional cloning to determine the disease gene is presented.
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PMID:Molecular bases of congenital hypopigmentary disorders in humans and oculocutaneous albinism 1 in Japan. 1104 70

PAX3 (paired box 3) is known to have an important role in melanocyte development through modulation of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor transcription. Here we found that PAX3 transcriptional activity could be regulated through FGF2 (basic fibroblast growth factor)-STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) signaling in the pigment cells. To study its function in vivo, we have generated a transgenic mouse model expressing PAX3 driven by tyrosinase promoter in a tissue-specific fashion. These animals exhibit hyperpigmentation in the epidermis, evident in the skin color of their ears and tails. We showed that the darker skin color results from both increased melanocyte numbers and melanin synthesis. Together, our study delineated a novel pathway in the melanocyte lineage, linking FGF2-STAT3 signaling to increased PAX3 transcription. Moreover, our results suggest that this pathway might contribute to the regulation of melanocyte numbers and melanin levels, and thereby provide an alternative strategy to induce pigmentation.
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PMID:FGF2 regulates melanocytes viability through the STAT3-transactivated PAX3 transcription. 2199 91

The use of growth factor composites from platelets has been introduced to many areas of clinical applications and studies. With the richest source of growth factors (GFs), beneficial effects have been shown on tissue regeneration and wound healing. However, animal and clinical studies have revealed inconsistent outcomes with the use of platelet-derived growth factors (PDGFs), which were likely due to variations in the presence and concentrations of GFs between various sources. Autologous PDGFs are considered to be safer, but they are limited by the feasibility of large-scale production to be used extensively in the acute phase, greater surface area, or general cosmetic applications. This study employed a simple process to obtain growth factor composites from activated platelets of porcine origin, namely skin renewal growth factors (SRGF). The functions of SRGF were subsequently evaluated on cultured human fibroblasts, keratinocytes, and melanocytes. Our data revealed that SRGF significantly promoted the proliferation of fibroblasts, accompanied by increased expression of collagens (types I, III, IV, and VIII) and proteoglycans. Diminished proliferation and arrested differentiation of keratinocytes were evidenced by the attenuated expression of laminin V and keratin 10. In addition, SRGF also suppressed the growth of melanocytes and reduced the expression of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), tyrosinase, and paired box 3 (PAX3), which mediates melanogensis. Our results suggest that SRGF possesses beneficial properties and is a promising and cost-effective composition for the development of a safe cosmetic agent or topical products for skin regeneration. The development of SRGF may also provide an alternative strategy for tissue engineering.
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PMID:An ideal preparation for dermal regeneration: skin renewal growth factors, the growth factor composites from porcine platelets. 2295 Apr 29