Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:1.1.1.49 (glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase)
 7,794 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Multigenerational studies were carried out on albino rats obtained from parent progeny - female-intact and male-perorally exposed to lead acetate, in the drinking water - 0.2 mg/kg (group I) and 20 mg/kg (group II); the data were compared with a control group. Changes were found in each progeny as follows : in PI - reduced erythrocyte count, increased reticulocytes (group II); enhanced ATP activity in brain homogenates (group II), as will as increased disulphide groups in homogenates from brain, liver and testis (group II), highly reduced indices of fertility - 50% and of gestation - 62% (group II), in 100% level of the same indices in the control animals respectively. In P2 - reticulocytosis, reduced CytO in homogenates of liver, reduced activity of ATP and SucDH, enhanced activity of LDH and G6PDH in brain homogenates (group I), reduced fertility index - 67% versus 100% of the controls. In P3 - increased erythrocyte count (group II), changes in the electrophoretic protein profile of serum (group II); reduction of ChEA (groups I and II) and CytO (group II) in liver, reduced ChEA in brain (group II). The results obtained suggest an eventual high real and potential risk for the human generation, when the males are exposed to considerable concentrations (doses) of lead under working conditions.
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PMID:[Experimental assessment of the risk for offspring in lead exposure]. 648 30

Erythrocytes of Dorset sheep, an animal model with an erythrocyte glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) deficiency, responded in a dose-dependent manner to the oxidant stress of di- and trichloroacetic acids (DCA and TCA) as measured by increases in methemoglobin (METHB) and decreases in glutathione (GSH). Given the fact that TCA and DCA are now being found in community drinking water supplies at levels greater than 100 micrograms/liter, there is a need to further investigate their effects on biological systems, including those with a compromised ability to deal with oxidant stress (e.g., G-6-PD-deficient erythrocytes).
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PMID:The effects of di- and trichloroacetic acid on sheep erythrocytes: an animal model with a glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. 649 98

Persisting focal lesions, namely glycogen storage (glycogenotic) foci and mixed cell foci, were induced in liver by treatment of rats with the hepatocarcinogen N-nitrosomorpholine in a concentration of 200 mg/l drinking water for 7 weeks. Four and seven weeks after withdrawal of the carcinogen, the persisting foci were dissected from freeze-dried cryostat sections and their glycogen content and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity were analyzed with highly sensitive luminometrical tests. The foci composed exclusively of storage cells contained on an average 100% more glycogen than the surrounding tissue of normal appearance or the liver parenchyma of untreated control animals. The overall glycogen content of the mixed cell foci, which were composed of both glycogenotic and glycogen-poor basophilic cells, was not distinguishable from that of the normal liver tissue. The activity of the G6PDH showed a clear tendency to higher values in the majority of the small glycogen storage foci (up to 100 ng dissected material). However, in larger glycogenotic foci and in particular in the mixed cell foci the activity of this enzyme was significantly higher (by a factor of approximately 3 and 6, respectively) than in the surrounding tissue of normal appearance and in the liver parenchyma of untreated controls. The data support the concept that hepatocarcinogens induce a focal hepatic glycogen storage disease of the liver which appears to elicit adaptive enzymatic changes gradually redirecting the disturbed carbohydrate metabolism towards other metabolic pathways, such as the pentose phosphate pathway.
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PMID:Biochemical microanalysis of glycogen content and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity in focal lesions of the rat liver induced by N-nitrosomorpholine. 669 43

Wistar rats treated with lead nitrate were used in these experiments to provide evidence of the possible correlation between hyperplasia, induced cholesterol synthesis and the levels of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) in the liver. Lead treatment increases liver weight, hepatic cholesterol esters and the relative content of free cholesterol. An increase of the incorporation of tritiated water in free and cholesterol esters was also observed. The effect of lead resulted in an increase of hepatic G-6-PD at all times considered. The correlation between these parameters and hyperplasia are discussed.
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PMID:Hepatic cholesterol in lead nitrate induced liver hyperplasia. 671 95

Two groups of rat pups were gastrostomized at 24 hours of age and formula-fed each hour or once every 6 hours a daily intake equal to 33% of their body weight. They were killed at age 5 to 7 days when body weight had reached twice that at time of gastrostomy; organ weights, body composition and hepatic activity of glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) and alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (alpha-GPD) were determined. The stomach, small intestine, liver and spleen of pups fed 4 times each day were significantly larger than those of pups fed hourly. Food efficiency (gain/kcal) of pups fed each hour was significantly greater than that of pups fed every 6 hours; however, because pups fed each hour gained more water and less fat, an estimate of the percentage of energy intake utilized for growth was significantly less for these animals than for those fed every 6 hours. Concentration of calcium was greater and concentration of sodium was less in the carcasses of pups fed each hour than in the carcasses of pups fed 4 times daily. Total liver activities of G-6-PD and alpha-GPD were significantly less in pups fed each hour but the activity of these enzymes expressed per milligram of liver protein did not differ significantly between the two feeding groups.
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PMID:Effect of feeding frequency on growth and body composition of gastrostomized rat pups. 677 71

The thyroid status of severely iodine-deficient rats was assessed by measurement of the resting metabolic rate (RMR) and liver mitochondrial alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (alpha-GPD). Rats maintained on the iodine-deficient diet for 2 or 3 months showed significantly reduced RMR and alpha-GPD, compared to rats on the same diet supplemented with KI in the drinking water. They also displayed markedly reduced serum T4 levels, slightly reduced serum T3 levels, and highly elevated serum TSH levels. A significant decrease in liver alpha-GPD was observed 29 days after the rats were placed in iodine-deficient diet. However, the decrease in RMR in the same animals was not statistically significant. These results suggest that measurement of liver alpha-GPD may be a more sensitive index of impending hypothyroidism than measurement of O2 consumption. The present study demonstrates that a hypothyroid state can be induced in rats exposed to a severely iodine-deficient diet. In severe iodine deficiency, the compensatory mechanisms of increased TSH stimulation and preferential T3 secretion from the thyroid are insufficient to prevent a fall in serum T3. The hypothyroid state results from the inability to maintain a normal serum T3 level and possibly also from the very low levels of serum T4.
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PMID:Hypothyroidism in severely iodine-deficient rats. 678 39

Recently, it has been reported that paromomycin sulfate has marked anthelmintic efficacy against tapeworm infections in man. In the present study this drug was used in the treatment of 14 cases of diphyllobothriasis latum and 1 case of taeniasis saginata. Also, the actions of paromomycin sulfate on Diphyllobothrium ditremum and D. erinacei were examined pharmacologically using Magnus apparatus and biochemical methods. The results obtained were as follows. For the treatment, a total of 50 mg/kg of paromomycin sulfate divided into 2 doses was given orally at intervals of 30 minutes. Two hours after medication, 20 g of magnesium sulfate dissolved in 200--300 ml of water was given as purgative. One or 2 worms were found in the stools of 11 cases with D. latum and 1 case with T. saginata within 24 hours after medication, but scolex was found in only 2 of them. All cases were negative for the eggs or segments in stool examinations at 1 and 3 months after treatment. Except 1 case complained mild and transient vomiting no side effects were noticed. All cases showed no abnormality in blood examination, liver function test and urinalysis. Both of the proglottids of D. ditremum and D. erinacei showed muscle relaxation in Tyrode solution containing 10(-4) g/ml of paromomycin sulfate. In D. ditremum the recovery of muscle tonus was observed within 10--15 minutes after affection of this drug, while the persistence of muscle relaxation was seen in D. erinacei. The activity of phosphoglucose isomerase was slightly inhibited by 10(-3) M paromomycin sulfate while those of hexokinase, phosphofructokinase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase were not inhibited. In phosphoenolpyruvate-succinate pathway, the activity of fumarate reductase was slightly inhibited 10(-3) M paromomycin sulfate while those of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and malate dehydrogenase were not inhibited.
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PMID:[Efficacy of paromomycin sulfate against human cestodiasis and its pharmacological action on tapeworm in vitro]. 687 66

To assess the relative safety of chronically administered chlorine water disinfectants in man, a controlled study was undertaken. The clinical evaluation was conducted in the three phases common to investigational drug studies. Phase I, a rising dose tolerance investigation, examined the acute effects of progressively increasing single doses of chlorine disinfectants to normal healthy adult male volunteers. Phase II considered the impact on normal subjects of daily ingestion of the disinfectants at a concentration of 5 mg/l. for twelve consecutive weeks. Persons with a low level of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase may be expected to be especially susceptible to oxidative stress; therefore, in Phase III, chlorite at a concentration of 5 mg/l. was administered daily for twelve consecutive weeks to a small group of potentially at-risk glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase-deficient subjects. Physiological impact was assessed by evaluation of a battery of qualitative and quantitative tests. The three phases of this controlled double-blind clinical evaluation of chlorine dioxide and its potential metabolites in human male volunteer subjects were completed uneventfully. There were no obvious undesirable clinical sequellae noted by any of the participating subjects or by the observing medical team. In several cases, statistically significant trends in certain biochemical or physiological parameters were associated with treatment; however, none of these trends was judged to have physiological consequence. One cannot rule out the possibility that, over a longer treatment period, these trends might indeed achieve proportions of clinical importance. However, by the absence of detrimental physiological responses within the limits of the study, the relative safety of oral ingestion of chlorine dioxide and its metabolites, chlorite and chlorate, was demonstrated.
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PMID:Controlled clinical evaluations of chlorine dioxide, chlorite and chlorate in man. 696 Oct 33

To characterize the vitamin E-responsive anemia occurring in owl monkeys (Aotus trivirgatus), osmotic fragility, and H2O2-induced and time-dependent hemolysis, as well as RBC lipid peroxidation, were compared in anemic and nonanemic owl monkeys. Whereas vitamin E serves as a lipid-soluble antioxidant, the glutathione peroxidase system functions in the water-soluble phase of the cell. Thus, activity of glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, as well as reduced glutathione concentrations in owl monkeys' RBC, were compared with those of rhesus macaques and cebus and squirrel monkeys fed the same diet and maintained under the same management scheme. Osmotic fragility did not differ between anemic and nonanemic owl monkeys. The H2O2-induced and time-dependent hemolysis was approximately 10-fold greater among anemia owl monkeys than among their nonanemic counterparts, and lipid peroxidation values tended to be higher in the anemic monkeys. Owl monkeys, as a species and independent of anemia, exhibited higher RBC peroxidation than did 2 other New World species, cebus and squirrel monkeys. The glutathione peroxidase system was not depressed in owl monkey RBC. The only observed difference in this system was in the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity, which was 3- to 6-fold higher in the owl monkey than in the other species, indicating an increased activity of the peroxidase system. Thus, a defect in the glutathione peroxidase system could not be identified.
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PMID:Erythrocyte characteristics in vitamin E-responsive anemia of the owl monkey (Aotus trivirgatus). 710 34

The livers of rats treated for 12 weeks with N-nitrosomorpholine (80 mg/1 drinking water) were investigated on the day of carcinogen withdrawal (12 + 0 weeks) and 8 weeks after cessation of treatment (12 + 8 weeks). The glycogen content in relation to the DNA and protein content of the liver and the activities of glycogen synthetase, glycogen phosphorylase, glucose-6-phosphatase, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase were determined in the liver homogenates. The glycogen content of the livers was slightly elevated at both times investigated. Phosphorylase and synthetase activities showed no clear alterations in livers of treated animals as compared with controls. Glucose-6-phosphatase activity was significantly reduced at 12 + 0 weeks and returned to normal values at 12 + 8 weeks. The activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase was unchanged at 12 + 0 weeks, but exhibited a significant increase at 12 + 8 weeks. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with staining of the gels by an assay specific for the glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase-catalysed reaction revealed the same pattern of active bands in treated and untreated animals but with higher activities in two bands originating from extracts of nitrosomorpholine-treated livers.
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PMID:Biochemical correlation of glycogen content and activity of some enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism in rat liver during early stages of carcinogenesis. 713 Feb 54


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