Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:1.1.1.49 (glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase)
 7,794 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Activities of lactate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, transketolase and creatine phosphokinase were studied in tissue of aneurysm and in extrainfarctional part of rat heart muscle after experimental infarction. Activity of total LDH, content of its anode isoenzymes and creatine phosphokinase activity were decreased. Enzymes of pentose phosphate pathway were activated and amount of cathode LDH isoenzymes was increased. The most distinct and apparently irreversible alterations in the enzymatic activity were observed in the aneurysm tissues.
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PMID:[Enzyme activity in post-infarct aneurysm and in the myocardial zone outside the infarct in experimental infarct in rats]. 66 66

1. Measurements have been made of the activities of enzymes of the glycolytic route, the pentose phosphate pathway, the tricarboxylic acid cycle and lipogenesis in liver and adipose tissue from genetically obese (fa/fa) rats and their lean litter mates (fa/ --). The effect of food restriction for a period of three weeks on the enzyme profile of liver and adipose tissue of the obese rat was also studied. 2. The most striking increases in enzyme activity in livers from obese rats were: (a) among enzymes of lipogenesis; ATP-citrate lyase, acetyl-CoA carboxylase, fatty acid synthetase, malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) and cytoplasmic glycerolphosphate dehydrogenase; (b) within the pentose phosphate pathway; glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase; (c) within the glycolytic pathway; glucokinase, pyruvate kinase and lactate dehydrogenase. All of these enzymes showed a significant increase in activity on the basis of U/g liver and U/mg DNA. In adipose tissue all the enzymes of lipogenesis, of the glycolytic route, of the oxidative segment of the pentose phosphate pathway and of the tricarboxylic acid cycle were increased when expressed as U/2 fat pads or as U/mg DNA. 3. The restriction of the food intake of obese rats to that consumed by their lean litter mates for periods of three weeks did not produce the expected adaptive decrease in enzymes of lipogenesis; in adipose tissue, only ATP-citrate lyase and malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) showed a marked decrease; no significant change was found in adipose tissue or liver of the activities of acetyl-CoA carboxylase and fatty acid synthetase, when expressed on a cell basis (U/mg DNA). The non-oxidative enzymes of the pentose phosphate pathway and enzymes involved in glycerogenesis (pyruvate carboxylase, malate dehydrogenase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase) all increased in adipose tissue from limit-fed obese rats. 4. The rate of conversion of specifically labelled glucose to (14C)O2 and 14C-labelled lipid by pieces of adipose tissue and by liver slices was also measured. Insulin caused an increase in the conversion of (1-14C)glucose to (14C)O2 and 14C-labelled lipid in obese rats fed ad libitum, limit-fed rats and in their lean litter mates. 5. The results are discussed in relation to the raised insulin and hypothyroid state of the obese rat. The effect of this altered hormonal status on the activity of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases and cellular levels of adenosine 3' :5'-monophosphate and guanosine 3' :5'-monophosphate and guanosine 3' :5'-monophosphate in relation to the obese syndrome is considered.
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PMID:Adaptive responses of enzymes of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism to dietary alteration in genetically obese Zucker rats (fa/fa). 71 Mar 95

When islets from mice were incubated with 16.7 mM-glucose, previous starvation for 48 h decreased the rate of insulin release by approx. 50% and glucose utilization was decreased by approx. 35%. The maximally extractable activity of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase was diminished by 28% after starvation. The formation of 14CO2 from both [1-14C]glucose was, however, higher than the rate of oxidation of [6-14C]-glucose in islets from both fed and starved mice. The fraction of glucose utilized that was oxidized (specific 14CO2 yield) ranged from one-fifth to one-third and was higher in islets from starved mice with both [1-14C]glucose and [6-14C]glucose as substrate. The contribution of pentose-cycle oxidation to total glucose metabolism was small (3% in the fed state and 4% in the starved state). The absolute rates of glucose carbon metabolism via the pentose-cycle oxidation to total glucose metabolism was small (3% in the fed state and 4% in the starved state). The absolute rates of glucose carbon metabolism via the pentose cycle and the turnover of NADPH in this pathway were identical in islets from fed and starved animals. After incubation at 16.7 mM-glucose for 30 min the contents of glucose (6-phosphate and 6-phosphogluconate were both unchanged by starvation. It is concluded that there is no correlation between the decreased sensitivity of the insulin secretory mechanism during starvation and the metabolism of glucose via the pentose cycle, the islet content of glucose 6-phosphate or 6-phosphogluconate.
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PMID:The pentose cycle and insulin release in isolated mouse pancreatic islets during starvation. 77 71

Adult ureter epithelium of the golden hamster is found to be multilayered but not stratified. All epithelial cells are in contact with the basement membrane and thereby get into close vicinity to the underlying dense capillary network of the lamina propria. By this diffusion distances for nutritial fluids are kept very short. As can be seen from high glycoproteid and glycolipid content as well as high SDH, G6PDH and LDH activities, superficial cells are higher differentiated than intermediate and basal cells where enzyme activities and concentrations of glycoproteids and glycolipids are always found to be lower. From low RNA-concentrations in all layers of ureter epithelium, high G6PDH activity and glycolipid content, it is concluded that pentose-phosphate cycle primarily functions as donator of reduced NADP for lipid synthesis. Dual presence of SDH and LDH activities in ureter epithelium is seen in hypothetical connection with periods of changing oxygen supply caused by ureter peristalsis. Small amounts of glycogen are metabolically rather inactive as revealed by low or absent phosphorylase and UDPGGT activities.
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PMID:Histochemistry of the metanephros in the golden hamster. II. The adult ureter. 81 12

Wounds have been inflicted in the skin of guinea-pigs. Measurements were made on the basal cells 39-54 h later, at different times of the day. It has been shown that there can be two peaks of mitosis, one about mid-day and the other about 22 h. Synthesis of DNA, measured by Feulgen microdensitometry, preceded mitotic activity. Marked changes were found in glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity, measured by quantitative cytochemistry and microdensitometry. The greatest activity preceded DNA-synthesis, indicating that pentose-shunt metabolic activity is involved in biosynthetic processes required for cell proliferation.
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PMID:Temporal relationship between glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity and DNA-synthesis. 83 10

Activities corresponding to the enzymes glucokinase, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, pyridine nucleotide independent malate dehydrogenase, and glutamate dehydrogenase were found in cell free extracts from Neisseria elongata subsp. gkcolytica. Activities corresponding to 6-phosphogluconate dehydrase and 2-keto-3-deoxy-6-phosphogluconate aldolase were not found. Glucose was catabolized only vira the pentose phosphate pathway. The radiorespirometric findings suggest an extensive recycling of the triose and fructose phosphates. There was no evidence for formation of pyruvate from glucose. Glutamate was oxidized via the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Pyruvate and acetate were obviously catabolized by the glyoxylic and tricarboxylic acid cycles, as in N. elongata.
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PMID:The catabolism of glucose, glutamate pyruvate and acetate in Neisseria elongata subsp. glycolytica. 85 8

Setaria cervi, the filarial parasite inhabiting the Indian water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis Linn.) contained almost all the enzymes involved in glycogen degradation. Significant activities of glycogen phosphorylase, glucokinase, phosphoglucomutase, phosphoglucose isomerase, phosphofructokinase, FDP-aldolase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, phosphopyruvate hydratase, pyruvate kinase, lactate dehydrogenase glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase were detected in cell-free extracts of whole worms. The presence of PEP-carboxykinase, malate dehydrogenase, fumarase and fumarate reductase revealed the functioning of the PEP-succinate pathway in addition to phosphorylating glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathway in the parasite. Excepting fumarate reductase all other enzymes were localized in the particulate-free cytosol fraction, although small amounts of glycogen phosphorylase, aldolase and lactate dehydrogenase were also detected in the mitochondrial fraction.
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PMID:Setaria cervi: enzymes of glycolysis and PEP-succinate pathway. 86 May 72

Under conditions of experimental myocardium infarction caused in dogs by ligation of the anterior descending branch of the left coronary artery, the activity of alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase and succinate dehydrogenase in mitochondria of the cortex, cerebellum and medulla ablongata lowers most intensively on the first and fifth day after the appearance of acute myocardium infarction. Activation of the most important enzymes of the pentose-phosphate cycle (glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and transketolase) which is clearly pronounced on the fifth day is observed in the mentioned sections. In the authors' opinions the above changes in the activity of the enzymes are due to the brain hypoxia which may be the main reason of disturbance in the function of the central nervous system under this disease.
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PMID:[Activity of enzymes of tricarboxylic and pentose-phosphate cycles in dog brain with myocardial infarction]. 88 27

The lactate and pyruvate levels, as well as acid and alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glutaminic acid-oxalacetic acid transaminase and aldolase levels of rat liver homogenizates were measured at 24 degrees C and 38 degrees C during 120 min ischaemia from 0 to the 120th min. With the exception of transaminase and aldolase, the other enzymes were also enzyme-histochemically studied. The early lesions of the liver can be detected, both the quantitative laboratory tests and enzyme histochemical studies. The deviations from normal, observed at 24 degrees C between the 60th and 100th min, and at 38 degrees C between the 30th and 60th min, might be signs of irreversible lesions. Fractionated study of the liver homogenizate improves the assessability of enzyme determinations. In the course of "warm" ischaemia, the liver lysosomal lesions are early symptoms. Parallel to the breakdown of aerobic glycolysis lactic acid, fermentation, and an active pentose phosphate cycle can be detected. Quantitative testing of the liver homogenizate and enzyme histochemical observation of the hepatic tissue, might be a suitable method for the assessment of ischaemic liver lesions.
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PMID:Effect of ischaemia on the enzyme activity of the hepatic tissue. 89 61

Suppression of delta5-3beta-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase (delta5-3beta-OHD) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-P-D) activities along with concomitant stimulation of succinic dehydrogenase (SDH) activity were observed in the rat testicular tissues following treatment with oxythiamine HC1, an inhibitor of pentose phosphate pathway. The same treatment also resulted in an accumulation of cholesterol and ascorbic acid in the gland associated with a decrease in the weights of seminal vesicle and prostate. The results suggest a diminution in testicular steroid biogenesis following an alteration of pentose phosphate pathway.
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PMID:Pentose phosphate pathway and testicular steroidogenesis in rats following oxythiamine treatment. 91 42


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