Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:1.1.1.49 (glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase)
7,794 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Activities of lactate dehydrogenase /LDH/, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase /G6PD/, transaminases, alkaline phosphatase as well as content of lactic acid were studied in enterolysed parts of gastric mucose and in normal mucose. The LDH activity and content of lactic acid were decreased in the enterolysed mucose. As compared with normal mucose the activity of G6PD was increased 3-fold, activities of alkaline phosphatase and of glutamine-alanine transaminases were increased 1.5-2-fold in the mucose regions with metaplasia. In vitro glycocholic acid and products of duodenal secretion inhibited distinctly G6PD and LDH within 10 min of incubation; maximal activity of G6PD was observed within 20 min, after addition of cholic acid the enzyme was completely inactivated within 30 min. Under these conditions the activity of alkaline phosphatase was decreased within 10 min and returned up to the initial level within the subsequent periods.
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PMID:[Enzymatic activity in the enterolysed portions of the human gastric mucosa in peptic ulcer and the effect of bile]. 51 30

Enzyme histochemical techniques were applied to frozen sheep uteri from different stages of the oestrous cycle. The localization and activities of succinate, lactate, glucose-6-phosphate, and isocitrate (NADP+) dehydrogenases and acid and alkaline phosphatases were studied in the luminal and glandular epithelia, caruncle and myometrium. Enzyme activity in the sections was scored on a scale of 0--5. In general the enzyme activity in the uterine caruncles and epithelia was higher than in the myometrium. The myometrium did not show any alkaline phosphatase activity and isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity was negligible. The low activities of acid phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase and the moderate levels of glucose-6-phosphate and succinate dehydrogenases in the myometrium were constant. The caruncular tissue showed high levels of phosphatases and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, moderate levels of lactate and succinate dehydrogenases, and low levels of isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP+) throughout the oestrous cycle. Much lower phosphatase and isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP+) levels were found in the epithelium of deep glands compared with superficial glands. The high activity of acid and alkaline phosphatases in the luminal epithelium and the superficial glands was constant from mid-cycle to ovulation, but a significant decrease was observed immediately after ovulation. The level of dehydrogenases in epithelia was generally high and did not change during the oestrous cycle.
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PMID:Enzyme histochemistry of the sheep uterus during the oestrous cycle. 54 17

The mode of action of the follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) on ovarian follicle growth was studied in hypophysectomized rats using the histologic, autoradiographic and histochemical techniques. The follicle growth was stimulated by the administration of both FSH and estrogen. The histologic finding of the follicle growth induced by the two hormones was different. Namely, after the administration of FSH, the theca layer was thick, but after the administration of estrogen, it was thin. 3H-thymidine and 3H-leucine were used to investigate cell division in a growing follicle. The uptake of 3H-thymidine and 3H-leucine by the theca layer was enhanced remarkably by FSH. On the other hand, the uptake of 3H-thymidine by the granulosa layer was enhanced by FSH or estrogen, while the grain count of granulosa cells was increased only by the administration of estrogen. Moreover, the administration of FSH resulted in an increase of the enzyme activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD), DELTA5-3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3beta-HSD) and alkaline phosphatase (ALPase) in the theca layer. Furthermore, the administration of FSH caused an increase in the serum estradiol and estriol of rats, whereas the administration of estrogen did not. It seems possible, therefore, that FSH stimulated proliferation of theca cells and produced estrogen. The results suggest that the estrogen produced by the theca cells might stimulate proliferation of granulosa cells; consequently, follicle growth might be induced.
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PMID:[The mechanism of follicle growth. II. The mode of action of the follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) on follicle growth (author's transl)]. 59 May 82

Fifty growing male (castrated) lambs were exposed to hexachlorobenzene in the diet at levels of 0, 0.01, 0.1 and 1.0 ppm for 90 days. They were then moved to clean quarters and the study continued for an additional 210 days. Growth rates, certain plasma enzyme activities and hepatic microsomal enzyme activities were studied to detect subclinical effects related to the exposure. A 19-day acute exposure at 100 ppm was done and the same parameters except for growth rate, measured. Hematocrit and plasma protein concentrations were also monitored. No significant changes were seen in the growth rates (90 days exposure), in the plasma enzymes alkaline phosphatase, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase or succinic dehydrogenase, or in the hematocrit or plasma protein concentrations after either the 90-day or 19-day exposures. However, in vivo metabolism of antipyrine was increased in both the 1.0 ppm (90-day) and the 100 ppm (19-day), but was significantly increased (p less than 0.01) in only the 100-ppm exposure. Additionally, hepatic microsomal N-demethylase was increased significantly by the 90-day exposure at 1.0 ppm and the 19-day exposure at 100 ppm, but the hepatic microsomal O-demethylase was significantly increased only after the 1.0-ppm exposure. Histopathologic examination of tissues (brain, lung, myocardium, large and small intestines, liver, kidneys, adrenals, mesenteric lymph nodes) collected from animals sacrificed at 90 days and at the termination of the study (300 days) revealed no lesions suggestive of harmful HCB exposure.
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PMID:Hexachlorobenzene II. Effects on growing lambs of prolonged low-level oral exposure to hexachlorobenzene (HCB). 73 Nov 87

A histochemical evaluation of hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (OH-SDH) activity in porcine granulosa cells isolated from preovulatory ovarian follicles and cultured in cell culture is presented. Granulosa cells during in vitro culture showed activity of enzymes participating in steroid biosynthesis. High activity of delta-5,3beta OH-SDH and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase as well as the activity of alkaline phosphatase, appearing in the course of culture, could be evidence of progressive luteinization of the cells. 17beta OH-SDH activity was lower and exhibited strong fluctuations. 20alpha OH-SDH was similarly low. Gonadotropic hormones caused the increase of synthesis and accumulation of intracellular lipids, and stimulated alkaline and acid phosphatase and dehydrogenase activity. Luteinizing hormone had the most visible effect.
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PMID:Enzyme histochemistry of cultured ovarian cells. I. Histochemistry of porcine preovulatory granulosa cells in culture. 82 9

50 guinea pigs were allergized three times in 3 days intervals by subcutaneous injection of 25% solution of egg-white in physiological saline in a dose of 0-1 ml/100 g of body weight. On the 21 day after the last injection the animals were exposed to aerosol of antigen of egg-white. 11 animals died in acute anaphylactic shock. The control group consisted of 12 guinea pigs which received subcutaneously a solution of physiological sodium chloride of the same dosis--0-1 ml/100 g of body weight and were also exposed to the allergen, together with the experimental group. The removed parathyroids together with the thyroid gland were studied with histologic and cytoenzymatic methods. The activity of alkaline and acid phosphomonoesterase, nonspecific AS-naphtol acetate esterase, succinic (SDH), lactic (LDH) and D-L-alfaglicerophosphate dehydrogenase (alpha-GPD) were tested. No morphological changes in the parathyroids of guinea pigs in anaphylactic shock were found. Instead a decrease of the enzymatic activity of dehydrogenases was found, what might be connected with the decrease of metabolic activity of the cells. The decrease of alkaline phosphatase activity in the endothelial cells of the capillaries was another finding. It is likely that in an acute anaphylactic shock in guinea pigs only functional changes develop which have not counterparts in histology visible under the light microscope.
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PMID:Cytoenzymatic investigations of parathyroid glands in acute anaphylactic shock of guinea pig. 86 38

The lactate and pyruvate levels, as well as acid and alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glutaminic acid-oxalacetic acid transaminase and aldolase levels of rat liver homogenizates were measured at 24 degrees C and 38 degrees C during 120 min ischaemia from 0 to the 120th min. With the exception of transaminase and aldolase, the other enzymes were also enzyme-histochemically studied. The early lesions of the liver can be detected, both the quantitative laboratory tests and enzyme histochemical studies. The deviations from normal, observed at 24 degrees C between the 60th and 100th min, and at 38 degrees C between the 30th and 60th min, might be signs of irreversible lesions. Fractionated study of the liver homogenizate improves the assessability of enzyme determinations. In the course of "warm" ischaemia, the liver lysosomal lesions are early symptoms. Parallel to the breakdown of aerobic glycolysis lactic acid, fermentation, and an active pentose phosphate cycle can be detected. Quantitative testing of the liver homogenizate and enzyme histochemical observation of the hepatic tissue, might be a suitable method for the assessment of ischaemic liver lesions.
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PMID:Effect of ischaemia on the enzyme activity of the hepatic tissue. 89 61

Blood samples from 109 Siriono (Eastern Bolivia) belonging to the Tupi-Guarani group were investigated for enzyme variants in the following systems: glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, adenylate kinase, phospho-glucomutase (locus 1 and 2), acid phosphatases, lactate dehydrogenase, NADH diaphorase, pseudocholinesterase (E1 and E2 locus), and serum alkaline phosphatase. The most relevant observations are: (1) A relative lack of polymorphism, a characteristic feature of the Amerindian populations studied up to now. These data are consistent with the hypothesis of a 'common ancestral background' in Indian populations whatever the degree of sociocultural and linguistic diversity, and the geographical distances. (2) Specific traits due to the frequency of alleles in some systems confer to that tribe a particular position among Amerindians. The effects of genetic drift may be postulated in order to explain the high rate of PGM and 6PGD polymorphism. Furthermore, in that small community, the disappearance of some alleles (pa gene) can plausibly be explained in terms of a balanced influence of mutational and selective pressure.
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PMID:Serum and red cell enzyme variants in an Amerindian tribe: the Sirionos (Eastern Bolivia). 97 93

Rats and hamsters were fed ETU at levels of 0, 5, 17, 60, 200 mg/kg in the diet. Body weights, food consumption, seric enzyme activities (GPT, alkaline phosphatase), hepatic enzyme activities (GPT, alkaline phosphatase G6PDH), cholesterolemia, thyroid weight and others organs, histology were the criteria studied. ETU was found causing hypercholesterolemia for the 2 species at 5 mg/kg dietary levels. Thyroid impairement is predominant in rat and hepatic impairment is predominant in hamster. ETU was found to be not carcinogenic for hamsters even at 200 mg/kg level and carcinogenic for rats at 60 mg/kg level for males and 200 mg/kg level for females.
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PMID:[Difference in the sensitivity of the hamster and the rat to the effects of long-term administration of ethylenethiourea]. 100 99

The adsorption of 8 enzymes to polyaminomethylstyrene was studied. While lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase exhibit a relatively low affinity to the carrier, alcohol dehydrogenase, glutamate dehydrogenase and urease were found to form stabile complexes with the polymer that are enzymatically active. Adsorbed urease and beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, are still active after several weeks; the other preparations lose their activity soon. It can be shown by the example of yeast alcohol dehydrogenase that the activity loss following adsorption is caused possibly by a process of reorientation of already bound enzyme molecules or by the increasing enzyme coverage of the carrier, with the active centres becoming more and more inaccessible for the substrate. During the substrate conversion catalysed by the alcohol dehydrogenase-polyaminomethylstyrene complex, a small amount of the enzyme is again detached from the carrier. The activity rises to a certain extent in the supernatant but drops to zero again. The stability of the adsorbed urease is distinctly increased compared with the dissolved enzyme. For the pH optimum and the KM value there are no differences between the two preparations. Continuous application of polyaminomethylstyrene-bound beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase and urease, respectively, in a column shows that both preparations have unchanged enzymatic activities even after running times of 5 and 24 days, respectively.
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PMID:[Kinetic properties of enzymes in particular of yeast alcohol dehydrogenase following their adsorption on polyaminomethylstyrene]. 102 29


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