Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:1.1.1.49 (glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase)
 7,794 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The activity of the glycolytic enzymes and of the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH) were compared with the content of noradrenaline in rat myocardium and the liver after the intraperitoneal injection of high doses of noradrenaline. It was shown that 24 hours after int noradrenaline injection which caused exhaustion of endogenous catecholamine supply, the lactate content and the activities of lactic dehydrogenase were increased in the myocardium; the activity of hexokinase and G-6-PDH in rat myocardium and the liver were also increased, whereas the glucokinase activity was decreased. In these experiments alterations of the enzyme activities were shown to be similar to the alterations in the dystrophic tissues in which the catecholamine content was sharply decreased. The role of the sympathetic nervous system and its mediators in the mechanism of the enzyme regulation of the energy metabolism in the myocardium and the liver is discussed.
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PMID:[Activity of energy metabolism related enzymes in the myocardium and liver following administration of large doses of noradrenaline]. 17 88

Experiments were conducted to determine the effects of exercise on rat glutathione peroxidase system enzymes and lipid peroxidation among animals supplemented and unsupplemented with selenium (Se) and vitamin E (E). Liver, muscle and blood were taken before, immediately after and 24 hours after exercising to exhaustion by swimming. No effect of exercise was found on muscle or liver enzymes, although exercise resulted in depressed glutathione reductase (GR) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activities in erythrocytes immediately after exercise. Dietary Se supplementation did result in increased hepatic muscle and erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase activity, and decreased hepatic GR, G6PD and "malic enzyme" activities. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, and indicator of lipid peroxidation, increased in liver and muscle subsequent to exercise. This increase was reduced in liver, but not eliminated, by dietary E supplementation. The increase was not affected by dietary E in muscle, nor by dietary Se in either tissue.
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PMID:Selenium, vitamin E and the response to swimming stress in the rat. 44 49

Administration of toxic doses of noradrenaline into rats led to exhaustion of noradrenaline reserves in liver and heart tissues with the simultaneous increase in the activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in the tissues. Actinomycin D, administered together with noradrenaline, completely prevented the elevation of the G6PD activity in the tissues studied. The data obtained suggest that sympathetic nervous system and its mediator are responsible for regulation of the rate of enzymatic protein synthesis in tissues.
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PMID:[Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in rat liver and myocardium following toxic doses of noradrenaline]. 88

The responses of hepatic and adipose tissue malic enzyme (ME), citrate cleavage enzyme (CCE), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), and glyceride synthetase (GS) to exercise training and exhaustive exercies and the potential of a high fat or high carbohydrate diet to modify these responses were studied in male Carworth rats. Characteristic elevation and depression of ME, CCE, and G6PD were decreased in skeletal muscle, liver, and adipose tissues of high carbohydrate-fed rats. A significant two-way diet-training interaction was indicated for hepatic ME and G6PD. This interaction resulted from an apparent training modulation of ME and C6PD responses to the high fat and high carbohydrate diets. Adipose tissue G6PD was significantly decreased by training. Exhaustive exercise performed immediately prior to sacrifice did not significantly alter ME or CCE activities in either liver or adipose tissues, but decreased adipose tissue G6PD in untrained rats. Exhaustion was also associated with decreased GS activity in muscle and liver. Physical training was associated with a significant increase in GS in muscle and adipose tissues. In contrast to glyceride synthesis, no increase in adipose tissue lipogenic potential was noted in response to training, indicating that the physically trianed rat may have an enhanced ability to store but not synthesize fatty acids.
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PMID:Lipogenesis and glyceride synthesis in the rat: response to diet and exercise. 111 99

The aim of this study was to determine the changes of the basic parameters of the erythrocyte system and the activity of some red blood cell (RBC) enzymes prior to and after a single physical effort leading to exhaustion. The study was carried out on male Wistar rats subjected to running on an electric rotating drum at a speed of 25 m/min. A single exercise caused a decrease in the RBC count, haemoglobin concentration (Hb) and haematocrit (Hct) by 21.9, 16.7 and 16.1%, respectively, and an increase in the reticulocyte count (Ret) by 661.5%. The exercise triggered also changes in the activities of some erythrocytic enzymes: pyruvate kinase (PK) activity increased by 12.4%, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) by 37.8%, glutathione reductase (GR) by 30.8% and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) by 248.7%. These increases in the activities of RBC enzymes can be explained by an increase in the red cells turn-over.
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PMID:Metabolism of red blood cells after short-term exercise in rats. 248 9

Batch cultures of Aspergillus niger grown from conidia on a medium with high C/N ratio accumulated gluconate from glucose with a yield of 57%. During almost the whole time of accumulation there was no net synthesis of total protein in the mycelium but the activity per flask and the specific activity of glucose oxidase (EC 1.1.3.4) in mycelial extracts increased whereas both values decreased for glucose dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.99.10) 'gluconate 6-phosphatase' (cf. EC 3.1.3.1, 3.1.3.2), gluconokinase (EC 2.7.1.12), glucose 6-phosphate and phosphogluconate dehydrogenases (EC 1.1.1.49, EC 1.1.1.44), phosphoglucomutase (EC 2.7.5.1), and most enzymes of the Embden-Meyerhof pathway and the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Gluconate dehydratase (EC 4.2.1.39), gluconate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.99.3) and enzymes of the Entner-Doudoroff pathway could not be detected. By cycloheximide the increase of glucose oxidase activity was inhibited. It is concluded that the high yield of gluconate was due mainly to the net (de novo) synthesis of glucose oxidase which occurred during protein turnover after the exhaustion of the nitrogen source, and which was not accompanied by a net synthesis of the other enzymes investigated. Some gluconate may also have been formed by hydrolytic cleavage of gluconate 6-phosphate.
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PMID:Gluconate accumulation and enzyme activities with extremely nitrogen-limited surface cultures of Aspergillus niger. 301 15

Triphasic changes in glycogen content and activities of four enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism (glucose-6-phosphatase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, hexokinase, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase) were studied in the liver of male Wistar rats exposed to 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 45, 60, 70 and 90-day movement restrain in pencil cases. It was assumed that these three phases corresponded to the alarm, resistance and exhaustion stages of Selye's general adaptation syndrome. In hypokinetic rats, however, a transition of the alarm reaction to the resistance stage was registered later, and hepatic glycogen accumulation was reduced in comparison with the standard pattern observed in chronic stress.
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PMID:Effect of prolonged restraint on glycogen content and activities of four enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism in the liver of rats. 301 79

Red blood cells (RBC) from favic patients are characterized by (a) severe oxidative damage (contributed by autoxidation of divicine and isouramil, two pyrimidine aglycones present in fava beans) and (b) greatly increased calcium levels. In vitro, both autoxidation of divicine and calcium loading produced marked alterations of proteolytic systems in intact RBC. Specifically, autoxidizing divicine inactivated procalpain, the proenzyme species of calcium-activated cytosolic neutral proteinase, or calpain. Inactivation was much greater with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)-deficient RBC than with normal RBC. On the other hand, loading of normal and G6PD-deficient RBC with calcium resulted in conversion of procalpain to calpain and eventual autoproteolytic inactivation of calpain itself, and extensive release of acid endopeptidase activity from the membranes into the cytosol. Damaged RBC from favic patients had significantly lowered procalpain activity and an abnormal subcellular distribution of acid proteinase activity that was found mostly in the cytosol. When purified calpain was incubated with membranes from acetylphenylhydrazine (APH)-treated RBC, significant proteolysis was observed affecting mostly band 3 and hemoglobin chains, ie, the two proteins involved in the onset of aggregation of Heinz bodies. Moreover, exposure of intact RBC to 20 mmol/L APH induced depletion of procalpain activity for which the time course was inversely related to formation of Heinz bodies. These findings support the role of procalpain in protecting G6PD-deficient RBC from oxidant-induced Heinz body formation and imply that exhaustion of the procalpain-calpain system is an important step in the mechanisms of RBC damage and destruction in favism.
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PMID:Favism: impairment of proteolytic systems in red blood cells. 303 53

The effects of an acute bout of prolonged exhaustive exercise on the activities of hepatic lipogenic enzymes have been investigated. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: fasted for 48 h without refeeding (FA) and fasted for 48 h and refed a diet high in fructose (RF) or in cornstarch (RC). One-half of each group of rats exercised on a treadmill at 20 m/min, 5% grade, until exhaustion and the other half rested for the same amount of time without food. Dietary intakes during refeeding were kept equal between the exercised and rested control animals. Activities of all hepatic lipogenic enzymes measured, i.e., fatty acid synthase (FAS), L-type pyruvate kinase (L-PK), ATP citrate lyase, malic enzyme, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, were induced dramatically by fasting-refeeding and were significantly higher in the RF than in the RC rats (P < 0.05). FAS activity was increased 19- and 39-fold, respectively, in the RC and RF rats compared with the FA rats. Exercise decreased FAS activity to approximately one-third of the resting control value in both RC and RF rats (P < 0.05) but not in FA rats. L-PK activity was elevated by 55% in RC and 100% in RF rats compared with FA rats (P < 0.05). FA and RF rats also showed a reduction of L-PK activity with exercise. No significant alteration of other lipogenic enzymes was observed after exercise.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Effects of acute exercise on hepatic lipogenic enzymes in fasted and refed rats. 856 31

The influences of food deprivation and refeeding on glutathione (GSH) status, antioxidant enzyme activity and lipid peroxidation in response to an acute bout of exercise were investigated in the liver and skeletal muscles of male Sprague-Dawley rats randomly divided into three groups: starved for 48 h without refeeding; starved for 48 h and refed for 24 or 48 h. Half of each group of rats was exercised on a treadmill until exhaustion and killed immediately, whereas the other half group was killed at rest. Food-deprived rats had significantly lower liver GSH concentration and GSH:glutathione disulfide (GSSG) ratio. Malondialdehyde concentrations in the liver and skeletal muscle were both higher in the starved than in the refed rats (P < 0.05). Refed rats had significantly greater liver GSH level, gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities and plasma insulin concentration than unfed rats. Exercised 24- and 48-h refed rats had 27% and 31 % lower liver GSH (P < 0.05), respectively, and a 21 % lower GSH:GSSG ratio (P < 0.05) than their rested counterparts. Plasma insulin concentrations were significantly lower, whereas glucagon concentrations were greater in the exercised than in the rested rats. Muscle GSH concentration was significantly lower in the food-deprived than in the refed rats (P < 0.05) but was unaffected by exercise. Exercised 24-h refed rats had significantly elevated muscle GSSG concentration compared with rested rats, along with a higher GSH peroxidase and a lower gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase activity (P < 0.05). These data indicate that both food deprivation-refeeding and exhaustive exercise influence liver and skeletal muscle glutathione status and that these changes may be controlled by hepatic glutathione synthesis and release due to hormonal stimulation.
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PMID:Alteration of glutathione and antioxidant status with exercise in unfed and refed rats. 868 45


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