Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:1.1.1.49 (glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase)
 7,794 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Male Wistar rats were starved and refed diets containing either 40% carbohydrate as monosaccharides (glucose, fructose, invert sugar) or disaccharides (maltose, sucrose), or 42.2% carbohydrate as glucose. Induction of various liver enzymes and changes in total liver lipid levels by the different dietary sugars were studied. Liver enzymes measured included glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (g6pd), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD), malic enzyme (ME), phosphofructokinase (PFK), L-alpha-glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase (LalphaGPD), pyruvate kinase (PK), citrate cleavage enzyme (CCE), acetyl CoA carboxylase (AcCoAC), and fatty acid synthetase (FAS). The responses in enzyme activity to diets containing glucose or invert sugar were used as the basal response. Enzyme responses to refeeding the carbohydrate diets fell into three categories: (1) enzyme activity increased both by the disaccharide configuration of the carbohydrate and by fructose (G6PD, PK, CCE, AcCoAC, FAS); (2) enzyme activity increased only by the disaccharide configuration of the carbohydrate (6PGD, ME); and (3) enzyme activity increased only by fructose (PFK, LalphaGPD). Total liver lipid level was increased both by the disaccharide configuration of the carbohydrate and by fructose. Refeeding diets containing equal molar amounts of glucose or maltose did not abolish the disaccharide effect. The data indicate that the disaccharide configuration of maltose and sucrose may have an effect at the gastrointestinal level, which causes an increased induction of certain enzymes in the liver.
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PMID:Demonstration of a specific metabolic effect of dietary disaccharides in the rat. 24 12

In liver homogenates of rats fed a low-level diet of Wheat-Rice- or Miyazaki-pattern amino acid mixture, some enzymes such as glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, ATP citrate lyase, fatty acid-synthesizing enzymes, malic enzyme and L-alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase, whose activities are indicators of lipogenesis have been determined from the viewpoint of the mechanisms producing fatty liver. In the early experimental period, malic enzyme activity increased more markedly in rats fed low amino acid mixture diets than in the control group, and L-alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase activity in the liver increased slightly. Conversely, ATP citrate lyase and fatty acid-synthesizing enzyme activities remained almost at control levels, or glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity tended to decrease. These results suggest that some other associated factors, such as depression of the lipid transfer system in the liver rather than accelerated lipogenesis itself, may be the main cause of the fatty livers produced under these nutritional conditions.
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PMID:Some lipogenic enzyme activities in rat livers in which an excessive fat accumulation occurred due to feeding low-level amino acid mixture diets. 50 52

In most of the cases studied, histo- and cytoenzymochemical values of metabolism in cancer of the mammary gland correlate with the histological type, differentiation level and the degree of the tumor malignancy. As the histological degree of malignancy increases and the level of differentiation of the mammary cancer decreases, the activity of glycolysis and pentous shunt enzymes, lactate dehydrogenase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, increases and that of the Krebs cycle enzymes, succinate and malate dehydrogenase, as well as the enzyme of glycerophosphate shuttle mechanism and oxidation of glycerol-L-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase decreases simultaneously. These data suggest that histo- and cytochemical methods of the enzyme activity determinations may be used for the specification of the prognosis and choosing of the auxiliary methods for the therapy of the mammary gland cancer based both on morphology and metabolism of the tumour.
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PMID:[Histo- and cytochemical enzymatic characteristics of breast cancer]. 51 61

The present study was undertaken to measure the activities of several hepatic enzymes of regulatory importance in the pathways of lipogenesis and gluconeogenesis in rats fed diets marginally deficient in copper (1.2 micrograms Cu/g of diet) and containing either fructose, glucose, or starch as the carbohydrate sources. Although all copper-deficient rats exhibited the characteristic signs of copper deficiency, they were more pronounced in rats fed the diet containing fructose. Except for the activity of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase which was unaffected either by copper deficiency or by the type of dietary carbohydrate, the hepatic activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, malic enzyme, L-alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase and fructose 1,6-diphosphatase were unaffected by copper deficiency but were affected by the type of carbohydrate in the diet. Fructose produced the greatest increase in enzymatic activities, whereas starch produced the least activity and glucose induced an intermediate effect. These results indicate that the deleterious effects of a fructose diet deficient in copper on biochemical and physiological indices could not be due to an immediate metabolite of fructose. However, the involvement of a subsequent metabolite of fructose in the mechanism of copper utilization and/or requirement cannot be excluded.
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PMID:Effects of different dietary carbohydrates on hepatic enzymes of copper-deficient rats. 397 25