Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:1.1.1.41 (isocitrate dehydrogenase)
3,101 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Lipogenic enzymes glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, isocitrate dehydrogenase NADP+ soluble and malic enzyme have been determined in the hepatic soluble fraction of rats chronically treated with ethanol and a lipid rich diet. The treatment based on protectives and lipotropic substances administered as nucleotides: UDP-glucose, CDP-choline, S-adenosyl methionine and Coenzyme A, elicits a significant restoration on the activities of G6PDH, 6PGDH and ICDH. These results show that the treatment, on promoting lipid mobilization, could increase the rate of hepatic lipogenesis. The malic enzyme enhanced activities, when ethanol and lipid diet were simultaneously administered, may be interpreted as a requirement for NADPH by the microsomic drug oxidation system.
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PMID:[Effect of the administration of nucleotide coenzymes on the lipogenic enzyme changes caused by chronic alcohol intoxication]. 675 77

The metabolic function of NAD(P)-glycohydrolase in the streptomycin-producing Streptomyces griseus was investigated. Phospho-adenosinediphospho-ribose, the product of NAD(P)-glycohydrolase reaction was shown to interfere as a competitive inhibitor not only with the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (VORONINA et al. 1978) but also with the NADP-dependent isocitrate and 6-phospho-gluconate dehydrogenases. Inhibition kinetics were studied with isocitrate dehydrogenase from pig heart and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase from yeast as well as with mycelial extracts of a mutant of S. griseus lacking NAD(P)-glycohydrolase.
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PMID:Control by phospho-adenosinediphospho-ribose of NADP-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase in Streptomyces griseus. 678 52

This study has investigated the feasibility of calculating the cytoplasmic free [NADP+]/[NADPH] ratio in rat brain. The time course of the change in the substrate ratios of the malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) [E.C. 1.1.1.40], NADP+-isocitrate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) [E.C. 1.1.1.42] and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) [E.C. 1.1.1.44] reactions was followed for up to 10 min after a single, unmodified electroconvulsive seizure. From the results it has been concluded that during periods of low flux, the direction and magnitude of the change in the cytoplasmic free [NADP+]/[NADPH] ratio can, in fact, be reasonably determined even though there is some uncertainty in the absolute value of the ratio itself. It is recommended that reliance not be placed on a single enzyme system but that one or both of the other systems also be observed under a given experimental condition to increase confidence in the determination. The results also demonstrate that seizure and anoxia have a far lesser effect on the cytoplasmic free [NADP+]/[NADPH] ratio than on the free [NAD+]/[NADH] ratio in the same compartment. These results suggest that the pathways using the nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate system are relatively protected from the rapid fluctuations that seizure and anoxia can produce.
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PMID:The calculation of the cytoplasmic free [NADP+]/[NADPH] ratio in brain: effect of electroconvulsive seizure. 679 9

Three isonitrogenous, isoenergetic diets were formulated with varying levels of carbohydrate (CHO) and lipid to determine the effect of energy source on lipogenic enzyme activities in fingerling channel catfish. Diets A, B, and C contained, expressed as a percentage of total energy, 0% CHO and 49% lipid, 16% CHO and 33% lipid, and 46% CHO and 3% lipid, respectively. Duplicate groups of 60 fish weighing 435 +/- 5 g/group were fed 3% of their wet weight per day. Fish fed the high lipid (A) diet grew as well as fish fed the high-CHO (C) diet. Fish fed diet B, however, had a significantly greater growth rate. Fish were sampled and composite samples of liver and mesenteric adipose tissue were assayed for the following enzymes: fatty acid synthetase, malic enzyme, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, and NADP-isocitrate dehydrogenase. In both hepatic and adipose tissue, all lipogenic enzymes assayed were stimulated by the high-CHO diet. All lipogenic enzymes were depressed by the high lipid diet only in hepatic tissue. Enzyme activities were much lower in adipose tissue relative to hepatic tissue. The marked stimulation of the hepatic lipogenic enzyme activities by dietary CHO may explain why catfish can utilize higher levels of dietary CHO than certain solmonid fishes.
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PMID:Effects of diet on lipogenic enzyme activities in channel catfish hepatic and adipose tissue. 705 59

Isozyme patterns of 13 enzymes were compared for cultures of Trypanosoma avium, T. vespertilionis, T cruzi and T. rangeli. The isozyme separation was made by cellulose acetate electrophoresis. Each of the species had distinctly migrating isozyme bands for glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICD), malic enzyme (ME), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD), phosphoglucoisomerase (PGI), phosphoglucomutase (PGM), and malic dehydrogenase (MDH). For other enzymes, two or more species had identically migrating bands. In addition to these interspecific species differences, variability was observed among the strains of T. cruzi and T. rangeli. Among the T. cruzi strains, there were two different isozyme (possibly allozyme) types of the enzymes alanine aminotransferase (ALAT), fructokinase (FK), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), GOT, MDH and three types of ME. In the T. rangeli isolates two isozyme types for the enzymes ALAT, FK, G6PDH, GOT, ICD, and LDH, were observed. Among the eight strains of T. cruzi studied there were six isozyme types, and among the seven T. rangeli isolates there were four isozyme types. There was an indication that isozyme types were associated with geographical distribution.
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PMID:Biochemical characterization of Trypanosoma spp by isozyme electrophoresis. 723 23

The activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase(6PGDH), malic enzyme (ME) and isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDh) were investigated with optimized histochemical methods (Rieder it al 1978), and the activity of 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (3HBDH) and neutral fat content with conventional techniques in the liver of male rats under the following experimental dietary conditions: (A) Fasting for 0, 12 and 84h; (B) 84-h fasting followed by refeeding with a low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet for 6 h and for 2, 3, 5, 7, 11 and 14 nights; (C) refeeding with standard diet for 5 nights; (D) low-fat high-carbohydrate diet for 7 an 14 nights. The activities of G6PDH, 6PGDH and ME decreased slightly during fasting primarily in zone 1 and increased dramatically on refeeding with a low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet. This activity increase was confined mainly to zone 3 during the first 3 days and was accompanied by a deposition of neutral fats that began in zone 3 and progressed to zone 1. Neutral for accumulation was maximal after 3 nights, with a uniform accumulation of large droplets in all the hepatocytes; this was followed by a release that started in zone 3 and proceeded in a periportal direction. On the other hand, G6PDH, 6PGDH and ME attained their maximum activities after 5 amd 7 nights of low-fat diet, the activities being nearly homogeneously distributed over the liver acinus in a few cases. Subsequently the activities fill mainly in zone 1, causing the activity patterns and levels to approach those of the animals in group (D). In contrast to this, the activity of ICDH increased during fasting principally in zone 1, so that the otherwise steep activity gradient in favor of zone 3 lessened. Refeeding led at first to a fall of activity below the initial value, but later the normal distribution pattern was restored. The activity of 3HBDH showed a behavior similar to that of ICDH. The findings are discussed with reference to the functional heterogeneity of the liver parenchyma, and the existence of a liponeogenic area in zone 3 is proposed.
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PMID:NADP-dependent dehydrogenases in rat liver parenchyma. III. The description of a liponeogenic area on the basis of histochemically demonstrated enzyme activities and the neutral fat content during fasting and refeeding. 729 91

The behaviours of the principal NADPH-producing enzymes (glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, cytoplasmic and mitochondrial 'malic' enzyme and NAPD+-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase) were studied during the development of rat heart and compared with those in brain and liver. 1. The enzymes belonging to the pentose phosphate pathway exhibit lower activities in heart than in other tissues throughout development. 2. The pattern of induction of heart cytoplasmic and mitochondrial 'malic' enzymes does not parallel that found in liver. Heart mitochondrial enzyme is slowly induced from birth onwards. 3. NADP+-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase has similar activities in all tissues in 18-day foetuses. 4. Heart mitochondrial NADP+-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase is greatly induced in the adult, where it attains a 10-fold higher activity than in liver. 5. The physiological functions of mitochondrial 'malic' enzyme and NADP+-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase are discussed.
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PMID:Development of NADPH-producing pathways in rat heart. 739 38

To determine the potential site(s) of fatty acid synthesis and source(s) of reducing equivalents, the activities of the cytoplasmic NADPH producing enzymes--isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH), malic enzyme (ME), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGDH), and of aconitase, ATP-citrate lyase (CCE) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) were measured in homogenates of liver, intestine, visceral fat, red muscle and white muscle of eels (Anguilla rostrata) fed beef liver or worms, or fasted for 2 to 6 months. There were no differences in enzyme activities between eels fed beef liver or fasted for 2 months. Eels fed worms had significantly greater G6PDH activity than fasted eels. Liver size and hepatosomatic index decreased in fasted eels, but lipid content per gram of liver or muscle increased. Based on the total activities of the NADPH producing enzymes, the liver appeared to be the primary organ for lipogenesis, although the intestine contained active lipogenic enzymes as well. In the liver, IDH had the lowest Km (NADP) and highest activity of the NADP-dehydrogenases. In the liver cytoplasm, the low activities of CCE and ME and the presence of an active aconitase, with a 20-fold greater affinity than CCE for citrate, suggest tha citrate cleavage is unimportant and that IDH is a major source of reducing equivalents. The source of carbon for fatty acid synthesis is discussed in relation to these conclusions.
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PMID:Influence of fasting and diet on lipogenic enzymes in the american eel, Anguilla rostrata LeSueur. 746 73

Early alterations in cellular energy metabolism, reductive biosynthesis and enzymes related to cell proliferation were studied in 40 Wistar albino rats exposed to an acute level of deoxycholate (DOC), and fed different diets. The animals were divided into four equal groups and fed ad libitum either a normal diet (ND), a high-carbohydrate high-fibre (HCF) diet, or a high-protein high-fat (HPF) diet. Three times weekly intrarectal injection of 40 mg/0.2 ml DOC was given to three groups of the rats for 9 weeks. The specific activities of phosphofructokinase, pyruvate kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase were all significantly (p < 0.05) increased in the DOC-treated animals compared with the physiological saline-treated control. Reductive biosynthetic enzyme activities (malic enzyme, isocitrate dehydrogenase-NADP(+)-dependent, and ATP-citrate lyase) were reduced in the DOC-treated animals compared with the control. Feeding rats with the HCF diet significantly (p < 0.05) lowered the specific activities of the enzymes of glycolysis, of the pentose phosphate pathway (oxidative) and hyaluronidase and proteinase compared with those of the HPF-fed rats. These results show an altered enzymic profile in rats fed an HCF and an HPF diet compared with rats fed the ND and suggests a protective role of the HCF diet against the development of colon cancer.
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PMID:Early changes in energy metabolism in rats exposed to an acute level of deoxycholate and fed a Nigerian-like diet. 797 71

Isozymes of 23 cultures of the anaerobic rumen fungi and seven cultures of aerobic chytridiomycete fungi were analysed by PAGE. A total of 14 isozyme loci were successfully typed by PAGE. They were peptidase A & C-1, peptidase A & C-2, peptidase D-1, peptidase D-2, malate dehydrogenase-1, malate dehydrogenase-2, esterase-1, esterase-2, malic enzyme-1, malic enzyme-2, isocitrate dehydrogenase, shikimate dehydrogenase, phosphoglucomutase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase. Isozyme analysis can be used for studying the genetic relationships among the different anaerobic rumen fungi and the aerobic chytridiomycete fungi and the isozyme characteristics can serve as additional taxonomic criteria in the classification of the anaerobic rumen fungi. A dendrogram based on the isozyme data demonstrated that the anaerobic rumen fungi formed a cluster, indicating a monophyletic group, distinctly separated from the aerobic chytridiomycete fungi. Piromyces communis and P. minutus showed a close relationship but P. spiralis showed a more distant relationship to both P. communis and P. minutus. Piromyces as a whole was more related to Caecomyces than to Neocallimastix. Orpinomyces was also found to be more related to Piromyces and Caecomyces than to Neocallimastix. Orpinomyces intercalaris C 70 from cattle showed large genetic variation from O. joyonii, indicating that it is a different species.
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PMID:Isozyme analysis of anaerobic rumen fungi and their relationship to aerobic chytrids. 808 8


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