Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

---

Query: EC:1.1.1.41 (isocitrate dehydrogenase)
3,101 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Adipose tissue from fetuses decapitated at 45 d of gestation was removed and structurally and histochemically analyzed at 65, 85 and 110 d of gestation. Subcutaneous adipose tissue from decapitated and control fetuses at 65 d of gestation was histologically and histochemically similar. A reduced number of fat cell clusters in the outer layer of subcutaneous tissue and a poorly developed dermis was evident in decapitated fetuses at 85 d of gestation. Fat cell size was similar for control and decapitated fetuses at 65 d of gestation, whereas cells in 85 d-old decapitated fetuses were larger than cells in control fetuses. Adipocytes from control and 85 d-old decapitated fetuses were histochemically similar except for an elevated number of esterase positive cells in decapitated fetuses. At 110 d of gestation, adipocytes from decapitated fetuses had higher activities of the following enzymes than did control adipocytes: malate dehydrogenase (NADP dependent) glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase NADP dependent), isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP dependent), alpha-glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase (NADP dependent), NADPH-tetrazoleum reductase and esterase. Levels of succinate dehydrogenase, glutamate dehydrogenase and NADH-tetrazoleum reductase were similar in cells from controls and decapitated fetuses. These data indicate that fetal decapitation probably exerts a positive influence on enzymes involved in lipid synthesis. However, fetal decapitation also exerts a negative influence on fat cell hyperplasia.
...
PMID:Histochemical and cellular aspects of adipose tissue development in decapitated pig fetuses: an ontogeny study. 674 43

Changes in the activity of 13 enzymes are described in the process of cytodifferentiation of the nerve cells of spinal ganglion, the motor neurons of spinal cord and large nerve cells of the III layer of tectum opticum in 7, 10 and 21 day old chick embryos. Cytophotometry was performed with MZFV-1 (LOMO) by means of plug-method. A relatively high activity of glucose-6-phosphat dehydrogenase, diaphorase, alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase and, partially, acetylcholine esterase was found already in the 7 days old embryo. The activity of monoamine oxidase, aldolase-glyceroaldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, glutamate dehydrogenase increased markedly on the 21st day. When studying the reciprocal distribution of two enzymes in separate cells, pairs of enzymes with a high value of correlation coefficient were found. The cytodifferentiation was found to be accompanied by changes in the coefficient of correlation of the same pair of enzymes.
...
PMID:[Enzymes in the process of neuronal differentiation of the hen spinal ganglion, spinal cord and tectum opticum. A cytophotometric histochemical study]. 683 47

Electrophoretic patterns for isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH; EC 1.1.1.42), acid phosphatase (ACP; EC 3.1.3.2), peroxidase (PER; EC 1.11.1.7), and esterase (EST; EC 3.1.1.1) isozymes were determined in Cereus peruvianus tissues and used as markers of genetic uniformity of calli and of the plants regenerated from callus cultures. One IDH, six ACP, six PER, and six EST isozymes were induced in cultured callus tissues in medium containing three 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and kinetin combinations. Four ACP, two PER, and three EST isozymes were still present in all regenerated plants in vitro and therefore can be used as markers of the C. peruvianus plants regenerated from callus tissues. The differential patterns of ACP and IDH isozymes and the similar zymograms for PER and EST isozymes presented by callus tissues were used in a comparison of callus tissues cultured for 2 years. The comparative analysis of zymograms within each enzyme system indicated a mean heterogeneity coefficient of 0.33 for C. peruvianus calli cultured for 2 years. Because of the isozyme variations, which developed in culture medium and were transferred to the regenerated plants, the IDH, ACP, PER, and EST enzyme systems can be considered to be good markers for investigating possible genetic variations in plant populations of C. peruvianus obtained in vitro from callus culture.
...
PMID:Isozyme patterns in callus cultures and in plants regenerated from calli of Cereus peruvianus (Cactaceae). 782 11

Isozymes of 23 cultures of the anaerobic rumen fungi and seven cultures of aerobic chytridiomycete fungi were analysed by PAGE. A total of 14 isozyme loci were successfully typed by PAGE. They were peptidase A & C-1, peptidase A & C-2, peptidase D-1, peptidase D-2, malate dehydrogenase-1, malate dehydrogenase-2, esterase-1, esterase-2, malic enzyme-1, malic enzyme-2, isocitrate dehydrogenase, shikimate dehydrogenase, phosphoglucomutase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase. Isozyme analysis can be used for studying the genetic relationships among the different anaerobic rumen fungi and the aerobic chytridiomycete fungi and the isozyme characteristics can serve as additional taxonomic criteria in the classification of the anaerobic rumen fungi. A dendrogram based on the isozyme data demonstrated that the anaerobic rumen fungi formed a cluster, indicating a monophyletic group, distinctly separated from the aerobic chytridiomycete fungi. Piromyces communis and P. minutus showed a close relationship but P. spiralis showed a more distant relationship to both P. communis and P. minutus. Piromyces as a whole was more related to Caecomyces than to Neocallimastix. Orpinomyces was also found to be more related to Piromyces and Caecomyces than to Neocallimastix. Orpinomyces intercalaris C 70 from cattle showed large genetic variation from O. joyonii, indicating that it is a different species.
...
PMID:Isozyme analysis of anaerobic rumen fungi and their relationship to aerobic chytrids. 808 8

Extraction and isoenzyme analysis of four isolates of Arthrobotrys including A. musiformis, A. robusta and A. conoides were conducted. Among the 14 enzymes studied by starch gel electrophoresis, using morpholine-citrate as gel/electrode buffer, the following nine enzymes showed interpretable banding patterns: alpha-esterase, fumarase, hexokinase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, leucine aminopeptidase, malate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, phosphoglucomutase and phosphoglucoisomerase. All isolates studied displayed typical isoenzyme phenotypes for each species. Two isolates of A. conoides differed in their alpha-isoesterase banding patterns, but no differences were observed for the other enzymes. The assay was satisfactory for enzyme extraction and resolution of Arthrobotrys and could be used in future taxonomic and genetic studies of this organism.
...
PMID:Isoenzyme analysis of Arthrobotrys, a nematode-trapping fungus. 949 29

A multivariate model is proposed relating short-term biomarker measurements in Daphnia magna to chronic effects (21-d exposure) occurring at the population level (time to death, mean brood size, mean total young per female, intrinsic rate of natural increase, net reproductive rate, and growth). The results of the short-term exposure (48 h-96 h) to eight model toxicants (cadmium, chromium, mercury, tributyl tin, linear alkylsulfonic acid, sodium pentachlorophenolate, lindane, and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) on the following biomarkers were used for the multivariate model: digestive enzymes (amylase, cellulase, beta-galactosidase, trypsin, and esterase), enzymes of the intermediary metabolism (glycogen phosphorylase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, pyruvate kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, and isocitrate dehydrogenase), cellular energy allocation (CEA) (protein, carbohydrate, and lipid content and electron transport activity), and DNA damage and antioxidative stress activity. Using partial least squares to latent structures (PLS), a two-component model was obtained with R2 of 0.68 and a Q2 value of 0.60 based on the combined analysis of a limited number of the 48- and 96-h biomarker responses. For the individual population-level responses, the R2 values varied from 0.66 to 0.77 and the Q2 values from 0.52 to 0.69. Energy-related biomarkers (cellular energy allocation, lipid contents, anaerobic metabolic activity--pyruvate kinase, and lactate dehydrogenase), combined with parameters related to oxidative stress (catalase) and DNA damage measured after 48 and 96 h of exposure, were able to predict long-term effects at higher levels of biological organization.
...
PMID:A multivariate biomarker-based model predicting population-level responses of Daphnia magna. 1295 51

The dynamic behavior of four-locus gametic frequency distributions was studied in five replicate cage populations of Drosophila melanogaster for up to 50 generations. The joint frequency distributions were resolved into gene frequencies and various disequilibrium measures. In addition, F statistics for marginal single-locus genotypic frequency distributions were followed through time. The gene frequency, disequilibrium and F statistics were obtained for four chromosome 3 enzyme marker loci [isocitrate dehydrogenase (3-27.1), esterase-6 (3-36.8), phosphoglucomutase (3-43.4) and esterase-C (3-49.0)]. The initial structure of the experimental populations featured random mating proportions, and two complementary gametic types with respect to the marker loci, thus assuring complete pairwise linkage disequilibrium among the markers.--The experimental results indicate: (1) the between-replicate variance in gene frequency varied substantially among loci, with isocitrate dehydrogenase showing the greatest between-replicate variance, and esterase-C the least. (2) The F statistics initially were strongly negative but decayed to the neighborhood of zero for all marker loci except esterase-C. The rate at which the F statistics approached zero varied among the marker loci, indicating substantial differences in the distribution of selective effects along the chromosome. The centromeric region, marked by esterase-C, shows the strongest selective effects. (3) The rate of decay of linkage disequilibrium was much faster than expected for pairs of neutral loci, averaging 1.82 times the neutral rate over all replicates and pairs of loci. This acceleration, which was observed for all six pairwise combinations of loci, was interpreted as resulting from the interaction between selection and recombination. Our experimental results are consistent with many investigations of linkage disequilibrium in natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster that show little or no disequilibrium among enzyme loci. (4) A fortuitous contamination of two cages revealed an apparent regulatory interaction between the migrant and nonmigrant chromosomes at the esterase-C locus. The migrant chromosomes were very rapidly absorbed into the recipient populations, despite this interaction. This result suggests that the dynamics of migration in populations may be phenomenologically richer than anticipated by simple theory.
...
PMID:Dynamics of Correlated Genetic Systems. V. Rates of Decay of Linkage Disequilibria in Experimental Populations of DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER. 1724 94

An alkaliphilic bacterium, Bacillus clausii SKAL-16, was isolated from soil that had been contaminated with vegetable oil. The optimal pH and general pH range for bacterial growth was 8, and 7 to 10, respectively. The bacterium could grow on tributyrin and glycerol, but could not grow on acetate and butyrate. The SKAL-16 strain excreted butyric acid during growth on tributyrin, and selectively ingested glycerol during growth on a mixture of butyric acid and glycerol. The SKAL-16 generated intracellular lipase, but did not produce esterase and extracellular lipase. The DNA fragment amplified with the chromosomal DNA of SKAL-16 and primers designed on the basis of the esterase-coding gene of Bacillus clausii KSM-K16 was not identical with the esterase-coding gene contained in the GenBank database. Pyruvate dehydrogenase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, and malate dehydrogenase activities were detected in the cellfree extract (crude enzyme).
...
PMID:Isolation and physiological characterization of Bacillus clausii SKAL-16 isolated from wastewater. 1913 92

Meloidogyne incognita race 1, M. javanica, M. arenaria race 1, M. hapla, and an undescribed Meloidogyne sp. were analyzed by comparing isozyme phenotypes of esterase, malate dehydrogenase, phosphoglucomutase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, and alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase. Isozyme phenotypes were obtained from single mature females by isoelectric focusing electrophoresis. Of these five isozymes, only esterase and phosphoglucomutase could be used to separate all five Meloidogyne spp.; however, the single esterase electromorphs were similar for M. incognita and M. hapla. Yet when both nematodes were run on the same gel, differences in their esterase phenotypes were detectable. Isozyme phenotypes from the other three isozymes revealed a great deal of similarity among M. incognita, M. javanica, M. arenaria, and the undescribed Meloidogyne sp.
...
PMID:Comparisons of Isozyme Phenotypes in Five Meloidogyne spp. with Isoelectric Focusing. 1928 55

Analysis of genetic variation between the banana and the citrus races of Radopholus similis by starch gel eleclrophoresis demonstrated that 7 of 16 enzyme-encoding loci could be used for their diagnostic separation. The two races are closely related arid share approximately 75% of the enzymes evaluated. The level of dissimilarities o1 inherited bands indicates that no gene flow occurs between the races. Aldolase, alpha + beta esterase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, and phosphoglucose isomerase are diagnostic markers of the races.
...
PMID:Biochemical Identification of the Two Races of Radopholus similis by Starch Gel Electrophoresis. 1929 14


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 Next >>

---